1、Designation: F 1743 96 (Reapproved 2003)An American National StandardStandard Practice forRehabilitation of Existing Pipelines and Conduits by Pulled-in-Place Installation of Cured-in-Place Thermosetting ResinPipe (CIPP)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1743; the number immediat
2、ely following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This pr
3、actice describes the procedures for the recon-struction of pipelines and conduits (4 to 96 in. (10 to 244 cm)diameter) by the pulled-in-place installation of a resin-impregnated, flexible fabric tube into an existing conduit andsecondarily inflated through the inversion of a calibration hoseby the u
4、se of a hydrostatic head or air pressure (see Fig. 1). Theresin is cured by circulating hot water or by the introduction ofcontrolled steam into the tube. When cured, the finishedcured-in-place pipe will be continuous and tight fitting. Thisreconstruction process may be used in a variety of gravity
5、andpressure applications such as sanitary sewers, storm sewers,process piping, electrical conduits, and ventilation systems.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformational purposes only.NOTE 1There are no ISO standards
6、 covering the primary subjectmatter of this practice.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility o
7、f regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 543 Test Method of Resistance of Plastics to ChemicalReagents2D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics2D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insula
8、ting Materi-als2D 903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-sive Bonds3D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlastics2D 1682 Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics4D 3039/D3039M Test Method for Tensile Properties ofPolymer Matrix Composite Materials
9、51This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 onTrenchless Plastic Pipeline Technology.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Last previousedition approved in 1996 as F174396.2A
10、nnual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.06.4Discontinued: See 1991 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.FIG. 1 Cured-in-Place Pipe Installation Methods1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
11、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 3567 Practice for Determining Dimensions of ReinforcedThermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP) and Fittings6D 4814 Specification for Automotive SparkIgnition En-gine Fuel7D 5813 Specification for Cured-in-Place ThermosettingResin Sewer Pipe6F 412 Terminolo
12、gy Relating to Plastic Piping Systems6F 1216 Practice for Rehabilitation of Existing Pipelines andConduits by the Inversion and Curing of a Resin-Impregnated Tube62.2 AWWA Standard:M28 Manual on Cleaning and Lining Water Mains82.3 NASSCO Standard:Recommended Specifications for Sewer Collection Syste
13、mRehabilitation9NOTE 2An ASTM specification for cured-in-place pipe materialsappropriate for use in this practice is under preparation and will bereferenced in this practice when published.3. Terminology3.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminol-ogy F 412. Abbreviations are in accordance
14、 with TerminologyD 1600, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 calibration hosean impermeable bladder which isinverted within the resin-impregnated fabric tube by hydro-static head or air pressure and may optionally be removed orremain in place as a perm
15、anent part of the installed cured-in-place pipe as described in 5.2.2.3.2.2 cured-in-place pipe (CIPP)a hollow cylinder con-sisting of a fabric tube with cured (cross-linked) thermosettingresin. Interior or exterior plastic coatings, or both, may beincluded. The CIPP is formed within an existing pip
16、e and takesthe shape of and fits tightly to the pipe.3.2.3 delaminationseparation of layers of the CIPP.3.2.4 dry spotan area of fabric of the finished CIPP whichis deficient or devoid of resin.3.2.5 fabric tubeflexible needled felt, or equivalent, wo-ven or nonwoven material(s), or both, formed int
17、o a tubularshape which during the installation process is saturated withresin and holds the resin in place during the installation andcuring process.3.2.6 inversionthe process of turning the calibration hoseinside out by the use of water pressure or air pressure.3.2.7 lifta portion of the CIPP that
18、is a departure from theexisting conduit wall forming a section of reverse curvature inthe CIPP.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers,regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations whoare involved in the rehabilitation of conduits through the use o
