1、Designation: F 1509 94 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Test Methods forDetermining Acceptability of Ribbon Welds in FabricCartridges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1509; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods are for evaluating ribbon welds infabric cartridges that do not contain endless wo
3、ven loops.These test methods apply to ribbon welds made with ultrasonicenergy but do not cover special-purpose welds such as overlapor butt welds. Physical characteristics of ribbon welds and testperformance may be used to predict acceptable function andprinting life of the weld in the finished cart
4、ridge. These testmethods are suitable both for comparative evaluations byend-users and for manufacturing control within the ribbonproduct industry.1.2 Since types of ribbon welds and equipment vary, similarfabric cartridges may not contain the same type of ribbon weld.Any evaluation comparing produc
5、ts from different sourcesshould note this.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulator
6、y limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F 1174 Practice for Using a Personal Computer as a TestInstrument3. Terminology3.1 Definition3.1.1 hot spottingprinted images produced with an inkedfabric ribbon where occasional individual images are darkerthan those around them;
7、 this condition occurs when the amountof ink is not consistent throughout the fabric ribbon.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Fabric ribbon welds can be evaluated on the basis of thefollowing characteristics:4.1.1 Appearance,4.1.2 Width,4.1.3 Alignment,4.1.4 Strength,4.1.5 Printability, and4.1.6 Durabil
8、ity.4.2 Test methods for evaluating welds in these areas aredescribed. These test methods are divided into sections byribbon weld characteristic. Each section consists of a testprocedure, results that can be obtained, and what these resultsmay indicate. Each user must determine the tests that arerea
9、sonable considering the needs and the equipment available.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test methods described can be used to evaluateacceptability of fabric ribbon welds on a comparative basis.Some, though not all, tests may also be used for manufacturingcontrol. The weld durability test is exclus
10、ively for manufac-turing control, since it involves in-process testing.5.2 Users may choose to perform any or all of the testsdescribed, depending upon results desired and equipmentavailable.6. Interferences6.1 Interferences that may impact test results are listed foreach test method to which they a
11、pply.6.2 Weld WidthWeld width is best determined with theuse of polarized light, due to the difference between filamentdeformation and physical property changes (that is, melting).6.3 Weld Strength:6.3.1 The type of welding equipment used and operatortechnique may cause variability in weld strength.
12、 For weldequipment that does not automatically tension the fabric, thetension applied by the operator when securing the fabric in thefixture can significantly alter the weld strength.6.3.2 The type of nylon, thickness, style, finishing, andslitting of the fabric may cause variability in weld strengt
13、h. Inkproperties and level of inking of the fabric also contribute to1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 onBusiness Imaging Products and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF05.02 on Inked Transfer Imaging Products.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Publ
14、ished December 2004. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 1509 94 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan
15、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.variability in optimum weld strength. Such ink characteristicsas oil color carriers, type of solids, if present, and quality ofdispersion
16、may be considered. Samples being compared shouldbe classified as closely as possible and tested under equalconditions.6.4 Weld Printability:6.4.1 Certain types of ribbon welds may cause print defectspeculiar to the type of weld. Some welds are not designed to beoverprintable.6.4.2 Some types of ink
17、formulations and nylon types willbe more prone to hotspotting than others. Hotspotting at theweld could, therefore, be a function of the material rather thanthe welding process. Note evidence of hotspotting elsewhere inprintout.6.5 Weld Durability:6.5.1 The zipper test may not produce meaningful res
18、ultswhen welding certain special-application fabrics (that is, twillfabric that does not have a regular weave pattern).6.5.2 Any short loop length and equivalent end of life can becalculated for a product. However, some cartridge designs willnot function properly with radically reduced amounts of ny
19、lon.6.5.3 Certain cartridge internal designs can induce morewear on a ribbon weld. Any comparative testing of ribbonwelds should use the same design.6.5.4 Different prints (even of the same model), impactadjustments, and print modes will cause variability in amountof weld wear.7. Test Methods7.1 Wel
20、d Appearance:7.1.1 ApparatusHand-held Comparator3and ContrastingPaper, for ease in viewing sample.7.1.2 Advance the ribbon in a finished cartridge until theribbon weld is outside the cartridge. Place the ribbon on a flatsurface and view the weld with a hand-held comparator. SeeFig. 1.7.1.3 Examine t
21、he weld for surface smoothness and unifor-mity. Note glazed or melted appearance that may indicate abrittle, weaker weld. Examine ribbon edges adjacent to theweld for fraying or extraneous fibers (“tails”) produced by thewelding process.7.2 Weld Alignment:7.2.1 ApparatusSee 7.1.1.7.2.2 Weld alignmen
22、t is the result of tolerances on ribbonslit width and physical alignment.7.2.3 Examine the edges of the ribbon weld for properalignment using hand-held comparator, as shown in Fig. 2.Position zero crosshair of printed scale at outer edge of thenylon. Measurement is taken to the inner edge. Amount of
23、offset at PositionA1 is added to the amount of offset at PositionA2 for the total misalignment.7.2.4 Amount of misalignment to be allowed shall bedetermined by the overall width of the nylon being welded andby product application.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at
24、this timeis Bishop Graphics, P.O. Box 6012, Agonra Hills, CA 91376-6012. If you are awareof alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee1, which you may at
25、tend.FIG. 1 Hand Held ComparatorF 1509 94 (2004)27.2.5 Note the direction of the offset edge. Offset edges maypresent an exposed acute angle in relation to the direction inwhich the nylon feeds through the printer and the cartridgedrive system. This situation is shown in Fig. 3(B). There is apotenti
26、al problem of fabric edges catching in the printhead orthe cartridge drive gears during use.7.3 Weld Width:7.3.1 ApparatusSee 7.1.1.7.3.2 Measure edge to edge width of the ribbon weld usinga hand-held comparator. See Fig. 4. Position zero crosshair ofthe printed scale at the outer edge of the weld.
