1、Designation: F 1575 03Standard Test Method forDetermining Bending Yield Moment of Nails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1575; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope *1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining thebending yield moment of nails when subjected to staticloading. It is intended only f
3、or nails used in engineeredconnection applications, in which a required connection capac-ity is specified by the designer.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4、priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines2F 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance Inspec
5、tion3F 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,and Staples33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bending yield momentthe moment determined fromthe load-deformation curve that is intermediate between theproportional limit and maximum load for the nail.
6、It iscalculated by the intersection of the load-deformation curvewith a line represented by the initial tangent modulus offset5 % of the fastener diameter.3.1.2 transition zonethe location of the transition fromsmooth shank to threaded shank on a deformed-shank nail.3.1.3 yield theorythe model for l
7、ateral load design valuesfor dowel-type fasteners that specifically accounts for thedifferent ways these connections behave under load. Thecapacity of the connection under each yield mode is deter-mined by the bearing strength of the material under the fastenerand the bending strength of the fastene
8、r, with the lowestcapacity calculated for the various modes being taken as thedesign load for the connection.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Test specimens are evaluated to determine capacity toresist lateral bending loads applied at a constant rate ofdeformation with a suitable testing machine. The lo
9、ad on thetest specimen at various intervals of deformation is measured.Supplementary physical properties of the test specimen are alsodetermined.5. Significance and Use5.1 Nails are a common mechanical fastener in woodstructures. Engineering design procedures used to determinethe capacities of later
10、ally-loaded nailed connections currentlyuse a yield theory to establish the nominal resistance forlaterally-loaded nailed connections that are engineered. Inorder to develop the nominal resistance for laterally-loadednailed connections, the bending yield moment must be known.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing
11、MachineAny suitable testing machine capableof operation at a constant rate of motion of its movable headand having an accuracy of 61 % when calibrated in accor-dance with Practice E 4.6.2 Cylindrical Bearing PointsAny cylindrical metalmember capable of supporting the test specimen during loadingwith
12、out deforming, as shown in Fig. 1, and having diameter(D) = 0.375 in.6.2.1 Cylindrical bearing points shall be free to rotate as thetest specimen deforms.6.3 Cylindrical Load PointAny cylindrical metal membercapable of loading the test specimen without deforming, asshown in Fig. 1, and having diamet
13、er (D) = 0.375 in.6.4 Recording DeviceAny device with at least a readingof 0.001 in. (0.025 mm) and any suitable device for measuringthe load on the test specimen during deformation.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subc
14、ommittee F16.05 on Driven andOther Fasteners.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F 1575 02.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.08.1*A Summary of Changes section
15、appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Sampling7.1 Sampling shall provide for selection of representativetest specimens that are appropriate to the objectives of thetesting program.8. Sp
16、ecimens and Tests8.1 Tests for smooth shank nails shall be performed oneither the finished nail or a specimen of drawn wire stock fromwhich the nail would be manufactured. Tests for deformed-shank nails shall be performed on the finished nail.8.2 Diameter MeasurementMeasure the actual diameterof eac
17、h test specimen at the midpoint of its length to the nearest0.001 in. (0.025 mm). The nail diameter shall be defined as thediameter of the unthreaded shank for partially deformed-shanknails and shall be measured at the midpoint of the length of nailshank between nail head and transition zone.8.3 Len
18、gth MeasurementThe nail shall be long enough toprevent the nail head or point from bearing on the cylindricalnail supports during application of load to the nail through thetime when ultimate load is reached.9. Procedure9.1 Test Setup:9.1.1 Cylindrical bearing point spacing, sbp, shall be asindicate
19、d in Table 19.1.1.1 If nails are too short to meet this requirement and thenails receive no processing after forming that can affectfastener bending yield strength, such as heat treating or threadrolling, the test shall be performed on wire from which the nailis made.9.1.1.2 If nails are too short t
20、o meet this requirement andreceive processing after forming that can affect fastener bend-ing yield strength, such as heat treating or thread rolling, thenails shall be tested with the largest possible span and the spanand circumstances reported in the report.NOTE 1Experience indicates that test res
21、ults are sensitive to largechanges in bearing point spacing, sbp.9.1.2 The load shall be applied to the test specimen so thatthe center of the cylindrical load point is equidistant from thecenter of each cylindrical bearing point (sbp/2) as shown in Fig.1.9.1.3 Deformed-shank nails shall be placed o
22、n the cylindri-cal bearing points for testing so that the transition zonebetween shank and thread is as close to the midpoint betweenthe bearing points as possible.9.2 Loading:9.2.1 The maximum constant rate of loading, rL, shall be asfollows:rL5 0.25 in./min9.2.2 The procedures described herein are
23、 for static loading.Procedures to evaluate nails for impact or cyclic loads are nota part of this test method.9.3 Load and Deformation MeasurementMeasure the ap-plied load on and deformation of the test specimen from theinitiation of load application and take readings of each atsufficiently frequent
24、 intervals to permit establishment of asatisfactory load-deformation curve except as permitted in9.3.1. Continue the loading until the ultimate load is reachedand the load capacity begins to decrease.9.3.1 As an alternative to establishment of a load-deformation curve, initial tests shall be perform
25、ed to establisha relationship between ultimate load and the 5 % offset value inaccordance with 10.1. The ultimate load only shall then berecorded for subsequent tests.10. Interpretation of Results10.1 The bending yield moment is determined by fitting astraight line to the initial linear portion of t
26、he load-deformationcurve, offsetting this line by a deformation equal to 5 % of thenail diameter, and selecting the load at which the offset lineintersects the load-deformation curve (see Fig. 2). In thosecases where the offset line does not intersect the load-deformation curve, the maximum load sha
27、ll be used as theyield load. The bending yield moment shall be the average ofthe specimens tested.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Tabulated and plotted data on load-deformation rela-tionships or ultimate load and the ultimate/5 % offset loadrelationship in accordance with 9.3.
