1、Designation: F 1449 08Standard Guide forIndustrial Laundering of Flame, Thermal, and Arc ResistantClothing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1449; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the care andmaintenance of clothing that is flame, thermal, and arc resis-tant.1.
3、2 These recommendations address the Industrial Launder-ing process.NOTE 1The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) recommends leaving clothing soiled with hazardous chemicalsat work to be laundered by the employer; or if such clothing is washed athome, to launder separately fr
4、om the family wash.1.2.1 This guide does not apply to dry cleaning of flame,thermal, and arc resistant clothing. For more information ondry cleaning, follow label instructions or contact your garmentsupplier.NOTE 2Dry cleaning indicates cleaning by a professional dry cleaner.1.2.2 This guide does no
5、t apply to home laundering offlame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing. For more informa-tion on home laundering, follow label instructions or contactyour garment supplier.NOTE 3Home laundering indicates laundering in a home launderingmachine.1.3 It is important that potentially flammable contamina
6、ntsare removed from garments during the wash process. Ifflammable contaminants are not removed, the flame resistanceof the garment will be compromised. (See Note 1.)NOTE 4Effective cleaning and proper maintenance of the protectivecharacteristics of flame, thermal and arc resistant protective clothin
7、gshould include consideration of the services a professional processor cansupply.1.4 It is important that the processes and materials used tolaunder flame resistant garments are compatible with the FRmaterials to ensure that the FR protection of the garment is notcompromised during the laundering pr
8、ocess.1.5 It is the responsibility of the end user to determine iftheir laundering method is the appropriate care and mainte-nance procedure for their application. (See Appendix X1 andX1.1.)1.6 This guide does not apply to specialized protectivegarments such as specialized firefighter turnout gear a
9、ndproximity firefighter ensembles.1.7 This guide also identifies inspection criteria that aresignificant to the performance of flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesF 1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
10、2.2 Other References:Textile Laundering Technology Handbook -2005 Edition byDr. Charles Riggs, Ph.D. and Michael KlipperNIOSH, Protecting Workers Families, A Research AgendaReport of the Workers Family Protection Task Force February, 20023. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 care and maintenance, neff
11、ective cleaning to re-move soil and maximize use life of garments while maintaining(not removing) protective properties and procedures for inspec-tion, repair, and removal from service.3.1.2 end user, nthe entity or organization whose employ-ees ultimately wear the flame, thermal, and arc resistantc
12、lothing.3.1.3 finish, na chemical or mechanical modification, orboth, of the fabric for a specific performance result.3.1.4 finishing technique, nthe mechanical means bywhich the garment is put in its final state (for example,pressing, drying, tunneling).1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM
13、 Committee F23 on PersonalProtective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.80 on Flame and Thermal.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2008. Published February 2008. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1449 - 01.2For referenced AS
14、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshoh
15、ocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.5 laundry wash formula, nthe details related to pro-cedures, cycle times, temperatures, and chemicals used in thelaundering process.3.1.6 processing launderer (processor), nthe party per-forming the operation of cleaning or repairing, or both of theflame, ther
16、mal, and arc resistant clothing.3.1.7 soil, nforeign substances that may be on garments,which are not part of the garment construction or materials.3.1.8 soil level, nthe amount of soil on a garment (verylight, light, medium, heavy, and very heavy) are subjectivecategories of soil levels commonly us
17、ed in the laundry indus-try; the definition of each category depends on the soils, fabrictype, garment construction, and fabric release properties.(Refer to “The Textile Laundering Technology Handbook” inSection 2. Referenced Documents)4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide provides guidelines for use by
18、 suppliers ofthe flame, thermal, and arc resistant clothing (including thefabric and fibers used in its construction), processors, and endusers to effectively care for and maintain flame, thermal, andarc resistant clothing. The guidelines include:4.1.1 A listing of elements to consider when developi
19、ngwash procedures and formulas for processor(s).4.1.2 Recommendations for removing flame, thermal, andarc resistant clothing from service.4.1.3 Recommendations for the repair, modification and fitof flame, thermal and arc resistant clothing.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide identifies the respon
20、sibilities of the fiber,fabric, and clothing manufacturers, as well as the processor, theprocessors chemical supplier and the end user.5.2 This guide describes the key components involved in aprogram for the care and maintenance of flame, thermal, andarc resistant clothing.5.3 The guidelines in this
21、 standard will provide a processorassistance to develop a processing system that maintains theflame, thermal, and arc resistant characteristics of the clothingduring its useful service life.5.3.1 The development of published formulas for eachfabric and level of soiling is difficult at any given poin
22、t in timedue to ongoing continuous improvement of flame, thermal andarc resistant clothing, including new fibers, fabrics, and laun-dering equipment and procedures.5.4 The guide also provides suggestions as to when flame,thermal, and arc resistant garments should be removed fromservice.6. Procedure6
23、.1 Garment manufacturers, in consultation with fiber andfabric suppliers, are responsible for providing information onthe performance characteristics and maintenance needs of theirgarments. The end-user is responsible for understanding thehazards present in the workplace and selecting appropriateeng
