1、Designation: F 1561 03 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Performance Requirements forPlastic Chairs for Outdoor Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These requirements establish nationally recognized per-formance requirements for Class A (residential) and Class B(nonres
3、idential) plastic chairs intended for outdoor use.1.2 These requirements do not address conditions that affectthe performance of the chair beyond the manufacturing site.1.3 These requirements are not applicable to chaises, mul-tipositional chairs, upholstered chairs, or other types of furni-ture.1.4
4、 These requirements cover the physical performance ofproduct regarding the aspects of outdoor weathering, impact,static load, and rear leg testing.1.5 Products may be manufactured from recycled plastics aslong as the performance requirements are met.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to b
5、e regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th
6、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-t
7、ended for Outdoor ApplicationsD 4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD 5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relat-ing to Recycling and Use of Recycled Plastics3G23Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetalli
8、c Materials33. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 plastic chair, nfor the purposes of these require-ments, a molded, upright piece of furniture with or withoutarms, having a back in a fixed position with no moving parts,intended for seating one person, and having a seat height notless than 15 in. (381
9、mm) and not greater than 19 in. (483 mm);for a chair with arms, having a seat width not less than 16 in.(406 mm) and not greater than 30 in. (762 mm); and for a chairwithout arms, having a seat width not less than 14 in. (356 mm)and not greater than 30 in. (as shown in Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 DiscussionClas
10、s A (residential) plastic chairs areintended for use by the customer in and around the home.3.1.1.2 DiscussionClass B (nonresidential) plastic chairsare intended for use by the customer in all other areas,including those defined as Class A.4. Significance and Use4.1 Tests and criteria as outlined de
11、termine the overallusability and stability of chairs in an environment simulatingthe conditions of use.4.2 Tests simulate two types of surfaces:4.2.1 Smooth surfaces such as linoleum, wet pool decks,etc. The glass testing base (Fig. 2) is used to simulate thissurface.4.2.2 Rough surfaces such as woo
12、den decks, outdoorgrassed areas, etc. The plywood testing base (Fig. 3) is used tosimulate this surface.5. Apparatus5.1 Plastic Chairs, which have been inspected and met amanufacturers internal quality standards.5.2 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Bag,166 0.2 in.(406 6 4 mm) in diameter, which sh
13、all be measured prior totesting to determine stretching, having a total measurement notto exceed 17.5 in. (445 mm) and filled with steel or lead shot(0.09 to 0.12 in. (2.3 to 3.0 mm) in diameter) to a total weightof 1506 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg). The bag shall be fitted with a1These performance requirem
14、ents are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.33 on Outdoor Plastic Lawn Furniture.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F
15、 1561 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this histor
16、ical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.safety cable to prevent it from hitting the glass testing base butshould not interfere with the test.5.3 One Heavy-Weight Canvas or Leather Ba
17、g, identical tothe bag in 5.2; however, the weight is increased by addition tothe bag of 150 6 1.5 lb (68 6 0.7 kg) of either (1) additionalsteel or lead shot, or (2) barbell weights distributed evenly ontop of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 300 6 3lb(136 6 1.4 kg).5.4 One Heavy-Weigh
18、t Canvas or Leather Bag, identical tothe bag in 5.2; however, the weight is increased by addition tothe bag of 250 6 2.5 lb (114 6 1.1 kg) of either (1) additionalsteel or lead shot or (2) barbell weights distributed evenly ontop of the steel or lead shot, for a total weight of 400 6 4lb(182 6 1.8 k
19、g).5.5 Tempered Sheet Glass (as Base), one piece 36 6 0.4-in.(914 6 10-mm) square and clean, 0.38 6 0.04-in. (10 60.1-mm) thickness.5.6 AC Exterior Glue Fir Plywood (as Base), one piece 366 0.4-in. (914 6 10-mm) square sheet, 1.0 6 0.1-in. (25 60.3-mm) thickness.5.7 Poly(Methyl Methacrylate), one pi
20、ece 36 6 0.4-in. (9146 10-mm) square sheet, 0.25 6 0.03-in. (6 6 0.1-mm)thickness.5.8 Polypropylene Microfoam, one piece 36 6 0.4-in. (9146 10-mm) square sheet, 0.76 0.01-lb/ft3density and 0.13 60.01-in. (3 6 0.03-mm) thickness.5.9 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.
