1、Designation: F 1514 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Heat Stability of Resilient Flooring by ColorChange1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1514; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theresistance of resilient floor covering to color
3、change fromexposure to elevated temperature over a specified period oftime.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin
4、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 794 Practice for Determining Permanent Effect of Heaton Plasti
5、cs3D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesE 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Signi
6、ficance and Use3.1 Resilient floor covering is made by fusing polymermaterials under heat or pressure, or both, in various manufac-turing and decorating processes. The polymer material may becompounded with plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers, and otheringredients for processibility and product perfo
7、rmance charac-teristics. The formulation of the compound can be variedconsiderably depending on the desired performance character-istics and methods of processing. See Practice D 794 foradditional significance and use information.3.1.1 Heat stability, which is resistance to discolorationfrom heat, i
8、s a basic requirement for processing and functionaluse.3.1.2 This test method provides a means of measuring theamount of color change in flooring products when subjected toelevated temperatures over a period of time (functional use ofthe flooring product).3.2 This test method is not intended to be a
9、 means ofpredicting the amount of color change that occurs duringprocessing (manufacture).3.3 This test method specifies that a sample is subjected to158F 6 2F (70C 6 1C) for 7 days, and the color differenceis measured by a spectrophotometer and expressed as DE*units.NOTE 1It is the intent that this
10、 test method be used for testing heatstability performance properties to be referenced in resilient flooringspecifications.4. Apparatus4.1 Circulating Air Oven, which can be maintained at 158F6 2F (70C 6 1C).4.2 Suitable Spectrophotometer or Colorimeter with aminimum14 in. (6.35 mm) diameter opening
11、 having both acool white fluorescent (CWF) and daylight light (D-65) sourcesthat measure color in CIE L*, a*, b* using CIE 10 StandardObserver and Specular Included. See Test Method D 2244.When an individual color cannot be totally covered within the14 in. spectrophotometer opening, then the largest
12、 spectropho-tometer opening shall be used.4.3 A suitable holder rack that separates samples a mini-mum12 in. (12.70 mm) in a standing or vertical position.5. Hazards5.1 Cautions:5.1.1 Do not stack specimens while being exposed toelevated temperatures.5.1.2 Be sure each specimen is marked in the corn
13、er and onthe back for easy identification.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.30 on TestMethods-Performance.Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published July 2008. Originally approvedin 1
14、995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 1514 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Wit
15、hdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.3 Monitor temperature during duration of test in oven toensure maintenance of proper temperature.5.1.4 Be sure color measuring equipment is properlywarmed-up and calibrated p
16、rior to use.5.1.5 Be sure specimens are held flat when measuring color.6. Procedure6.1 Cut three specimens from each sample, approximately 2in. by 2 in. (50 mm by 50 mm). All specimens shall be of thesame color, pattern, and texture.NOTE 2White, monochromatic, flat material is preferred for testing.
17、6.2 Obtain and record initial L*, a*, and b* readings on eachof the three specimens with the color measuring equipmentbefore placing in the circulating air oven set at 158F 6 2F(70C 6 1C). Mark the exact initial area of the measurementfor future location in the color measurement equipment.6.3 Place
18、test specimens, positioned on edge, in the racks(4.3) into the circulating air oven at 158F 6 2F (70C 61C) for 7 days 6 1 h. The samples are placed in the ovenparallel to the direction of air flow.6.4 Remove specimens from circulating air oven and recon-dition at 73.4F 6 2F (23C 6 1C) for 1 h.6.5 Wi
19、thin 24 h after reconditioning, obtain final L*, a*, b*and calculate DE* readings on each specimen at the markedposition using the color measuring equipment. Use either thecool white fluorescent (CWF) or daylight (D-65) light source.7. Report7.1 Record the light source used for measurement.7.2 Recor
20、d initial and final L*, a*, b*, and DE* values foreach specimen and report the individual and average DE*values.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Interlaboratory Test Program4An interlaboratorystudy evaluating the color stability of resilient vinyl flooring tothe effects of exposure to heat was run in 1991 t
21、hrough 1993.Six laboratories tested three categories of an experimentalunprinted resilient sheet flooring structure having a 0.010 in.(0.254 mm) transparent top layer containing varying levels ofstabilizers. Exposure to 158F 6 2F (70C 6 1C) heat for 7days was used to provide an accelerated heat agin
22、g environ-ment. Color measurements were made under daylight (D-65)and cool white fluorescent (CWF) illumination. Each categorylevel contained four test specimens randomly drawn from themaster batch of material prepared by a single manufacturingsite. Practice E 691 was followed for the design and ana
23、lysis ofthe data; the details of the test program are being compiled intoa research report.8.2 Test ResultsThe terms repeatability limit and repro-ducibility limit are used as specified in Practice E 177. Theprecision information has been summarized in Table 1. There isa mixture of constancy and pro
24、portionality when the 2.8sindices are compared throughout the test range. It should benoted that in this study measurement of color change correlatedwith the varying levels of stabilization. As a result, this testmethod shows that color stability performance varies as thelevel of stabilization is va
25、ried.8.3 PrecisionSee Table 1.8.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material,method, or laboratory suitable for determining the bias for theprocedure in this test method for measuring the heat induceddiscoloration in vinyl resilient flooring, no statement on bias isbeing made.9. Keywords9.1 a
26、ccelerated test; heat resistance; heat stability; resilientflooring; spectrophotometer4Supporting data have been filed atASTM Headquarters and may be obtained byrequesting Research Report RR: F06-1003.F 1514 03 (2008)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
27、asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any tim
28、e by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will r
29、eceive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM I
30、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or th
31、rough the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Statistical Analysis of Interlaboratory Test ProgramMaterial Stabilization Level DE* AverageRepeatabilityStandard DeviationARepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityStandard DeviationAReproducibilityLimitDaylight (D-65)B High 1.093 0.150 0.420 0.282 0.790A Medium
32、 1.804 0.153 0.428 0.385 1.078C Low 5.885 0.313 0.876 1.467 4.108Cool White Fluorescent (CWF)B High 1.220 0.208 0.582 0.324 0.970A Medium 2.039 0.168 0.470 0.431 1.207C Low 6.636 0.353 0.988 1.671 4.679AA comparison of standard deviations shows the reproducibility value to be approximately 2 to 5 times greater than the corresponding repeatability value. Repeatabilitywithin a laboratory is better than reproducibility between laboratories.F 1514 03 (2008)3