24、ineering controls and protective equipment and garments toaddress those hazards.6.2 The processor should sort flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing by fiber, fabric, finish, and soil level inconsultation with the chemical supplier, and wash separatelyfrom all other clothing.6.3 The processor, in
25、 consultation with the chemical sup-plier, should develop loading plans and wash formulas toremove soils, while maintaining the flame and thermal protec-tive characteristics of the garments.6.3.1 Laundry wash formulas should be developed by theprocessor and wash chemical supplier in collaboration wi
26、th theclothing and fabric manufacturers based on the followingcriteria:(1) Washing Machine Type and VolumeMachine Loading FactorMechanical ActionExtractionCycle Times(2) Product Classifications and Material Construction(3) Soil types and soil level(4) Sorting(5) Wash Room ChemistryWater TemperatureW
27、ater HardnessDetergent Make-upAdditives(6) Finishing ProcessType Finishing-Drying, Pressing, TunnelingMoisture RetentionFinishing TemperatureFinishing Time(7) Special Instructions prohibiting laundering (for ex-ample, “Dry Clean Only” or “Do Not Wash”.6.3.2 Based on the preceding criteria, some or a
28、ll of thefollowing processes may be included in the wash formula:6.3.2.1 FlushA high-level bath for a short period of timeprior to the break. Flushes generally are used for conditioningtextiles before subsequent baths and for removing loose soils.6.3.2.2 Break (Break Suds)The first wash chemical bat
29、h.In light and medium-soil formulas, all of the surfactant/detergent and alkali to be used in the entire formula is generallyadded to the washer in the break bath.6.3.2.3 SudsA bath occurring between the break andensuing steps. Suds baths are carried out at low water levels,usually with hot or warm
30、water. If alkali or detergent isntadded on these additional suds baths, they are referred to ascarryover.6.3.2.4 Carryover (Carryover Suds)A cleaning step in alaundry formula in which no supplies are added, but suppliespreviously added are retained for use.6.3.2.5 RinseHigh water-level bath or baths
31、 following thecarryover and preceding the sour or finishing bath. Duringrinsing the final portions of loosened soils are removed alongwith the bulk of the washing compounds used in laundering.Rinses are used to cool down the wash load. Except forantichlors, chemicals are usually not added to rinse.6
32、.3.2.6 Sour BathNormally the final bath in the launder-ing process. The purpose for the sour (or acid) bath is toneutralize the alkalinity of the water in the textiles beforeremoving them from the machine for finishing.F14490826.4 Load SizeSince proper loading of the washer isessential to effective
33、processing of flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing, appropriate consideration of load size shouldbe made by the processor in coordination with the machinemanufacturer and the processors chemical supplier.6.5 Removal from ServiceFor most practical purposes,garments may be temporarily or permanen
34、tly removed fromservice for reasons as determined by inspection based onsubjective evaluation and advice by the processor. Ultimately,determination of when flame, thermal and arc resistant clothingshould be removed from service is the responsibility of the enduser.6.5.1 The following items, identifi
35、able by visual examina-tion, diminish the effectiveness of the flame, thermal, and arcresistant clothing. Other issues may also have such effects.6.5.1.1 Worn OutThin spots, holes, excessive wear atedges6.5.1.2 Mechanical DamageEvidence of cuts, rips, tears,open seams, and nonfunctional closures6.5.
36、1.3 RepairsTears, holes, open seams, lost buttons orsnaps are types of repairs. Each processor determines if thenumber and/or size of the repairs are acceptable to a garmentbefore removing the garment from service.6.5.1.4 ModificationsAlteration(s) to a garment that dif-fers significantly from the o
37、riginal design6.5.1.5 FitThe flame, thermal, and arc resistant clothingno longer fits the wearer; a garment may be assigned to anotherwearer if it meets all appropriate usability requirements.6.5.1.6 Flammable SubstancesGarments soiled by sub-stances that represent a flammability risk, such as solve
38、nts,solids, oils and other petroleum products that cannot beproperly cleaned; the presence of a petroleum or chemical odorcan be evidence of a flammable substance.6.6 RepairsRepairs of flame, thermal and arc resistantclothing shall be made using fabrics and components that areequivalent to those use
39、d in the original manufacturing. Prop-erly repaired garments may be returned to service in a FRclothing program.6.7 ModificationsFlame, thermal and arc resistant cloth-ing shall be modified using fabrics and components that areequivalent to those used in manufacturing. Altered garmentsthat differ si
40、gnificantly from original design or function shouldnot be worn.6.8 FitThe fit of flame, thermal and arc resistant clothingsignificantly impacts its protective performance. Garmentsshould fit comfortably and loosely without compromising othersafety considerations. Garments that fit improperly should
41、notbe worn.6.9 Permanent Removal from ServiceGarments that haveunrepairable damage, are worn out, or are unusable for othersafety reasons, are not to be reused.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.X1.1 The individual(s) providing the laundering should beadequately informed of the proper cleaning pro
42、cesses neededto ensure the flame, thermal, and arc resistant characteristics ofprotective clothing are maintained. Normally such advice isprovided by the chemical supplier, however additionally thegarment manufacturer and fabric supplier may have usefulinformation to pass on. For example, if chlorin
43、e bleach is usedin laundering, some types of FR clothing can be compromised.X1.2 Some potentially flammable materials such as sol-vents, oil, and other petroleum products may not be removedby home laundering, industrial laundering, or dry cleaning.When this occurs, use multiple or a combination of p
44、rocesses,such as dry cleaning followed by laundering which may assistin removing the flammable substances.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised tha
45、t determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappro
46、ved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fe
47、el that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F1449083