21、4 mm) in length, and 3 6 0.03 in. (76 6 0.8mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.5.10 Rear Leg Testing BlockOne block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in length, and 3.75 6 0.04 in. (95 60.95 mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.5.11 Rear Leg Testing BlockOn
22、e block of suitable woodmaterial, 36 in. (0.4 mm) in length, and 4.5 6 0.05 in. (114 61.1 mm) in height, and 6 in. (150 mm) or greater in width.6. Conditioning6.1 Precondition all chairs for a minimum of 48 h at 65 to75F (18 to 24C) and a relative humidity of 50 6 5 % and testsubsequently under the
23、same conditions.7. General Requirements7.1 All plastic chairs meeting the performance requirementsshall be made from polymeric materials that meet the require-ments for outdoor weathering in Section 8 for Class A(residential) or Section 9 for Class B (nonresidential).8. Test ProcedureClass A (Reside
24、ntial)8.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structural damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.8.2 Test each chair in the sequence listed in 8.4, 8.5, and 8.6and is to comply with 11.1 and 11.2.8.3 Weathe
25、rability Test8.3.1 Polymeric material used outdoors shall be exposed forweatherability using accelerated weathering chambers andshall retain at least 70 % of its original testing strength.NOTEa = seat height, chair with or without arms; b = seat width, chairwith arms; c = seat width, chair without a
26、rms; and, d = leg stance,measured from back of front leg to back of rear leg.FIG. 1 Measurements of a ChairNOTEA = poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet (see standard specifica-tions); B = AC exterior glue fir plywood (see standard specifications);C = polypropylene microfoam sheet (see standard specificat
27、ions);D = glass/tempered (see standard specifications).FIG. 2 Glass Testing BaseNOTEA = poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet (see standard specifica-tions); B = AC exterior glue fir plywood (see standard specifications).FIG. 3 Plywood Testing BaseF 1561 03 (2008)28.3.2 Specimens to be tested shall be nor
28、mal 0.125 60.01-in. (3.2 6 0.03-mm) thick Type 1 tensile test barsinjection molded from the same material used in finished chairsor tensile bars cut from finished parts. as described in TestMethod D 638.8.3.3 Tensile TestTest exposed and non-exposed (controlsamples) tensile bars, in accordance with
29、Test Method D 638,at a testing rate of 2 in./min (51mm/min).8.3.4 The specimens are to be exposed according to one ofthe following procedures: (1) 1000 h in accordance withProcedure B of Practice D 2565, using Type B or BH xenon-arc apparatus, (2) 720 h in accordance with Practice G23usinga Type E c
30、arbon-arc weathering device, (3) 1000 h in accor-dance with Cycle A of Practice D 4329, using UVB-313 bulbs,or (4) 2000 h in accordance with Cycle A of Practice D 4329,using UVA-340 bulbs. For Practice D 2565 or Practice G23,the test cycle shall consist of 102 min of light followed by 18min of light
31、 and spray. For Practice D 4329, the test cycle shallconsist of8hoflight followed by4hordark withcondensation. If Practice G23is used, the Blackbody tempera-ture shall be 145 6 5F (63 6 3C).8.4 Static Load Test:8.4.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the cent
32、er of the glass.8.4.2 Apply the 300 6 3-lb (136 6 1.4-kg) bag at a speednot to exceed 6 in. (152 mm)/s to the geometrical center of theseat.8.4.3 Withdraw the weight from the seat after 10 6 1s.8.4.4 Allow 10 6 1 s of recovery time.8.4.5 Repeat 8.4.2-8.4.4 eight additional times.8.4.6 Repeat 8.4.2 o
33、ne time, allowing the weight to remainon the seat for 30 min 6 10 s, and then withdraw the weightfrom the seat.8.4.7 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.4.8 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3)and as near as possible to the center of the p
34、lywood.8.4.9 Repeat 8.4.2-8.4.7.8.5 Impact Test:8.5.1 Position the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.5.2 Position the 150 6 1.5-lb (68 6 0.7-kg) bag at aheight of 6 6 0.1 in. (152 6 2.5 mm) above the center of thechair seat, at rest.8.5.3 Allow t
35、he bag to free-fall onto the center of the chairseat.8.5.4 Repeat 8.5.2 and 8.5.3 nine additional times.8.5.5 Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.5.6 Position the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3)as near as possible to the center of the plywood.8.5.
