1、Designation: F 1494 03Standard Terminology Relating toProtective Clothing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese
2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard defines the specialized terms used instandards developed by Committee F23 on Protective Cloth-ing.1.2 Definitions of Terms, which were draft
3、ed for use only ina single standard, are also included for convenient reference.Under ASTM rules they may become full definitions in thefuture, if they are used in additional standards.1.3 Additional terminology relevant to protective clothingand to the components of protective clothing can be found
4、 inTerminology D 123, D 1566, and D 4805.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD 4805 Terminology for Plastics StandardsF 739 Test Method for Resistance of Protective ClothingMaterials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases U
5、nder Con-ditions of Continuous ContactF 955 Test Method for Evaluating Heat Transfer ThroughMaterials for Protective Clothing Upon Contact WithMolten SubstancesF 1001 Guide for Selection of Chemicals to Evaluate Pro-tective Clothing MaterialsF 1002 Performance Specification for Protective Clothingfo
6、r Use by Workers Exposed to Specific Molten Substancesand Related Thermal HazardsF 1060 Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance ofMaterials for Protective Clothing for Hot Surface ContactF 1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort,Fit, Function, and Integrity of Chemical Protect
7、ive SuitEnsemblesF 1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulationof Clothing Using a Heated ManikinF 1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement onMaterials Used in Protective Clothing Not DesignatedPrimarily for Flame ResistanceF 1359 Test Method for Determining the Liquid PenetrationR
8、esistance of Protective Clothing or Protective EnsemblesUnder a Shower Spray While on a MannequinF 1383 Test Method for Resistance of Protective ClothingMaterials to Permeation by Liquids or Gases Under Con-ditions of Intermittent ContactF 1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical ProtectiveClothi
9、ng Materials to Liquid Permeation-Permeation CupMethodF 1414 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance toChain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective ClothingF 1449 Guide for Care and Maintenance of Flame Resistantand Thermally Protective ClothingF 1458 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance
10、 toChain Saw of Foot Protective DevicesF 1461 Practice for a Chemical Protective Clothing Pro-gramF 1670 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic BloodF 1671 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used inProtective Clothing to Penetration by Blo
11、od-Borne Patho-gens Using Phi-X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a TestSystemF 1731 Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fireand Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal HazardProtective Clothing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:after-flame time, nthe length of time for which a materialcontinue
12、s to flame after the ignition source has been re-moved. (F23.20) F 1358afterglow, na glow in a material after the removal of anexternal ignition source or after the cessation (natural orinduced) of flaming of the material (see also glow).(F23.20) F 13581This terminology is under the jurisdiction of
13、ASTM Committee F23 onProtective Clothing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F23.91 onEditorial.Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 1494 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the AST
14、M website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unite
15、d States.agar, na semisolid culture medium used to support thegrowth of bacteria and other micro-organisms. (F23.40)F 1671analytical detection limit, na number, expressed in units ofconcentration (or amount), that describes the lowest concen-tration level (or amount) that an analyst can determine to
16、 bedifferent from an analytical blank (background level).(F23.70) F 1461analytical technique, na procedure whereby the concentra-tion of the test chemical in a collection medium is quantita-tively determined. (F23.30) F 739anisotropic, adjhaving different values for a specific prop-erty in different
17、 directions. (F23.20) F 1358armhole, nin garment construction, the area of a garmentthrough which the arm passes or into which a sleeve is fitted.(See armscye.) (F23.60) F 1731armscye, nin garment construction, the opening in a gar-ment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (See armhole.)(F23.60) F
18、 1731aseptic, adjsterile, free from viable microbiological con-tamination. (F23.40) F 1671assay, nanalysis of a mixture to determine the presence orconcentration of a particular component. (F23.40) F 1671assay fluid, na sterile liquid used to wash the test specimensurface to determine microbiologica
19、l penetration. (F23.40)F 1671authority having jurisdiction, n the organization, office, orindividual responsible for approving any equipment, instal-lation, or procedure. (F23.20) F 1818back waist length, n in body measurements, the verticaldistance along the spine from the cervical to the waist.(F2
20、3.60) F 1731bacteriophage, na type of virus which infects bacteria.(F23.40) F 1671bartack, nin garment construction, a reinforcement at pointsof strain. (F23.60) F 1731biological monitoring, nthe chemical analysis of chemicalsor metabolites, or both, from a workers blood, urine,fingernails, sweat, b
