1、Designation: F1494 13F1494 14Standard Terminology Relating toProtective Clothing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1494; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare
2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This standard defines the specialized terms used in standards developed by Committee F23 on Protective Clothing.1.2 Definitions of Terms, which were
3、drafted for use only in a single standard, are also included for convenient reference. UnderASTM rules they may become full definitions in the future, if they are used in additional standards.1.3 Additional terminology relevant to protective clothing and to the components of protective clothing can
4、be found inTerminology D123, D1566, and D4805.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD4805 Terminology for Plastics Standards (Withdrawn 2002)3F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing
5、 Materials under Conditions of ContinuousContactF903 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by LiquidsF955 Test Method for Evaluating Heat Transfer through Materials for Protective Clothing Upon Contact with Molten SubstancesF1001 Guide for Selection of Ch
6、emicals to Evaluate Protective Clothing MaterialsF1002 Performance Specification for Protective Clothing and Materials for Use by Workers Exposed to Specific MoltenSubstances and Related Thermal HazardsF1060 Test Method for Thermal Protective Performance of Materials for Protective Clothing for Hot
7、Surface ContactF1154 Practices for Qualitatively Evaluating the Comfort, Fit, Function, and Durability of Protective Ensembles and EnsembleComponentsF1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated ManikinF1358 Test Method for Effects of Flame Impingement on Material
8、s Used in Protective Clothing Not Designated Primarily forFlame ResistanceF1359 Test Method for Liquid Penetration Resistance of Protective Clothing or Protective Ensembles Under a Shower SprayWhile on a MannequinF1383 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gases through Protective Clothing Mater
9、ials under Conditions of IntermittentContactF1407 Test Method for Resistance of Chemical Protective Clothing Materials to Liquid PermeationPermeation Cup MethodF1414 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw in Lower Body (Legs) Protective ClothingF1449 Guide for Industrial Launderi
10、ng of Flame, Thermal, and Arc Resistant ClothingF1458 Test Method for Measurement of Cut Resistance to Chain Saw of Foot Protective DevicesF1461 Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing ProgramF1494 Terminology Relating to Protective ClothingF1670 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Pro
11、tective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic Blood1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F23 on Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF23.91 on Editorial.Current edition approved July 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2014. Published July 201
12、3November 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20112013 asF1494 03 (2011).F1494 13. DOI: 10.1520/F1494-13.10.1520/F1494-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
13、Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what
14、 changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the
15、official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F1671 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Blood-Borne Pathogens UsingPhi-X174 Bacteriophage Penetration as a Test Syst
16、emF1731 Practice for Body Measurements and Sizing of Fire and Rescue Services Uniforms and Other Thermal Hazard ProtectiveClothingF1818 Specification for Foot Protection for Chain Saw UsersF1819 Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic Blood Usi
17、ng aMechanical Pressure TechniqueF1862 Test Method for Resistance of Medical Face Masks to Penetration by Synthetic Blood (Horizontal Projection of FixedVolume at a Known Velocity)F1897 Specification for Leg Protection for Chain Saw UsersF2061 Practice for Chemical Protective Clothing: Wearing, Care
18、, and Maintenance InstructionsF2101 Test Method for Evaluating the Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) of Medical Face Mask Materials, Using a BiologicalAerosol of Staphylococcus aureusF2300 Test Method for Measuring the Performance of Personal Cooling Systems Using Physiological TestingF2302 Perf
19、ormance Specification for Labeling Protective Clothing as Heat and Flame ResistantF2407 Specification for Surgical Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare FacilitiesF2668 Practice for Determining the Physiological Responses of the Wearer to Protective Clothing EnsemblesF2669 Performance Specification f
