1、Designation: F 1469 99 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Guide forConducting a Repeatability and Reproducibility Study onTest Equipment for Nondestructive Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1469; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adopti
2、on or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide describes the steps required to conduct acomplete repeatabilit
3、y and reproducibility (RR) study onnondestructive test equipment. This guide is a manual (use ofcalculator) method. Other methods may utilize the applicationof computer driven software.1.2 This guide can be used to evaluate all test equipmentthat provides variable measuring data.2. Terminology2.1 De
4、finitions:2.1.1 repeatabilityvariation in the values of measure-ments obtained when one operator uses the same gage formeasuring identical characteristics of the same parts.2.1.2 reproducibilityvariation in the average of measure-ments made by different operators using the same parts.3. Significance
5、 and Use3.1 This guide is recommended for the purpose of evaluat-ing test equipment that may be utilized in statistical processcontrol, testing laboratories, and for in-process control ofmanufacturing operations.3.2 Ask the question: What effect does the operator have onthe measurement process? If p
6、ossible, the operators whonormally use the test equipment should be included in thestudy. If operator calibration of the equipment is likely to be asignificant cause of variation, then the operator should recali-brate the equipment prior to each group of readings.3.3 The test equipment should provid
7、e direct readings inwhich the smallest digit is no larger than one tenth of thetolerance of the characteristic being evaluated.3.4 It is recommended that a test equipment repeatabilityand reproducibility study be a mandatory part of all testequipment purchases and that acceptance criteria be 10 % fo
8、rcertification and statistical process control (SPC) use.4. Equipment Certification4.1 Test equipment shall be certified through use of certifiedstandards as accurate to the manufacturers/users calibrationsystems with certified standards before a repeatability andreproducibility study is performed.4
9、.2 Certifications must be traceable to the National Instituteof Standards and Technology (NIST), or recognized equiva-lent, and shall be current to the test equipments calibrationschedule.5. Procedure5.1 Although the number of operators, trials, and parts maybe varied, the following guidelines repre
10、sent the optimumconditions for conducting a study using the forms in Figs. 1and 2.5.2 Select three operators and identify them as Operators A,B, and C.5.3 Calibrate the test equipment with a certified standard.5.4 Select ten parts for measurements and number themfrom 1 to 10, such that the numbers,
11、if possible, are not visibleto the operator. Place a mark on each part to indicate theprecise position at which the part shall be measured. Thiseliminates the variation within the part from the study resultsso that only the gages performance and operator variationinfluences the study outcome.5.5 All
12、ow Operator A to inspect all ten parts in a sequentialorder by measuring each part at the designated location. Enterthe results in the 1st trial column for Operator A of theRepeatability and Reproducibility Data Sheet (Fig. 1). Partidentification and associated data entry shall be performed byan obs
13、erver.5.6 Repeat 5.5 with Operators B and C and enter the resultsin the corresponding 1st trial column for each operator.5.7 Repeat 5.5 and 5.6 using a random selection of the tenparts. Enter data in the 2nd trial column for each operator. Ifthree trials are needed, repeat the cycle and enter data i
14、n thecorresponding 3rd trial column for each operator.5.8 Steps 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7 may be changed to the followingwhen large part size or simultaneous availability of parts is notpossible:1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners andis the direct responsibility of Subco
15、mmittee F16.93 on QualityAssurance Provisionsfor Fasteners.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1469 99.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
16、59, United States.5.8.1 Allow Operators A, B, and C to measure the first partand record their readings in the corresponding 1st trial columnsfor each operator.5.8.2 Allow Operators A, B, and C to remeasure the first partand record their readings in the corresponding 2nd trialcolumns for each operato
17、r. If three trials are to be used, repeatthe cycle and enter the results in the corresponding 3rd trialcolumns for each operator.5.9 If the operators are not available at the same time, thefollowing method may be used. Allow Operator A to measureall ten parts at once and enter the results in the 1st
18、 trial columnfor Operator A. Repeat the measurements in a different orderand enter the results in the corresponding 2nd and 3rd trialcolumns for Operator A. Do the same with Operators B and C,as soon as they are available entering their data in theircorresponding 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trial columns.5.10
19、 Make all necessary calculations on the Repeatabilityand Reproducibility Data Sheet (Fig. 1) and Repeatability andReproducibility Report (Fig. 3). For clarity, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4are provided as examples.6. Analysis of Results6.1 Evaluate the data following the steps on the data sheetsto determine if
20、the test equipment is acceptable for its intendedapplication. The criteria for acceptability is dependent upon thepercentage of part tolerance that is consumed by the testequipment error. Acceptability is based upon the followingcriteria:6.1.1 Test equipment with a repeatability and reproducibil-ity
21、 percentage of 10 % or less is fully capable and may be usedfor certification testing.6.1.2 Test equipment with a repeatability and reproducibil-ity percentage between 10 and 30 % shall be reviewed by aqualified technician. If possible, the testing system should beimproved or replaced; however, the
22、system may continue to beused as is until an improvement is found.6.1.3 Test equipment with a repeatability and reproducibil-ity percentage greater than 30 % is unacceptable. Take imme-diate corrective action to replace or improve the testing system.7. Keywords7.1 repeatability; reproducibility; sta
23、tistical process control;test equipmentFIG. 1 Gage Repeatability and Reproductibility Data SheetF 1469 99 (2004)2FIG. 2 Gage Repeatability and Reproductibility Data SheetF 1469 99 (2004)3FIG. 3 Gage Repeatability and Reproductibility Data SheetF 1469 99 (2004)4ASTM International takes no position re
24、specting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This
25、 standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Inter
26、national Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown b
27、elow.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Gage Repeatability and Reproductibility Data SheetF 1469 99 (2004)5