21、reath, and so forth. (F23.70) F 1461body dimension, n in garment construction, a body mea-surement which can be used to build a sizing system or toselect an appropriately sized garment. (F23.60) F 1731body fluid simulant, na liquid which is used to act as amodel for human body liquids. (F23.40) F 16
22、70, F 1671body measurement, n in anthropometry, a standardizeddistance between two specified points on the humananatomy. (F23.60) F 1731break-openin testing thermal protective material, a responseevidenced by the formation of a hole in the material whichallows the molten substance to pass through th
23、e material.(F23.80) F 955breakthrough detection time, nthe elapsed time measuredfrom the start of the test to the sampling time that immedi-ately precedes the sampling time at which the test chemicalis first detected. (F23.30) F 739, F 1383buddy system, na means of organizing employee workgroups whe
24、reby each participant is matched with another sothat prompt assistance can be rendered in the case of anyemergency. (F23.70) F 1461burn distance, nthe measurement from the bottom edge ofthe specimen to the farthest point that shows evidence ofdamage due to combustion. (F23.20) F 1358burning behavior
25、, nall the changes that take place whenmaterials or products are exposed to a specified ignitionsource. (F23.20) F 1358bust girth, nin body measurement, the circumference of thebody over the fullest part of the breasts and parallel to thefloor. (See chest girth.) (F23.60) F 1731care and maintenance,
26、 neffective cleaning to remove soiland maximize use life of garments while maintaining (notremoving) protective properties. (F23.80) F 1449centerline, nin foot protective devices, a line which extendsfrom the toe of the footwear horizontally along the sole tothe heel vertically to the top of the foo
27、twear, and diagonallyto the point of intersection at the toe. (F23.20)F 1458certification, na system whereby an organization determinesthat a manufacturer has demonstrated the ability to make aproduct that complies with the requirements of the specifi-cation, authorizes the manufacturer to use a lab
28、el on prod-ucts that comply with the requirements of the specification,and conducts a follow-up program to verify the methods themanufacturer uses to determine compliance with the require-ments of this specification. (F23.20)F 1818certification organization, nan independent, third partyorganization
29、that determines product compliance with therequirements of the specification with a labeling and listingfollow-up program. (F23.20) F 1818cervical, nin body measurements, the most prominent boneat the base of the neck. (F23.60) F 1731chain saw, na portable power operated tool used for cuttingwood wh
30、ich has cutters linked in a chain. (F23.20)F 1414, F 1458chain speed, nthe velocity of synchronized movement oflinked cutters around a bar and sprocket. (F23.20)F 1414, F 1458chainstop, nfor chainsaw cut resistance, the resulting actionwhen a material clogs (jams) the drive sprocket or slows thespee
31、d sufficiently to prevent advancement of the chain saw.(F23.20) F 1414, F 1458, F 1818challenge chemicala chemical used to contact a protectiveclothing material sample to determine chemical/protectiveclothing material interactions or compatibility. (F23.30)F 1001challenge suspension, na liquid conta
32、ining an agent that isused to test the penetration resistance of materials.(F23.40) F 1671charringthe formation of a carbonaceous residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion. (F23.80)F 1060chemical protective clothing (CPC), n any material orcombination of materials used in an item of
33、 clothing for thepurpose of isolating parts of the body from direct contactwith a potentially hazardous chemical. (F23.70)F 1461F1494032chemical-protective suit ensemblethe combination of achemical-protective suit (totally encapsulating, splash-protective) with the wearers respiratory protective equ
34、ip-ment, gloves, boots, communications system, and coolingdevice, or some combination of those. (F23.50) F 1154,F 1359chest, nin garment construction, a measurement taken frombelow each armhole seam straight across the garment whileit is laid flat. (F23.60) F 1731chest girth, n in body measurements,
35、 the circumference ofthe body over the shoulder blades, under the arms and acrossthe upper chest. (See bust girth.) (F23.60) F 1731clo, na unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal to 0.155K-m2/W. (F23.60) F 1291DISCUSSIONThe value of the clo was selected as roughly theinsulation value of typica
36、l indoor clothing, which should keep a restingman (producing heat at the rate of 58 W/m2) comfortable in anenvironment at 21C, air movement 0.1 m/s.closed-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in which thecollection medium volume is fixed. (F23.30) F 739,F 1383clothing ensemble, na group of garments wor
37、n together onthe body at the same time. (F23.60) F 1291collection medium, na liquid or gas that does not affect themeasured permeation and in which the test chemical is freelysoluble or adsorbed to a saturation concentration greater than0.5 weight or volume percent. (F23.30)F 1383combustion, na chem
38、ical process of oxidation that occurs ata rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light either asglow or flames. (F23.20) F 1358contact time, n in an intermittent contact test, the durationduring each cycle that the challenge side chamber of thepermeation cell is filled with the test chemical.
