1、Designation: F 1756 97a (Reapproved 2002)An American National StandardStandard Guide forImplementation of a Fleet Management System Network1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides an overview and guide for theselection and implementation by shipown
3、ers and operators of aFleet Management System (FMS) network of computer ser-vices in a client/server architecture (see Fig. 1). The FMS isbased upon a wide area enterprise network consisting of anunspecified number of Shipboard Information TechnologyPlatforms (SITPs) and one or more shoreside Land-B
4、asedInformation Technology Platforms (LITPs), which providesmanagement services for the shipping enterprise. The FMS canbe understood as a computer system comprised of one or moreLITPs and one or more SITPs. It can be characterized asmission critical 24 3 365 (24 h/day, 365 days/year).1.2 The SITP (
5、see Fig. 1) provides a set of softwareservices, including:1.2.1 Communications Services, to communicate betweenvessels and with shore via multiple wireless communicationtechnologies;1.2.2 Data Acquisition Services, providing access to ship-board system data as required for use by other systems andma
6、nagement purposes; and,1.2.3 Executive Services, providing software process admin-istration and control.1.2.4 In total, the SITP provides the capability for multipleshipboard computer systems to share data with each other andto communicate with shore-based management or other vesselsor both.1.3 The
7、SITP is understood to consist of integrated hard-ware, software, a data repository, and standardized procedures,which provide the ability to send, receive, process, transfer,and store data or messages in digital form in a common modefrom shipboard systems or administrative utilities or both, andfrom
8、 designated sources outside the network, for example,systems accessed through wireless communication services,such as satellite, VHF, HF, and so forth. Shipboard systemsinclude navigational, machinery control and monitoring, cargocontrol, communications, and so forth. The SITP also willprovide the c
9、apability for the remote administration andmaintenance of associated computer systems aboard the vessel.1.4 The SITP requires an underlying hardware and networkinfrastructure, including a shipboard computer local area net-work (LAN), file servers, workstations, wireless communica-tions transceivers,
10、 cabling, other electronic and optical devices,video display units, keyboards, and so forth.1.5 The SITP also requires underlying system softwareproviding network operating system (NOS) services, DBMSservices, and other system software.1.6 There also is a layer of shipboard application systems,which
11、 are designed to capitalize on the FMS infrastructure toshare data with other shipboard systems and managementashore. Those systems also would be able to capitalize on theremote management capabilities of the FMS.1.7 The LITP is an asset that can exchange operating andadministrative data from indivi
12、dual ships and maintain aDBMS to support fleet management and other maritimeapplications. The LITP will support data repositories, fileservers, workstations or personal computers (PCs), and acommunication hub providing connectivity to distributed sat-ellite services, VHF (very high frequency), HF/MF
13、 (highfrequency/medium frequency), and land lines. The DBMSmakes possible the development of knowledge-based “decisionaids” by providing the ability to retrieve, process, and analyzeoperational data.1.8 This guide does not purport to address all the require-ments for a SITP, which forms a path for d
14、ata for direct controlof the operation or condition of the vessel or the vesselsubsystems.1.9 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units of navigationequipment resident on the Navigation Equipment Bus tooperate and display essential operating data independently ofthe FMS.1.10 In all cases, it
15、shall be possible for all units resident onthe Control, Monitoring, and Alarm Bus to operate and displayessential operating data independently of the FMS.1.11 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units resident onthe Communications Bus to operate and display essentialoperating data independent
16、ly of the FMS.1.12 Values shown in this guide are in SI units.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships andMarine Technology and is the direct responsibility of F25.05 on ComputerApplications.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1997. Published October 1998. Originallypublish
17、ed as F 1756 - 97. Last previous edition F 1756 - 97.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility o
18、f the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:E 919 Specification for Software Documentation for aComputerized System2E 1013 Terminology Relating to C