28、1,FIG. 1 Center-Point Bending Test for NailsTABLE 1 Length Between Nail Bearing PointsNail Nominal Diameter (in.),tolerance per SpecificationF 1667Length BetweenBearing Points (in.)0.099 1.10.113 1.30.120 1.40.131 1.50.148 1.70.162 1.90.190 2.2Larger than 0.190 11.5 times the nail diameter,rounded t
29、o the nearesttenth of an inchLength between bearing points for nails with diameters other than shown inTable 1 are the lengths for the next smaller listed diameter.F157503211.1.2 Physical description of the test specimen includingdiameter and thread characteristics for deformed-shank nails,11.1.3 Lo
30、cation of transition zone for deformed-shank nailsbetween load points,11.1.4 Rate of loading, and11.1.5 Number of replicate tests.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and bias of this test method has not yetbeen determined.13. Keywords13.1 bending yield moment; fastener; nail; yield; yieldtheory
31、ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DERIVATION OF BENDING YIELD STRENGTH DESIGN VALUES, FybA1.1 The nominal bending yield strength shall be deter-mined by the following:Fyb5MySwhereFyb= nominal fastener yield strength, psi,S = effective plastic section modulus (in.3) for full plastichinge (for circular,
32、 prismatic nails, S=D3/6, whereD = nail diameter), andMy= calculated moment based on test load, in.-lbPsbp/4whereP = test load as determined from load-deformation curve,as shown in Fig. 2 or as specified in 9.3.1, lb, andsbp= cylindrical bearing point spacing as shown in 9.1.1,in.APPENDIX(Nonmandato
33、ry Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 This is a test method to evaluate bending yieldmoment of nails for design and is not intended to be a nailmanufacturing test procedure for quality control. This testmethod provides a means for determining bending yieldstrength, FybD, so that the supplier/manufacture
34、r is aware ofthe full requirements for the product being provided.X1.2 In accordance with 6.2 and 6.3, preliminary studiesindicate that loading head and support diameters do not showa significant radius effect on material properties. The diametershown in this test method is based on one of the large
35、r nailsproduced, with a38-in. diameter.X1.3 In accordance with 7.1, the number of samples to testto provide for a representative selection should be agreed uponby the nail manufacturer and customer. Guide F 1470providesguidance in this area.X1.4 Centers of the cylindrical bearing points shall remain
36、in the specified position (spacing) during testing. This can beaccomplished by using a jig described in The Testing ofFIG. 2 Typical Load-Deformation Diagram from Nail Bending TestF1575033Improved Nails, ASTM Materials Research and Standards.4X1.5 In accordance with 9.2.1, the 0.25-in./min load rate
37、shown in this test method is roughly based on one nail diameterper minute. Several European studies indicate that smallchanges in rate of loading do not show a significant effect onmaterial properties.X1.6 In accordance with 9.3.1, the option for establishing arelationship between ultimate load and
38、the 5 % offset valueallows simplification of testing. Once the relationship isestablished with preliminary tests, ultimate load alone can bemeasured and recorded for each test. Periodic verification bythe manufacturer will ensure accurate establishment of 5 %offset design values.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCo
39、mmittee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F 1575 01) thatmay impact the use of this standard (approved October 10, 2002).(1) Paragraph 9.1.1 was modified and Table 1 added. A tablepreviously part of Figure 1 was deleted. This changed thecylind
40、rical bearing point spacing to equal 11.5 nail diameters.(2) Paragraphs 9.1.1.1 and 9.1.1.2 and Note 1 were added andsubsequent sections were renumbered. This addresses an ex-ception to recommendations on cylindrical bearing point spac-ing.(3) Paragraph 11.1.2 was modified to delete “carbon content
41、ofsteel” as information to be reported.(4) The first two sentences of X1.4 were deleted.Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (F 1575 02) thatmay impact the use of this standard (approved May 10, 2003).(1) Column heading in Table 1 was mo
42、dified.(2) Diameter added to Table 1.(3) Section 3.1.3 was deleted and subsequent sectionsrenumbered.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that det
43、ermination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved o
44、r withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel th
45、at your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints
46、 (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Available from University Microfilms, Inc., 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, MI48106, Vol 6, No. 12, pp. 602607, December 1966.F1575034
