1、Designation: F 1449 01Standard Guide forCare and Maintenance of Flame, Thermal and Arc ResistantClothing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the care andmaintenance of clothing that is flame, thermal, and arc resis-tant.NOTE
3、 1The focus of this standard is the laundering process. Moredetailed information on decontamination, inspection, storage and repair isavailable in NFPA 2113.1.2 These recommendations address the Industrial launder-ing process.1.2.1 This guide does not provide detailed suggestions fordry cleaning. Fo
4、r more information contact your processor;his/her dry cleaning equipment supplier and solvent supplier;and the fiber, fabric, and garment manufacturers.1.2.2 This guide does not apply to home laundering offlame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing. Follow label direc-tions or contact garment supplie
5、r. For best cleaning results andproper maintenance of the protective characteristics of flame,thermal, and arc resistant clothing the services of a professionalprocessor is recommended. (See X1.1.)1.2.3 This guide does not apply to specialized protectivegarments such as specialized firefighter turno
6、ut gear andproximity firefighter ensembles.1.3 This guide also identifies inspection criteria that aresignificant to the performance of flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2F 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective
7、 Clothing32.2 Other Standard:NFPA 2113 Standard for Care of Stationhouse Gear3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This StandardThefollowing terms have been defined specifically as they relate tothis guide:3.1.1 care , nprocedures for cleaning, sterilization, decon-tamination, and stora
8、ge of flame, thermal, and arc resistantclothing.3.1.2 end user, nthe entity or organization whose employ-ees ultimately wear the flame, thermal, and arc resistantclothing.3.1.3 finish, na chemical or mechanical modification, orboth, of the fabric for a specific performance result.3.1.4 finishing tec
9、hnique, nthe mechanical means bywhich the garment is put in its final state (for example,pressing, drying, wrinkle removal, and so forth).3.1.5 laundry wash formula, nthe details related to pro-cedures, cycle times, temperatures, and chemicals used in thelaundering process.3.1.6 maintenance, nthe pr
10、ocedures for inspection, repair,and removal from service of flame, thermal, and arc resistantclothing.3.1.7 processing launderer (processor), nthe party per-forming the operation of cleaning or repairing, or both of theflame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide prov
11、ides guidelines for use by suppliers ofthe flame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing including thefabric and fibers used in its construction, processors, and theend user to effectively maintain flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing and to provide a means of determining whensuch items should be
12、removed from service. This includes thefollowing:4.1.1 Classification of flame, thermal, and arc resistantclothing by fiber, fabric, and finish.4.1.2 Listing of elements to consider when developing washformulas1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on ProtectiveClothing and is t
13、he direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.80 on Flame andThermal.Current edition approved November 10, 2001. Published January 2002. Origi-nally published as F 1449 92. Last previous edition F 1449 92(00)e1.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.06.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.03.1Copyr
14、ight ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.3 Recommendations for removing flame, thermal, andarc resistant clothing from service.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide identifies the responsibilities of the fiber,fabric, and clothi
15、ng manufacturers, as well as the processor, theprocessors chemical supplier and the end user.5.2 This guide has been developed to describe the keycomponents involved in a program for the care and mainte-nance of flame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing.5.2.1 New fibers, fabrics and construction te
16、chniques arecontinually being developed to improve flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing.5.3 The guidelines in this standard will provide a processorguidance to develop a processing system that maintains theflame, thermal, and arc resistant characteristics of the clothingduring their useful serv
17、ice life.5.3.1 New chemistry and washer controls are continuallybeing developed as well.5.4 It is this changing environment that makes the develop-ment of specific formulas for each fabric and soil type difficultto make absolute at any given point in time.5.5 The guide also provides guidance as to w
18、hen flame,thermal, and arc resistant garments should be removed fromservice.6. Procedure6.1 The fiber, fabric, and garment manufacturers are respon-sible to provide information on the performance characteristicsand maintenance needs. The end user is responsible to deter-mine the compatibility of the
19、 performance characteristics withthe intended use.6.2 The processor and the processors chemical supplier andthe end user should classify flame, thermal, and arc resistantclothing by fiber, fabric, and finish based upon informationprovided by the garment supplier.6.3 This guide establishes the follow
20、ing categories forsegregating flame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing by fiberand fabric characteristics significant to maintenance:6.3.1 Type AFlame, thermal, and arc resistant clothingconstructed exclusively of fabric made from inherently flame-resistant fibers that are tolerant to high-laundry
21、 and finishingtemperatures. (See X1.2.)6.3.2 Type BFlame, thermal, and arc resistant clothingconstructed exclusively of fabrics made from inherently flame-resistant fibers that have limitations on the maximum tempera-ture for laundering and finishing. (See X1.3.)6.3.3 Type CFlame, thermal, and arc r
