1、Designation: F 1447 06An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used in Recreational Bicycling or Roller Skating1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、 revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers performance requirements forhelmets manufactured for use by recreat
3、ional bicyclists orroller skaters. This specification recognizes the desirability oflightweight construction and ventilation; however, it is aperformance standard and is not intended to restrict design.1.2 All testing and requirements of this specification shallbe in accordance with Test Methods F 1
4、446, except wherenoted herein.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Anystatement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the product meets all of the requirements ofthe specification in its entirety. A product that fails to meet anyone of the require
5、ments of this specification is considered tohave failed the standard and should not be sold with anyindication that it meets parts of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Usedin Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protecti
6、veHeadgearF 2043 Classification for Bicycle Usage3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 recreational bicycling, nbicycling in conditions upto Condition 4 as specified in Classification F 2043.3.1.2 in-lines, nroller skates with all wheels on each skatearranged along a
7、 single longitudinal line.3.1.3 quads, nroller skates with four wheels on each skatearranged in a rectangular pattern.3.1.4 recreational roller skating, nskating horizontallyusing quads or in-lines but not roller hockey or trick rollerskating such as ramp jumping, sliding sideways, or skating onstai
8、rs.4. Headforms4.1 Headforms to be used in this specification are asspecified in the section on Test Headforms of Test MethodsF 1446. The appropriate size headform shall be selected inaccordance with the section on Headform Size of Test MethodsF 1446 for the helmet to be tested.4.2 In addition to th
9、e provisions of Test Methods F 1446, thecenter of gravity of the headform must be within a 10 verticalcone from the center of impact and lie within a rectangular area28 by 12.8 mm oriented as shown in Fig. 1. The center ofgravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm millime-ters of the Z-X p
10、lane, which is defined for twin wire systems asthe plane containing the axes of the two guide wires, and formonorail systems as the plane containing the design center ofthe headform and the axis of the monorail. The center ofgravity of the drop assembly shall lie within 6.4 mm of the Y-Zplane on the
11、 side opposite the arm of the ball arm and within21.6 mm of the Y-Z plane on the side containing the ball armwhere the Y-Z plane is perpendicular to the Z-X plane andcontains the design center of the headform. Please see Fig. 1.The center of the anvil must be fixed in alignment with thecenter vertic
12、al axis of the accelerometer.5. Anvils and Impact Velocities5.1 Anvils to be used for impact tests in this specificationare the flat, hemispherical, and curbstone anvils described inthe section on Apparatus of Test Methods F 1446.5.2 The helmet shall be dropped onto the flat anvil toachieve an impac
13、t velocity of 6.2 m/s (corresponding to atheoretical drop height of 2.0 m).5.3 The helmet shall be dropped onto the hemispherical andcurbstone anvils to achieve an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s(corresponding to a theoretical drop height of 1.2 m).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Co
14、mmittee F08 on SportsEquipment, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.53on Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1447 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
15、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International,
16、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 The impact velocity shall be measured during the last 40mm of free-fall for each test and shall be within 63 % of thevelocities specified in 5.2 and 5.3.6. Marking the Test Line (Area of Required Coverage)6.1 Pla
17、ce the helmet on the appropriate size headform inaccordance with the section on Headform Size Selection ofTest Methods F 1446 and preload with a preload ballast weightof 5 kg.6.2 Position the helmet as specified by the manufacturershead positioning index (HPI) with the brow parallel to the basicplan
18、e.6.3 Draw a line A-B-C-D on the helmet as shown in Fig. 2.This represents the test line defined in Test Methods F 1446.7. Conditioning, Number of Samples and LaboratoryEnvironment7.1 The test normally requires eight samples of each shell/liner combination.7.2 Conditioning of the samples to be teste
19、d is described inthe section on Conditioning Environment of Test MethodsF 1446, except that the ambient sample may be conditioned inan environment at 17 to 27C with a relative humidity of 20 to80 %, and the wet sample is to be submerged inverted inpotable water at a temperature of 17 to 27C to an ex
20、ternalcrown depth of at least 305 6 25 mm.8. Impact Sites and Projections8.1 Impact sites are described in the section on Impact Sitesand Anvils of Test Methods F 1446.8.2 ProjectionsAny unfaired projection extending morethan 7 mm from the helmets outer surface shall break away orcollapse when impac
21、ted with forces equivalent to those pro-duced by applicable impact-attenuation tests in Section 5.There shall be no fixture on the helmets inner surfaceprojecting more than 2 mm into the helmet interior exceptoccipital stabilizers and foam fit pads.9. Impacting Schedule9.1 All impacting shall be per
22、formed in accordance withTest Methods F 1446.9.2 Helmets shall be impacted with the anvils centered on orabove the test line described in Section 6.9.3 The test anvils can be oriented in any horizontal,centered position.9.4 One each hot, cold, wet, and ambient helmet shall beimpacted using the flat
23、and hemispherical anvils only.9.5 The curbstone anvil shall be used to impact one timeeach of the second set of four samples, one conditioned undereach of the four conditioning environments.9.6 In accordance with the section on Test Schedule of TestMethods F 1446, retention system testing (see Secti
24、on 11) shallbe completed prior to impact testing.10. Peak Acceleration Requirements10.1 The peak acceleration (g, max) of the impulse duringthe impact shall be measured with equipment described in thesection on Apparatus of Test Methods F 1446.10.2 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not excee
25、d300 g.11. Retention System Testing11.1 The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positionalstability (roll-off) test in accordance with Test Methods F 1446,usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m.11.2 The hot, cold, and wet helmets shall be subjected to thedynamic strength retention test in ac
26、cordance with Test Meth-ods F 1446, usinga4kgdrop mass from a height of 0.6 m. Theretention system shall remain intact without elongating morethan 30 mm.NOTE 1Overview of ball-arm as installed on impact test apparatus.NOTE 2Coordinate system as defined in FMVSS 218, revised April 6, 1988. Z axis pos
27、itive downward (into page).FIG. 1 Center of Gravity for Drop AssemblyF144706212. Labels and Warnings12.1 In addition to the labeling requirements outlined in TestMethods F 1446, the helmet shall have one of the followinginscriptions on an interior permanent label:”For use in recreational bicycling b
28、ut not trick bicycling ordownhill mountain bike racing.”For use in recreational roller skating but not trick rollerskating or roller hockey.”For use in recreational bicycling or roller skating but nottrick bicycling or roller skating, downhill mountain bikeracing, or roller hockey.”13. Keywords13.1
29、bicycling; protective headgear; roller skating; helmetHeadformSizeDimensionXL/2 YRSTA 24.0 88.0 89.7 38.0 23.0 137.0E 26.0 94.5 96.0 39.0 24.0 146.5J 27.5 101.0 102.5 41.0 25.0 155.0M 29.0 106.0 107.0 41.0 27.0 161.0O 30.0 108.5 110.0 42.0 27.0 164.5FIG. 2 Marking the Test LineF1447063SUMMARY OF CHA
30、NGESCommittee F08 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue, F 1447 02,that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved May 1, 2006.)(1) Revised Fig. 2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connect
31、ion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsibl
32、e technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful cons
33、ideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 B
34、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1447064