36、7 Repeat 8.5.2-8.5.5.8.6 Rear Leg Test:8.6.1 Place the chair on the glass testing base (Fig. 2)asnear as possible to the center of the glass.8.6.2 Position the chair with the rear legs unrestrained andthe front legs resting on a rear leg testing block of a widthsuitable to accommodate the chair legs
37、. Height of the woodenblock is determined by the distance of leg stance (see Fig. 1):Leg Stance Block HeightUnder 15 in. (381 mm) 3 6 0.03 in. (76 6 0.8 mm)15 to 17 in. (381 to 432 mm) 3.75 6 0.04 in. (95 6 0.95 mm)Over 17 in. (432 mm) 4.5 6 0.05 in. (114 6 1.1 mm)8.6.3 Lower the 300 6 3-lb (136 6 1
38、.4-kg) bag slowly ontothe front of the seat of the chair, and slide the bag to the rearof the seat, to a position touching the back of the chair. It maybe necessary to temporarily stabilize the chair, but this ispermitted only during placement of the bag.8.6.4 Remove the load after 60 6 1.0 s.8.6.5
39、Observe and report any breaks, cracks, fractures, orother structural damage.8.6.6 Place the chair on the plywood testing base (Fig. 3).8.6.7 Repeat 8.6.2-8.6.5.9. Test ProcedureClass B (Nonresidential)9.1 Initial InspectionInspect each chair thoroughly forbreaks, fractures, cracks, or other structur
40、al damage prior totesting. Any chairs exhibiting structural damage shall not betested.9.2 Each chair is to be tested in the sequence listed in9.4-9.6 and is to comply with 11.1 and 11.3.9.3 Weatherability TestRepeat the steps given in 8.3.1 and8.3.2.9.4 Static Load TestRepeat 8.4.1-8.4.9 using a 400
41、 6 4-lb(182 6 1.8-kg) bag.9.5 Impact TestRepeat 8.5.1-8.5.7 using a drop height of8 6 0.1 in. (203 6 2.5 mm).9.6 Rear Leg TestRepeat 8.6.1-8.6.6 using a 4006 4-lb(182 6 1.8-kg) bag.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Manufacturers name and manufacturing lot number.10.1.2 Number of
42、 chairs tested.10.1.3 Initial observations (8.1 or 9.1).10.1.4 Dimensions (see Fig. 1).10.1.5 Observations and noted structural damage, if any.10.2 For Class A (residential), also include the resultsobtained following the weatherability test (see 8.3), the staticload test (8.4), impact test (8.5), a
43、nd rear leg test (8.6)inthetest report.10.3 For Class B (nonresidential), also include the resultsobtained following the weatherability test (see 9.3), the staticload test (9.4), impact test (9.5), and rear leg test (9.6)inthetest report.11. Performance Criteria11.1 If the chair collapses at any poi
44、nt during the testingprocedure, it shall be reported as a failure whether it recoversor not, and no further testing is required.11.2 Class A (Residential)There shall be no collapse orany visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been teste
45、d inaccordance with 8.4-8.6.11.3 Class B (Nonresidential)There shall be no collapseor any visible evidence of structural damage such as breaks,F 1561 03 (2008)3fractures, or cracks after all of the chairs have been tested inaccordance with 9.4-9.6.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Insufficient data are cur
46、rently available to determinethe interlaboratory and intralaboratory reproducibility of thesetest procedures. Following publication of these requirements, itis expected that sufficient laboratories will become involvedand a round robin will be initiated.13. Keywords13.1 casual furniture; outdoor fur
47、niture; patio furniture;performance requirements; plastic chair; resin furnitureASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the val
48、idity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your com
49、ments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. I