39、(F23.30)F 1383crotch, nin anatomy, the body area adjacent to the vertex ofthe included angle between the legs. (F23.60) F 1731cuff, nin garment construction, a finished edge at the end ofeither a garment sleeve or trouser leg created by turning backor rolling up and stitching the fabric. (F23.60) F
40、1731cumulative permeation, nthe total mass of chemical thatpermeates during a specified time from when the material isfirst contacted. (F23.30) F 1383, F 1407cut resistance, n in chainsaw testing, the ability of amaterial, while in contact with the linked cutters, to resist cutthrough of the cutters
41、 of a moving saw chain, independent ofeither jamming or chain stop. (F23.20)F 1414, F 1458, F 1818.cut-through time, n for chainsaw cut resistance, the timerequired for a running chainsaw to effect complete break-through of a protective garment or protective device.(F23.20) F 1414, F 1458, F 1818cyc
42、le time, nin an intermittent contact test, the interval oftime from the start of one contact period to the start of thenext contact period. (F23.30) F 1383decontamination, nthe removal of a contaminant or con-taminants from the surface or matrix, or both, of CPC to theextent necessary for its next i
43、ntended action (for example,reuse and disposal). (F23.70) F 1461drippingin testing thermal protective material, a responseevidenced by flowing of the fiber polymer. (F23.80) F 955ease, nin garment construction, the difference betweengarment measurement and body measurement. (F23.60)F 1731elastomer,
44、na term often used for rubber and polymers thathave properties similar to rubber. (F23.70) F 1461elbow, nin anatomy, the joint that articulates between theupper arm and the lower arm. (F23.60) F 1731embrittlementthe formation of a brittle residue as a result ofpyrolysis or incomplete combustion. (F2
45、3.80) F 955,F 1060, F 1358end user, nfor the purpose of this guide, this term is used toidentify specifically the party requiring protective clothing(for example, the employer of the person wearing thegarment). (F23.80) F 1449Ficks laws of diffusion, nmathematical descriptions of themovement of one
46、type of molecule through another.(F23.70) F 1461finish, na chemical or mechanical modification, or both, ofthe fabric for a specific performance result. (F23.80)F 1449finishing technique, n as applies to laundry and drycleaning procedures, the mechanical means by which thegarment is put in its final
47、 state (for example, pressing,drying, wrinkle removal, and so forth). (F23.80) F 1449fit, nthe quality, state or manner in which the length andcloseness of clothing, when worn, relates to the human body.(F23.60) F 1731flame, nas related to ignition of textiles, a controlled hotluminous zone of gas o
48、r matter in gaseous suspension, orboth, of constant size and shape that is undergoing combus-tion as evidenced by a low-intensity heat source of less than5 kW, such as a burner flame on a gas stove. (F23.20)F 1358flame impingement, ndirect contact between a flame and amaterial. (F23.20) F 1358flamma
49、bility, nthose characteristics of a material that per-tain to its ignition and support of combustion. (F23.20)F 1358follow-up program, nthe sampling, inspection, tests, orother measures conducted by the certification organizationon a periodic basis to determine the continued compliance ofproducts that are being made by the manufacturer to therequirements of the standard specification. (F23.20)foot, nthe terminal part of the vertebrate leg, including theankle, upon which an individual stands (see foot protectivede