20、or Protective Clothing Worn by Operators Applying PesticidesF2733 Specification for Flame Resistant Rainwear for Protection Against Flame HazardsF2815 Practice for Chemical Permeation through Protective Clothing Materials: Testing Data Analysis by Use of a ComputerProgramF2894 Test Method for Evalua
21、tion of Materials, Protective Clothing and Equipment for Heat Resistance Using a Hot AirCirculating Oven3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:acclimation, nphysiological adaptations occurring within an organism, which reduce the strain or enhance endurance of strain,caused by artificially or experimentally
22、induced stressful changes in particular environmental conditions. (F23.60) F2300,F2668acclimatization, nphysiological adaptations occurring within an organism, which reduce the strain or enhance endurance ofstrain, caused by stressful changes in the natural environment. (F23.60) F2300, F2668after-fl
23、ame time, nthe length of time for which a material continues to flame after the ignition source has been removed.(F23.20) F1358afterglow, na glow in a material after the removal of an external ignition source or after the cessation (natural or induced) offlaming of the material (see also glow). (F23
24、.20) F1358agar, na semisolid culture medium used to support the growth of bacteria and other micro-organisms. (F23.40) F1671analytical detection limit, na number, expressed in units of concentration (or amount), that describes the lowest concentrationlevel (or amount) that an analyst can determine t
25、o be different from an analytical blank (background level). (F23.70) F1461airborne exposure pathways, ninhalation routes of exposure to the medical face mask wearer.analytical technique, na procedure whereby the concentration of the test chemical in a collection medium is quantitativelydetermined. (
26、F23.30) F739anisotropic, adjhaving different values for a specific property in different directions. (F23.20) F1358armhole, nin garment construction, the area of a garment through which the arm passes or into which a sleeve is fitted. (Seearmscye. ) (F23.60) F1731armscye, nin garment construction, t
27、he opening in a garment for the attachment of a fitted sleeve. (See armhole.) (F23.60)F1731aseptic, adjsterile, free from viable microbiological contamination. (F23.40) F1671assay, nanalysis of a mixture to determine the presence or concentration of a particular component. (F23.40) F1671assay fluid,
28、 na sterile liquid used to wash the test specimen surface to determine microbiological penetration. (F23.40) F1671authority having jurisdiction, nthe organization, office, or individual responsible for approving any equipment, installation, orprocedure. (F23.20) F1818F1494 142back waist length, nin
29、body measurements, the vertical distance along the spine from the cervical to the waist. (F23.60) F1731bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE), nthe effectiveness of medical face mask material in preventing the passage of aerosolizedbacteria; expressed in the percentage of a known quantity that does n
30、ot pass the medical face mask material at a given aerosolflow rate.bacteriophage, na type of virus which infects bacteria. (F23.40) F1671bartack, nin garment construction, a reinforcement at points of strain. (F23.60) F1731biological aerosol, na suspension of particles containing biological agents w
31、hich have been dispersed in a gas. (F23.40) F2101biological monitoring, nthe chemical analysis of chemicals or metabolites, or both, from a workers blood, urine, fingernails,sweat, breath, and so forth. (F23.70) F1461blood-borne pathogen, nan infectious bacterium or virus, or other disease-inducing
32、microbe carried in blood or other potentiallyinfectious body fluids. (F23.40) F1671, F1819, F1862, F2101, F2407body dimension, nin garment construction, a body measurement which can be used to build a sizing system or to select anappropriately sized garment. (F23.60) F1731body fluid, nany liquid pro
33、duced, secreted, or excreted by the human body.body fluid simulant, na liquid which is used to act as a model for human body liquids. (F23.40) F1670, F1671body measurement, nin anthropometry, a standardized distance between two specified points on the human anatomy. (F23.60)F1731break-openin testing
34、 thermal protective material, a response evidenced by the formation of a hole in the material, which allowsthe molten substance to pass through the material. (F23.80) F955breakthrough detection time, nthe elapsed time measured from the start of the test to the sampling time that immediatelyprecedes