19、fa resin-impregnated fabric tube pulled-in-place through anexisting conduit and secondarily inflated through the inversionof a calibration hose. Modifications may be required forspecific job conditions.5. Recommended Materials and Manufacture5.1 GeneralThe resins, fabric tube, tube coatings, or othe
20、rmaterials, such as the permanent calibration hose when com-bined as a composite structure, shall produce CIPP that meetsthe requirements of this specification.5.2 CIPP Wall CompositionThe wall shall consist of aplastic coated fabric tube filled with a thermosetting (cross-linked) resin, and if used
21、, a filler.5.2.1 Fabric TubeThe fabric tube should consist of one ormore layers of flexible needled felt, or equivalent, woven ornonwoven material(s), or both, capable of carrying resin,withstanding installation pressures, and curing temperatures.The material(s) of construction should be able to str
22、etch to fitirregular pipe sections and negotiate bends. Longitudinal andcircumferential joints between multiple layers of fabric shouldbe staggered so as not to overlap. The outside layer of thefabric tube should have an impermeable flexible coating(s)whose function is to contain the resin during an
23、d after fabrictube impregnation. The outer coating(s) must facilitate moni-toring of resin saturation of the material(s) of construction ofthe fabric tube. The fabric tube should be fabricated to a sizethat, when installed, will tightly fit the internal circumferenceand the length of the original co
24、nduit. Allowance should bemade for circumferential and longitudinal stretching of thefabric tube during installation. As required, the fabric tubeshould meet minimum tensile strength requirements in thelongitudinal and transverse directions as specified in 7.1. Allthe material(s) of construction for
25、 the fabric tube should becompatible with the resin system used.5.2.2 Calibration Hose:5.2.2.1 Removable Calibration HoseThe removable cali-bration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic, orimpermeable plastic coating(s) on flexible woven or nonwovenmaterial(s), or both, that do not absorb re
26、sin and are capable ofbeing removed from the CIPP.5.2.2.2 Permanent Calibration HoseThe permanent cali-bration hose should consist of an impermeable plastic coatingon a flexible needled felt or equivalent woven or nonwovenmaterial(s), or both, that are capable of absorbing resin and areof a thicknes
27、s to become fully saturated with resin. Thecalibration hose should be translucent to facilitate post-installation inspection. The calibration hose should be fabri-cated to a size that, when installed, will tightly fit the internalcircumference and the length of the resin saturated fabric tube.Once i
28、nverted, the calibration hose becomes part of the fabrictube, and once properly cured, should bond permanently withthe fabric tube. The properties of the calibration hose shouldmeet minimum tensile strength requirements in the longitudi-nal and transverse directions as specified in 7.1. All themater
29、ial(s) of construction for the calibration hose should becompatible with the resin system used.5.2.3 ResinA chemically resistant isophthalic based poly-ester, or vinyl ester thermoset resin and catalyst system or an6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.8
30、Available from the American Water Works Association, 6666 W. Quincey Ave.,Denver, CO 80235.9Available from the National Association of Sewer Service Companies, 101Wymore Rd., Suite 501, Altamonte, FL 32714.F 1743 96 (2003)2epoxy resin and hardener that is compatible with the installa-tion process sh
31、ould be used. The resin should be able to cure inthe presence of water and the initiation temperature for cureshould be less than 180F (82.2C). The cured resin/fabric tubesystem, with or without the calibration hose, shall be expectedto have as a minimum the initial structural properties given inTab
32、le 1. These physical properties should be determined inaccordance with Section 8. The cured resin/fabric tube system,with or without the calibration hose, should meet the minimumchemical resistance requirements as specified in 7.2.6. Installation Recommendations6.1 Cleaning and Pre-Inspection:6.1.1
33、Prior to entering access areas, such as manholes, andperforming inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation ofthe atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammablevapors or lack of oxygen must be undertaken in accordancewith local, state, or federal safety regulations.6.1.2 Cleaning of
34、 PipelineAll internal debris should beremoved from the original pipeline. Gravity pipes should becleaned with hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocityjet cleaners, or mechanically powered equipment in accordancewith NASSCO Recommended Specifications for Sewer Col-lection System Rehabilitation.