22、esistant clothingconstructed exclusively of fabrics that are chemically treatedfor arc, thermal, and flame resistance.6.3.4 Type DFlame, thermal, and arc resistant clothingconstructed of a combination of fabrics of Type A, and/or B,and/or C.6.3.5 Type XFlame, thermal, and arc resistant clothingwith
23、specific label instructions prohibiting laundering, (forexample, “Dry Clean Only”, “Do Not Wash”).6.4 The processor, the processors chemical supplier andend user are responsible to determine if the methods whichneed to be utilized for proper cleaning of the flame, thermal,and arc resistant clothing
24、will maintain the flame, thermal, andarc resistant characteristics of the clothing.6.4.1 Laundry wash formulas should be developed by theprocessor and wash chemical supplier in collaboration with theclothing and fabric manufacturers based on the followingcriteria:(1) Water Temperature(2) Drying Temp
25、erature(3) Water Hardness(4) Mechanical Action(5) Machine Load Factor(6) Soil Sorting(7) Wash Room Chemistry(8) Finishing Temperature(9) Alkalinity of Detergents(10) Souring(11) Extraction(12) Cycle Times6.4.2 Based on the preceding criteria the following pro-cesses may, but not necessarily be inclu
26、ded in a wash formula.When selecting a processor the end user should inquire if theprocessor is capable of performing the following procedures.6.4.2.1 FlushA high-level bath for a short period of timeprior to the break. Flushes generally are used for conditioningtextiles before subsequent baths and
27、for removing debris andloose soil.6.4.2.2 Break (break suds)The first wash chemical bath.In light and medium-soil formulas, all of the surfactant/detergent and alkali to be used in the entire formula is generallyadded to the washer in the break bath. The break is the singlemost important step in the
28、 laundering process from thestandpoint of soil removal.6.4.2.3 SudsA bath occurring between the break andensuing steps. Suds baths are carried out at low water levels,usually with hot or tempered water. If alkali or detergent isntadded on these additional suds baths, they are referred to ascarryover
29、.6.4.2.4 Carryover (carryover suds)A cleaning step in alaundry formula in which no supplies are added, but suppliespreviously added are retained for use.6.4.2.5 RinseHigh water-level bath or baths following thebleach and preceding the sour or finishing bath. During rinsingthe final portions of loose
30、ned soil are removed along with thebulk of the washing compounds used in laundering. Except forantichlors, chemicals are usually not added to rinse.6.4.2.6 Sour bathNormally the final bath in the launder-ing process. The purpose for the sour (or acid) bath is toneutralize the alkalinity of the water
31、 in the textiles beforeremoving them from the machine for finishing.6.4.3 Since proper loading of the washer is essential toeffective processing of flame, thermal, and arc resistant cloth-ing appropriate consideration of load size should be coordi-nated with the machine manufacturer in cooperation w
32、ith theprocessor, processors chemical supplier and fiber, fabric, andclothing manufacturers.6.5 Determination of when flame, thermal, and arc resistantclothing should be removed from service shall be the ultimateresponsibility of the end user.F14490126.5.1 The following identifiable items (but not l
33、imited to)which may diminish the function of the flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing can be determined by visual examination:6.5.1.1 Worn OutThin spots, holes, excessive wear atedges, stains, or color loss.6.5.1.2 Mechanical DamageEvidence of cuts, rips, tears,open seams, and nonfunctional clo
34、sures.6.5.1.3 RepairsIf feasible, flame, thermal, and arc resis-tant clothing removed from service may be repaired andreturned to service. Repairs shall be made using fabrics andcomponents, which are equivalent to those, used in the originalmanufacturing.6.5.1.4 FitThe flame, thermal, and arc resist
35、ant clothingno longer fits the wearer. Garment may be assigned to anotherwearer if it meets all appropriate usability requirements.6.5.1.5 ModificationAlteration to garment that differs sig-nificantly from original design or function.6.5.1.6 ContaminationFlame, thermal, and arc resistantclothing con
36、taminated by materials that represent a flamma-bility, health, or other safety risk to the wearer should beremoved from service by the end user.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.X1.1 There may be circumstances under which homelaundering of flame, thermal, and arc resistant garments shouldbe avoid
37、ed by the end user since home laundering cleaningconditions may not be sufficient to remove contaminants thatreduce the flame, thermal, and arc resistant characteristics (seeNote X1.1). In addition, the end user must ensure the cleaningprocess used in home laundering follow the manufacturersrecommen
38、ded laundering procedures. The individual(s) pro-viding the home laundering must be adequately informed of theproper cleaning processes needed to insure the flame, thermal,and arc resistant characteristics of protective clothing aremaintained, for example, if chlorine bleach is used in homelaunderin
39、g, the flame, thermal, and arc resistant characteristicsof some types of FR clothing can be compromised or elimi-nated.NOTE X1.1Some soils containing potentially flammable materialssuch as solvents, oil, and other petroleum products may not be removed byhome laundering. Home laundering indicates lau
40、ndering by the employee.X1.2 An example of Type A fabrics is Aramid.X1.3 An example of Type B fabrics is FR acrylic.X1.4 These examples are for illustrative purposes only andare not to be inclusive or exclusive of any other fabrics whosecharacteristics might place them in these categories.ASTM Inter
41、national takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely
42、their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shou
43、ld be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Stan
44、dards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1449013
