1、Designation: F1888 09 (Reapproved 2014) An American National StandardStandard Test Method forCompression-Displacement of Baseballs and Softballs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1888; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes a comparative measurementmethod for baseballs and softball
3、s as defined by a staticcompression displacement test.1.2 This test method is based on a slow rate force-displacement measurement.1.3 This procedure is for baseballs and softballs meetingstandards established by the sports governing bodies.NOTE 1Since the compression-displacement of baseballs and so
4、ftballscan influence the performance characteristics, this test provides a simplemethod to compare and categorize such balls based on force levels in astandardized compression-displacement test.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses a
5、re mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
6、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test
7、Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 baseballs and softballs, nany such ball defined bythe rules of the game as published by the sports governingbodies.3.1.2 compression-displacement, nthe reduction in balldiameter under a specified compressive load between tw
8、o flatplates. Synonymous with compression-deflection.3.1.3 force, nthe resistance to displacement. The interac-tion between test machine and ball during compression.3.1.4 four seams, nplane passing through the middle ofthe ball intersecting four stitch lines.3.1.5 two seams, nplane passing through t
9、he middle of theball intersecting two stitch lines.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The baseball or softball is placed between two flat-platesurfaces of a compression machine and then compressed to astandard displacement of 6.35-mm (0.25-in.). The compressionload (force) applied at the standard displace
10、ment is recorded.5. Significance and Use5.1 The static compression-displacement of a baseball orsoftball is a mechanical property which can correlate todynamic properties.5.2 This test method is suitable for obtaining data inresearch and development, quality control, and classifyingballs by the comp
11、ression-displacement.5.3 Sports associations can use compression-displacementstandards in specifications for official baseballs and softballsstandards in specifications for official baseballs and softballsfor purposes of consistency of performance.5.4 This same test procedure can be utilized with ot
12、hercompressive forces and the specified force is not necessarilythe same as experienced in actual use.6. Apparatus6.1 Compression Device, to compress the test ball betweentwo flat plates to 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) displacement. Compres-sive force to 800 lb (3560 N) is sufficient.Ameans of centeringthe te
13、st ball so that the vertical axis of the ball aligns with thevertical axis of the compression device piston.6.2 Compression Force Gauge, to measure the compressiveload in newtons or pounds. Device must be able to measure atleast 1000 lb (4448 N).6.3 Compression-Displacement Gauge, to measure the dis
14、-placement at the prescribed level of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F08.26 on Baseball and Softball Equipment.Current edition approved March 1,
15、2014. Published April 2014. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F1888 09. DOI:10.1520/F1888-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inform
16、ation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.4 Motor, Drive, and Speed Control, to drive the compres-sion device to 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) displacement in a time
17、of 12to 18 s at a constant rate.6.5 A Steel Tape, 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) wide, suitable formeasuring lengths to the nearest 0.0625 in. (1.5875 mm).7. Conditioning7.1 Ball Conditioning and Test Room Conditions:7.1.1 Test balls shall be stored in an environmentallycontrolled space for at least 14 days imm
18、ediately beforetesting.7.1.2 Temperature is to be maintained at 72 6 4F (22 62C).7.1.3 Relative humidity is to be maintained at between 40and 60 %.7.1.4 Temperature and humidity are to be measured andrecorded hourly within 60.5F (60.3C) and 62 % RH overconditioning and test duration.8. Procedure8.1
19、Wrap the steel tape around the middle of the ball tomeasure the circumference twice over two seams (each mea-surement taken 90 apart) and once over four seams. Recorddata to the nearest 0.0625 in. (1.5875 mm). Average the threemeasurements to obtain the final size measurement.8.2 Orient the ball in
20、the compression press to align thevertical axis of the ball with the vertical axis of the compress-ing piston, and orient the ball so that compression occursbetween ball seams.8.3 Activate the compression press until the upper plate is incontact with the ball with a 1-lb (4.45-N) preload for expecte
21、dcompression values less than 150 lb (667.5 N) 6 5 % and a4-lb (17.8-N) preload for expected compression values greaterthan 150 lb (667.5 N) 6 5 % applied to the ball.8.4 Set the compression displacement gage reading to zero.8.5 Compress the ball to a displacement of 0.25 in. (6.35mm) in 12 to 18 s
22、at a constant rate and record the peak forceapplied at that level of displacement.8.6 Release the applied load, rotate the ball 90 and repeat8.2 8.4.NOTE 2Depending on the materials of construction, the compression-displacement may change with repeated compressions. For this reason, theprocedure is
23、limited to two compressions, on two different axis of the testballs.9. Calculation9.1 Ball compression is calculated as the average of the twomeasured forces required to compress the test ball 0.25 in.(6.35 mm) on two different axis of the ball.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1
24、Name of the test facility and test operator,10.1.2 Test date,10.1.3 Hourly measurements of test conditions, including:10.1.3.1 Relative humidity and temperature of the ballconditioning and test room environments,10.1.3.2 Number of hours ball was in conditioning environ-ment.10.1.4 Test equipment use
25、d for this test method,10.1.5 Test ball information, model, weight tested, and anyother pertinent data such as condition of the ball,10.1.6 Average ball compression in accordance with Section9 of this standard.10.1.7 Any and all unique observations, including but notexclusively, any damage to the ba
26、ll, and10.1.8 Calibration certificate numbers for measurement de-vices.11. Precision and Bias311.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study conducted in 2008. Each of six laborato-ries tested ten different baseballs. Every “test result” representsan individual determinat
27、ion. Each laboratory reported threereplicate test results for the analyses. Practice E691 wasfollowed for the design and analysis of the data; the details aregiven in the research report footnoted above.11.1.1 Repeatability Limit (r)Two test results obtainedwithin one laboratory shall be judged not
28、equivalent if theydiffer by more than the “r” value for that material; “r”istheinterval representing the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operatorusing the same equipment on the same day in the samelaboratory.11.1.1.1 Repeatability limits are li
29、sted in Table 1.11.1.2 Reproducibility Limit (R)Two test results shall bejudged not equivalent if they differ by more than the “R” valuefor that material; “R” is the interval representing the criticaldifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators using diff
30、erent equipment indifferent laboratories.11.1.2.1 Reproducibility limits are listed in Table 1.11.1.3 The terms repeatability limit and reproducibility limitare used as specified in Practice E177.11.1.4 Any judgment in accordance with statements 11.1.1and 11.1.2 would have an approximate 95 % probab
31、ility ofbeing correct.12. Keywords12.1 baseballs; compression-displacement; softballs3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:F08-1009.F1888 09 (2014)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any pa
32、tent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revisio
33、n at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your com
34、ments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyright
35、ed by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-
36、mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Compression (lb)BallAverage,xRepeatabilityStandardDeviation, SrReproducibilityStandardDeviation, SRRepeatabilityLimit, rReproducib
37、ilityLimit, RBall 1 206.65 11.95 22.36 33.45 62.61Ball 2 205.40 13.27 20.52 37.17 57.45Ball 3 206.50 14.68 27.38 41.11 76.68Ball 4 203.47 14.30 19.42 40.05 54.37Ball 5 213.07 14.38 20.01 40.26 56.03Ball 6 211.52 11.04 25.40 30.92 71.11Ball 7 225.49 16.86 27.46 47.20 76.88Ball 8 222.92 12.18 21.43 34.11 60.01Ball 9 220.54 13.63 26.70 38.18 74.76Ball 10 219.45 12.50 25.19 35.01 70.52Average 213.50 13.48 23.59 37.75 66.04F1888 09 (2014)3