27、Measurement istaken across the weld as shown.7.3.3 The width of the weld may influence durability,depending upon the application. In some cases, narrow weldsmay be prone to fracture during use. Width data may be ofimportance if comparing different types of welds in productsdesignated for use on the
28、same printer models.7.4 Weld Strength:7.4.1 ApparatusTension Gage3,4, mounted on stand withcam clamps for securing ribbon ends.7.4.2 To determine weld break strength, cut an 8-in. samplepiece of nylon (4 in. of nylon on either side of the weld). Clampends of sample nylon in the tension gage as shown
29、 in Fig. 5.Pull down the lever arm at a slow and steady rate until weldbreaks apart. Read the maximum measurement on the dial.7.4.3 Equipment is available for tension testing that is motordriven and does not require manual operation of a lever arm.Testers of the constant-rate-of-extension type that
30、produce adigital display and a load elongation curve may be used. Referto the manufacturers instructions for the appropriate method.7.4.4 Weld strength data may be used for comparisonpurposes and to see variability patterns, recognizing that excessbreak strength may indicate a weld that is beyond th
31、e optimumrange and will fracture sooner. Tensile strength measurementsalone may be an unreliable indicator of impact strength.7.5 Weld Printability:7.5.1 ApparatusPrinter Models, appropriate for productunder evaluation.7.5.2 Using applicable printer model, install the finishedcartridge and run a sel
32、f-test or suitable computer-generatedprint pattern. Refer to Practice F 1174. Run the test for asufficient time period to note any function problems caused bythe ribbon weld.7.5.3 Observe the number of pages printed before the weldpasses the printhead. On some printers, it is possible to see theweld
33、 as the fabric passes from the exit side of the cartridge overto the drive side entrance. This is not possible on productswhere the opening between the cartridge arms is narrow orwhen the printer design hides the ribbon from view.7.5.3.1 When it is not possible to actually see the ribbonweld during
34、printing, carefully examine the initial pages ofprintout until the first weld marks in the print are found. Lookfor voids within characters caused by the pins not penetratingthe weld. Note smears or hotspotting caused by extraneousfibers that have absorbed ink. Using this page interval, examinethe p
35、rintout for print defects.7.6 Weld Durability:7.6.1 ApparatusPrinter Models, appropriate for productunder evaluation. Use ultrasonic welding equipment and spe-cific fixtures for nylon being evaluated.7.6.2 One measure that may be used in manufacturing topredict weld durability is a “zipper” test to
36、determine thatwelding equipment is properly adjusted to produce an optimumweld. The welding operation is interrupted after the first weld.The test is performed before the second weld, or “ironing”operation. The first weld is manually delaminated, separatingthe layers by tearing from one side to the
37、center and then fromthe opposite side to the center. Listen for a sound like a zipperopening. Look for filament fracture only and no torn fabricwhere the nylon was welded. Lack of zipper separation andsound usually indicates that the fabric has been torn and a weldset-up will not produce a durable w
38、eld.7.6.3 Short loop printer testing may be performed to verifyweld durability. Some proportion of the standard quantity ofnylon in the finished cartridge is calculated, as shown in Table1. The proportional run time versus the standard length time isdetermined for the printer test. The shorter lengt
39、h of nylon isassembled in a cartridge and welded. The cartridge is installed4The sole source of supply of the tension gage known to the committee at thistime is John Chatillon fabric ribbon welds; impact printer; impactprinter ribbon; strengthASTM International takes no position respecting the valid
40、ity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subje
41、ct to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquart
42、ers. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard
43、 is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or servic
44、eastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Weld Life Analysis Perception Value RatingPVR No.ADescription1 No visual effect2 Filament fracture3 One hole 3 mm or less4 Onehole3mm4mm3mm6mm10mm6 Worse than PVR No. 5AThis PVR is also used for ribbons greater than12 in. and going into dot matrixprinters.BThis PVR is used for ribbons greater than12 in. in fully formed printers.F 1509 94 (2004)5