19、omputerized Systems2F 1166 Practice for Human Engineering Design for MarineSystems, Equipment, and Facilities3F 1757 Guide for Digital Communication Protocols forComputerized Systems32.2 ANSI Standards:4X3.172 Dictionary for Information SystemsX3.172a Dictionary for Information Systems (ComputerSecu
20、rity Glossary)2.3 IEEE Standards:5IEEE 10281988(R1993) Standard for Software Reviewand AuditIEEE 10121986(1992) Standard for Verification and Vali-dation PlansIEEE 45 Recommended Practice for Electrical Installationson ShipboardIEEE 802 Standards for Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworksOverview and A
21、rchitectureIEEE 802 Standards for Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworksInteroperable LAN/MAN SecurityIEEE 802.10e and 10f Supplements to IEEE 802.10IEEE 1003IEEE 1063 Standard for Software User Documentation2.4 IEC Documents:4IEC 50 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV)IEC 92504 Electrical I
22、nstallations in Ships; Special Fea-turesControl and InstrumentationIEC 533 Electromagnetic Compatability of Electrical andElectronic Installations in Ships and of Mobile and FixedOffshore UnitsIEC 945 Maritime Navigation and RadiocommunicationEquipment and SystemsIEC 1069 IndustrialProcess Measureme
23、nt and ControlEvaluation of System Properties for the Purpose of Sys-tem Assessment, Part 1: General Considerations andMethodology; Part 2: Assessment MethodologyIEC 1162 Maritime Navigation and RadiocommunicationEquipment and SystemsDigital InterfacesIEC 1209 Integrated Bridge Systems (IBS) for Shi
24、ps2.5 NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) Stan-dard:6NMEA 0183 Standard for Interfacing Electronic MarineNavigational Devices2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.07.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th
25、 Floor, New York, NY 10036.5Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 088541331.6Available from the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) SevenRiggs Ave., Severna Park, MD 21146.FIG. 1 Typical ArchitectureF 1756
26、 97a (2002)23. Terminology3.1 Definitions: Definitions of terms in this guide anddescribed below are in accordance with Terminology E 1013and ANSI X3.172 and X3.172a.3.1.1 application program, na computer program thatperforms a task related to the process being controlled ratherthan to the functioni
27、ng of the computer itself.3.1.2 application programming interface (API), nan APIis a set of rules for linking various software components of anetwork.3.1.3 automatic information system (AIS), nautomaticdistribution of a ships voyage information to all interestedparties, that is, other ships, port st
28、ate, owner, and so forth.3.1.4 baseband network, nonly one transmission can beon the network at any given time.3.1.5 black box test, nblack box tests are based on thedesign specification and do not require a knowledge of theinternal program structure.3.1.6 certification, nthe process of formal appro
29、val, by anauthority empowered to do so, of arrangements or systems forthe reception, storage, or transmission of data and intelligencerelative to the management, operation, or control of vessels.3.1.7 client server database engine, na commercial database management system serving as a repository for
30、 all criticalship operating and configuration information.3.1.8 computer program, na set of ordered instructionsthat specify operations in a form suitable for execution by adigital computer.3.1.9 computer system, na functional unit, consisting ofone or more computers and associated software, that us
31、escommon storage for all or part of a program and also for all orpart of the data necessary for the execution of the program.3.1.10 configuration manager, nutilities that determinethe data to be collected, the processing and storage rules, thestandard software functions that facilitate the interface
32、s be-tween systems and the FMS process servers and other configu-ration parameters.3.1.11 data replicator/message processor, na softwaremodule that is responsible for receiving, decoding, and storingcommunications and transmissions received from ships. Thismodule also prepares data for transmission
33、to a ship throughthe land-based communications hub.3.1.12 document management system, nan applicationthat allows procedures manuals to be stored and accessedelectronically on shipboard and to be updated electronically.3.1.13 electronic mail system, na messaging and filetransfer system for both ship
34、and shore.3.1.14 fault tolerance, nthe built-in capacity of a systemto provide continued correct execution in the presence of alimited number of hardware of software faults.3.1.15 fleet management system (FMS), na system ofcomputer services in a client/server architecture, based on awide area enterp