35、 Pressure pipelines should becleaned with cable attached devices or fluid propelled devicesin accordance with AWWA M28.6.1.3 Inspection of PipelinesInspection of pipelinesshould be performed by experienced personnel trained inlocating breaks, obstacles, and service connections by closed-circuit tele
36、vision or man entry. The interior of the pipelineshould be carefully inspected to determine the location of anyconditions that may prevent proper installation of the impreg-nated tube, such as protruding service taps, collapsed orcrushed pipe, and reductions in the cross-sectional area of morethan 4
37、0 %. These conditions should be noted so that they canbe corrected.6.1.4 Line ObstructionsThe original pipeline should beclear of obstructions such as solids, dropped joints, protrudingservice connections, crushed or collapsed pipe, and reductionsin the cross-sectional area of more than 40 % that ma
38、y hinderor prevent the installation of the resin-impregnated fabric tube.If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed byconventional sewer-cleaning equipment, then a point-repairexcavation should be made to uncover and remove or repair theobstruction.6.2 Resin ImpregnationThe fabric t
39、ube should be totallyimpregnated with resin (wet-out) and run through a set ofrollers separated by a space, calibrated under controlled con-ditions to ensure proper distribution of resin. The volume ofresin used should be sufficient to fully saturate all the voids ofthe fabric tube material, as well
40、 as all resin-absorbing materialof the calibration hose at nominal thickness and diameter. Thevolume should be adjusted by adding 3 to 15 % excess resin toallow for the change in resin volume due to polymerization, thechange in resin volume due to thermal expansion or contrac-tion, and resin migrati
41、on through the perforations of the fabrictube and out onto the host pipe.6.3 BypassingIf bypassing of the flow is required aroundthe sections of pipe designated for reconstruction, the bypassshould be made by plugging the line at a point upstream of thepipe to be reconstructed and pumping the flow t
42、o a downstreampoint or adjacent system. The pump and bypass lines should beof adequate capacity and size to handle the flow. Serviceswithin this reach will be temporarily out of service.6.3.1 Public advisory services shall notify all parties whoseservice laterals will be out of commission and advise
43、 againstwater usage until the main line is back in service.6.4 Installation Methods:6.4.1 Perforation of Resin-Impregnated TubePrior topulling the resin-impregnated fabric tube in place, the outerimpermeable plastic coating may optionally be perforated.When the resin-impregnated fabric tube is perfo
44、rated, thisshould allow resin to be forced through the perforations and outagainst the existing conduit by the force of the hydrostatic heador air pressure against the inner wall of the calibration hose.The perforation should be done after fabric tube impregnationwith a perforating roller device at
45、the point of manufacture orat the jobsite. Perforations should be made on both sides of thelay-flat fabric tube covering the full circumference with aspacing no less than 1.5 in. (38.1 mm) apart. Perforating slitsshould be a minimum of 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) long.6.4.2 Pulling Resin-Impregnated Tube into
46、 PositionThewet-out fabric tube should be pulled into place using a powerwinch. The saturated fabric tube should be pulled through anexisting manhole or other approved access to fully extend tothe next designated manhole or termination point. Care shouldbe exercised not to damage the tube as a resul
47、t of frictionduring pull-in, especially where curvilinear alignments, multi-linear alignments, multiple offsets, protruding services, andother friction-producing host pipe conditions are present. Oncethe fabric tube is in place, it should be attached to a verticalstandpipe so that the calibration ho
48、se can invert into the centerof the resin-impregnated fabric tube. The vertical standpipeshould be of sufficient height of water head to hold the fabrictube tight to the existing pipe wall, producing dimples at sideconnections. A device such as a dynamometer or load cellshould be provided on the win
49、ch or cable to monitor the pullingforce. Measure the overall elongation of the fabric tube afterpull-in completion. The acceptable longitudinal elongationshall not be more than 5 % of the overall length measured afterthe calibration hose has been installed, or exceed the recom-mended pulling force.6.4.3 Hydrostatic Head Calibration Hose InversionThecalibration hose should be inserted into the vertical inversionstandpipe, with the impermeable plastic membrane side out. Atthe lower end of the inversion standpipe, the calibration hoseshould be turned inside out a