35、the sampling time at which the test chemical is first detected. (F23.30) F739, F1383buddy system, na means of organizing employee work groups whereby each participant is matched with another so that promptassistance can be rendered in the case of any emergency. (F23.70) F1461burn distance, nthe meas
36、urement from the bottom edge of the specimen to the farthest point that shows evidence of damagedue to combustion. (F23.20) F1358burning behavior, nall the changes that take place when materials or products are exposed to a specified ignition source.(F23.20) F1358bust girth, nin body measurement, th
37、e circumference of the body over the fullest part of the breasts and parallel to the floor.(See chest girth.) (F23.60) F1731care and maintenance, neffective cleaning to remove soil and maximize use life of garments while maintaining (not removing)protective properties. (F23.80) F1449centerline, nin
38、foot protective devices, a line which extends from the toe of the footwear horizontally along the sole to the heelvertically to the top of the footwear, and diagonally to the point of intersection at the toe. (F23.20) F1458certification, na system whereby an organization determines that a manufactur
39、er has demonstrated the ability to make a productthat complies with the requirements of the specification, authorizes the manufacturer to use a label on products that comply withthe requirements of the specification, and conducts a follow-up program to verify the methods the manufacturer uses todete
40、rmine compliance with the requirements of this specification. (F23.20) F1818certification organization, nan independent, third party organization that determines product compliance with the requirementsof the specification with a labeling and listing follow-up program. (F23.20) F1818cervical, nin bo
41、dy measurements, the most prominent bone at the base of the neck. (F23.60) F1731chain saw, na portable power operated tool used for cutting wood which has cutters linked in a chain. (F23.20) F1414, F1458chain speed, nthe velocity of synchronized movement of linked cutters around a bar and sprocket.
42、(F23.20) F1414, F1458chainspeed 50 (CS50), nfor chain saw protection, the mean velocity at which cut through occurs. (F23.20) F1458, F1818,F1897F1494 143chainstop, nfor chainsaw cut resistance, the resulting action when a material clogs (jams) the drive sprocket or slows the speedsufficiently to pre
43、vent advancement of the chain saw. (F23.20) F1414, F1458, F1818challenge chemicala chemical used to contact a protective clothing material sample to determine chemical/protective clothingmaterial interactions or compatibility. (F23.30) F1001challenge suspension, na liquid containing an agent that is
44、 used to test the penetration resistance of materials. (F23.40) F1671charlength, nin measuring flame resistance of textiles, the distance from the fabric edge which was directly exposed to the flameto the furthest point of visible fabric damage after a specified tearing force has been applied. (F23.
45、80) F2302, F2733charringthe formation of a carbonaceous residue as the result of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion. (F23.80) F1060chemical protective clothing (CPC), nany material or combination of materials used in an item of clothing for the purpose ofisolating parts of the body from direct conta
46、ct with a potentially hazardous chemical. (F23.70) F1461chemical-protective suit ensemblethe combination of protective clothing with respiratory protective equipment, hoods,helmets, gloves, boots, communications systems, cooling devices, and other accessories intended to protect the wearer from ache
47、mical hazard when worn together. (F23.50) F1154, F1359chest, nin garment construction, a measurement taken from below each armhole seam straight across the garment while it is laidflat. (F23.60) F1731chest girth, nin body measurements, the circumference of the body over the shoulder blades, under th
48、e arms and across the upperchest. (See bust girth.) (F23.60) F1731clo, na unit of thermal resistance (insulation) equal to 0.155 K-m2/W. (F23.60) F1291DISCUSSIONThe value of the clo was selected as roughly the insulation value of typical indoor clothing, which should keep a resting man (producing he
49、at at therate of 58 W/m2) comfortable in an environment at 21C, air movement 0.1 m/s.closed-loop, adjrefers to a testing mode in which the collection medium volume is fixed.there is no change in the volume of thecollection medium except for sampling. (F23.30) F739, F1383 (F23.30) F739, F1383clothing ensemble, na group of garments worn together on the body at the same time. (F23.60) F1291collection medium, na liquid liquid, gas, or gas that does not affect the measured permeation and in which the test chemicalis freely so