35、rise network consisting of an unspecifiednumber of SITPs and the LITP. The FMS can be understood asa computer system comprised of one or many shipboardsystems and one of many shoreside systems. It can becharacterized as mission critical 24 3 365 (24 h/day, 365days/year).3.1.16 independent, nindepend
36、ent as applied to two sys-tems means that either system will operate with the failure ofany part of the other system excluding the source of power.3.1.17 interface, nthe interface attribute describes themethods and rules governing interaction between differententities.3.1.18 integration tests, ntest
37、s performed during thehardware/software integration process before computer systemvalidation to verify compatibility.3.1.19 land-based communications hub, na land-basedcomputer system that provides uniform access to multiplemaritime satellite services, as well as access to public tele-phone networks
38、, e-mail, and the internet.3.1.20 local area network (LAN), na network that con-nects computer systems resident in a small area. For purposesof this guide, the SITP is considered a shipboard LAN withaccess to similar shoreside and shipboard units through radioand satellite telecommunication services
39、.3.1.21 MSATsatellite communications service coveringNorth America3.1.22 multitasking, nthe capability to handle more thanone task at a time3.1.23 NAVTEX, na system for the broadcast and auto-matic reception of maritime safety information by means of anarrow-band direct-printing telegraphy.3.1.24 ne
40、twork interface unit (NIU), nthe network inter-face units (NIUs) provide for connection and message transla-tion to enable data streams from systems, both hardware andsoftware, which may use various standard and proprietarycommunication protocols to be stored and accessed in the FMSdatabase in a sta
41、ndard format.3.1.25 ship information technology platform (computing),nan integrated system of software, hardware, communica-tion links, and standardized procedures that provide the abilityto collect, process, and store information in digital form.3.1.26 ship earth station, na mobile earth station fo
42、rmaritime service located aboard a ship. Typically, a smalllightweight terminal with omnidirectional antenna with inter-faces for a personal computer or any other data terminalequipment for message generation and display, for example,Inmarsat C, or a steerable antenna mounted on a stabilizedplatform
43、, for example, Inmarsat A and B and M.3.1.27 single failure criterion, na criterion applied to asystem such that it is capable of performing its safety task inthe presence of any single failure.3.1.28 software, nprograms, procedures, rules, and asso-ciated documentation pertaining to the operation o
44、f a computersystem.3.1.29 software cyclethe software cycle typically includesa requirements phase, a design phase, an implementationphase, a test phase, an installation and checkout phase, and anoperation and maintenance phase.3.1.30 validationthe test and evaluation of the integratedcomputer system
45、, hardware and software, to ensure compliancewith the functional, performance, and interface requirements.3.1.31 verification, nthe process to determine if the prod-uct of each phase of the digital computer system developmentprocess satisfies the requirements set by the previous phase.F 1756 97a (20
46、02)33.1.32 voyage data recorder (VDR), na store of informa-tion, in a secure and retrievable form, concerning the position,movement, physical status, command, and control of a vesselover the period leading up to a marine casualty.3.1.33 white box test, nwhite box tests require a knowl-edge of the in
47、ternal program structure and are based on theinternal design specification.3.1.34 workstation, na computer and associated visualdisplay unit (monitor) configured as an I/O unit to performcertain tasks.4. Significance and Use4.1 Competent information management is essential for safeand productive ope
48、ration and regulatory compliance. A shortlist of the functions affected includes decision aids for naviga-tion, communications, ship handling, machinery control, cargooperations, maintenance and repair, personnel records, andenvironmental protection.4.2 The shipbuilding and shipping industries have
49、identifieda need to develop comprehensive standards and guides forimplementing computer-based shipboard data managementsystems.4.3 The FMS may include single or multiple SITPs andsingle or multiple LITPs and provides the means to integrateshipboard and shoreside computer systems with multivendorconnectivity, distributed processing, and electronic data inter-change between noncompatible networks, computers, worksta-tions, and peripherals and maintain databases, which promotesafety of life at sea, protection of the environment, andoperational
