1、Designation: F1647 02a (Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forOrganic Matter Content of Putting Green and Sports TurfRoot Zone Mixes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1647; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thepercent organic
3、matter of a putting green root zone mixtureusing a loss on ignition method or the Walkley Black method.These test methods are useful for quantifying the organicmatter content of volume ratio mixed root zone mixes. TestMethods D2974 is recommended for peat and other organicsoils.1.2 The values stated
4、 in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use, nor the disposalof hazardous waste that may be generated. It is the responsi-bility of the
5、user of this standard to establish appropriate safetyand health practices and determine the applicability of regu-latory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionarystatement, see 8.2.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2974 Test Methods for Moisture,Ash, and Organic Matterof Pea
6、t and Other Organic SoilsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Methods3.1 Method AOrganic matter content is determined byloss on ignition (LOI).3.2 Me
7、thod B3Organic matter content is determined bythe Walkley-Black method; a dichromate oxidation procedurewhereby the color intensity of the reaction product is deter-mined colorimetrically.4. ApparatusMethod A4.1 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of105 6 5C.4.2 Muffle furnace, capab
8、le of producing constant tempera-tures of 360 6 10C.4.3 Evaporating dish or crucible, made of high silica orporcelain of not less than 10-mL capacity.4.4 Desiccator,4.5 Aluminum foil, heavy duty, and4.6 Balance, sensitive to 0.001 g.5. ApparatusMethod B5.1 Soil grinder,5.2 Balance, sensitive to 0.01
9、 g.5.3 Sulfuric acid, concentrated (not less than 96 %),5.4 Potassium dichromate, 1 N, made by dissolving 49.04reagent-grade potassium dichromate in water, and diluting to avolume of 1 L,5.5 Spectrophotometer or colorimeter, set at or adjustable to610-nm wavelength.5.6 Standard, 10 000 mg/L as CO2,5
10、.7 Pipets, assorted, capable of measuring volumes of 0.1 to10 mL,5.8 Glassware, assorted, to include 250-mL Erlenmeyerflasks and funnels (75-mm ID), and5.9 Oven, capable of maintaining a constant temperature of105 6 5C.6. ProcedureMethod A6.1 Scoop 5 to 10 g of oven-dried (105 6 5C) soil intotared c
11、rucibles.6.2 Weigh and record weight to the nearest 0.001 g.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 onSports Equipment and Facilities and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF08.64 on Natural Playing Surfaces.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2
12、010. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1647 02a. DOI:10.1520/F1647-02AR10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s
13、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Procedure was based on procedure published in “Methods of SoilAnalysis, Part2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties,” American Society of AgronomyMonograph No. 9, 2nd Ed.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
14、hohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.3 Place the sample into a muffle furnace heated to 360 610C. Leave the sample in the furnace for 2 h.6.4 Cool to 105C, or cover with a piece of foil and cool ina desiccator.6.5 Weigh ash in a draft-free environment to the nearest0.001 g.7. Calculation of Perc
15、ent Organic Matter, Method A7.1 Calculate percent organic matter as follows:LOI, % 5oven2dry soil weight ash weight!/oven2dry soil weight#3 100 (1)8. ProcedureMethod B8.1 Preparing a Standard Curve:8.1.1 Set up five 250-mL Erlenmeyer flasks.8.1.2 Use a pipet to pipet the volumes of standard solution
16、into the flasks, as listed below.mL of 10 000 mg/L CO2% Organic matter000.20 0.90.50 2.21.00 4.41.20 5.38.1.3 Pipet 10 mL of potassium dichromate into each flask.8.1.4 In a well ventilated area, pipet or dispense 20 mL ofsulfuric acid into each flask.8.1.5 Cover the flask and allow the reaction to p
17、rogress for10 min.8.1.6 Add 100 mL of distilled or deionized water to eachflask and swirl briskly.8.1.7 Read the absorbance for each standard at 610 nm andplot a standard curve.8.2 Procedures:8.2.1 Obtain a representative, oven-dried root zone sample.8.2.2 Grind a small quantity of sample until 100
18、% passes a140-sieve (0.1 mm).8.2.3 Weigh out exactly1gofsample (to the nearest 0.01g), and place in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask.8.2.4 Add 10 mL potassium dichromate.8.2.5 Make up a blank sample by adding potassium dichro-mate into an empty flask.8.2.6 Carefully add 20 mL of sulfuric acid to both flask
19、s.Caution: Be careful of the fumes and the heat generated by thereaction. Allow to sit for 10 min.8.2.7 Add 100 mL of distilled or deionized water to theflasks.8.2.8 Set up a funnel with No. 2 or similar filter paper. Pourenough of the solution through the funnel to collect about 10mL.8.2.9 Read the
20、 absorbance of the sample at 610 nm. Refer tothe standard curve to obtain percent organic matter.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Sample identification,9.1.2 Sample condition when received,9.1.3 Percentage organic matter to nearest 0.01%, and9.1.4 Method used: A (Loss on Ignition)
21、 or B (Walkley-Black).10. Precision and Bias10.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramAn interlaboratorystudy was conducted in accordance with procedures of PracticeE691. Three randomly selected test specimens for each of sixroot zone mixes were sent to nine laboratories for organicmatter content determinati
22、ons using Method A, Loss on Igni-tion. The mixes were representative of sandy root zone mixesused on turf grass areas and were mixtures of either (1) sandand peat, (2) sand and soil, or (3) sand, soil, and peat.10.2 Test ResultThe following precision information fororganic matter content is in the u
23、nit of percentage and therepeatability and reproducibility limits, as a percentage of theorganic matter content, is for the comparison of two testresults, each of which is the average of three test determina-tions.10.3 Precision4:10.3.1 Organic Matter by Method A (Loss on Ignition)Test Range from 0.
24、82 to 2.87 % Organic Matter:95 % repeatability limit (withinlaboratory)30 % (25 to 35 %) of test result95 % reproducibility limit (betweenlaboratories)39 % (29 to 54 %) of test resultThe preceding values for limits are the average (and range)for the six mixes. The terms repeatability limit and repro
25、duc-ibility limit are used in accordance with Practice E177.10.4 BiasThe bias for these measurements is undeter-mined because there is no reference value for the materials(mixes) used.11. Keywords11.1 organic matter; putting greens; soils; sports fields4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Intern
26、ational Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F08-1005.F1647 02a (2010)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that deter
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