1、 AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 Australian/New Zealand StandardLighting for roads and public spaces Part 5: Tunnels and underpasses AS/NZS 1158.5:2007Accessed by ISONET - CHINA STATE BUREAU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 2008AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 This Joint Australian/New Zealand Standard was prepared by Joint Te
2、chnical Committee LG-002, Lighting for Roads and Public Spaces. It was approved on behalf of the Council of Standards Australia on 23 July 2007 and on behalf of the Council of Standards New Zealand on 10 August 2007. This Standard was published on 31 August 2007. The following are represented on Com
3、mittee LG-002: Astronomical Society of Australia Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association Australian Industry Group Australian Local Government Association Energy Networks Association IES: The Lighting Society Independent Chairperson Ingenium Institute of Public Works Engineeri
4、ng Australia Land Transport New Zealand Main Roads Department, Queensland Main Roads Western Australia National Appliance and Equipment Energy Efficiency Committee Keeping Standards up-to-date Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology and systems. To maintain their
5、 currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, and new editions are published. Between editions, amendments may be issued. Standards may also be withdrawn. It is important that readers assure themselves they are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments which may have been p
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8、 users should contact their respective national Standards organization. We also welcome suggestions for improvement in our Standards, and especially encourage readers to notify us immediately of any apparent inaccuracies or ambiguities. Please address your comments to the Chief Executive of either S
9、tandards Australia or Standards New Zealand at the address shown on the back cover. This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 06743. Accessed by ISONET - CHINA STATE BUREAU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 2008AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 Australian/New Zealand StandardLighting for roads and pub
10、lic spaces Part 5: Tunnels and underpasses COPYRIGHT Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand All rights are reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher. Joi
11、ntly published by Standards Australia, GPO Box 476, Sydney, NSW 2001 and Standards New Zealand, Private Bag 2439, Wellington 6020 ISBN 0 7337 8350 3 First published as AS/NZS 1158.5:2007. Accessed by ISONET - CHINA STATE BUREAU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 2008AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 2 PREFACE This St
12、andard was prepared by the Joint Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Committee LG-002, Lighting for Roads and Public Spaces, to provide performance and design requirements for lighting schemes for tunnels and underpasses. Tunnels and underpasses, including underbridges, are road elements where
13、 simple accidents can have a serious effect on the smooth operation of the associated road network. Lighting design for these elements is essentially to overcome the daylight problems of the black hole seen on the approach to a tunnel portal on the one hand and on the other, shadowing of objects wit
14、hin an underpass. These potential effects result from the, often, high light adaptation of the motorists vision and then may only be overcome by the application of very high levels of lighting in the relevant zones of the structures. Since the structures in question are mainly located on heavily tra
15、fficked urban roads, the specific lighting subcategories are based on the structural design details, i.e. length for tunnels and the degree of see-through for underpasses, and not on traffic characteristics. This Standard is for the use of designers, consultants, owners and operators of lighting sch
16、emes for tunnels and underpasses. However the design of tunnel lighting schemes is complex and involves the use of specialist computer software and should be undertaken only by experienced designers. The design of lighting schemes for tunnels is based largely on CIE 88 and on considerable national e
17、xperience. However the method of determining the light adaptation level of the motorist approaching the tunnel portal (L20) is retained from the 1stedition (1990) rather than the method of the 2ndedition (2004). This is because the given method is complex and untriedthe more simple method of the 1st
18、edition has given very satisfactory results in practice. The day lighting for much of the tunnel is predicated on the L20value in the particular situation. Therefore the luminances of the various elements, in particular that of the sky, making up the relevant field of view of the motorist must be kn
19、own with accuracy. The Standard contains indicative values based on a program of sky measurements and more abbreviated measurements of other structural elements, taken in Australia and those in CIE 88. The design of lighting schemes for underpasses is based on BS 5489-2 (2003) and the method of dete
20、rmining the degree of see-through on considerable national experience. The compliance values of the light technical parameters are the minimum to be maintained through the life of the installation; an effective maintenance regime for the lighting scheme is essential, particularly in the case of tunn
21、els. The values given are the minimum necessary to ensure sufficient safety and comfort. The light technical parameters for the various zones in the structures are based, in general, on the following: (a) The luminance level of the road and walls. (b) The uniformity of luminance of the road and wall
22、s. (c) Limitation of glare from the luminaires. (d) Limitation of the flicker effect from luminaires. Other requirements, such as luminaire IP ratings and maximum acceptable maintenance factor (MF) need to be considered. Accessed by ISONET - CHINA STATE BUREAU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 20083 A
23、S/NZS 1158.5:2007 Information is given on how motorists perceptions are influenced by tunnel design and operation, on mains failure lighting, tunnel signage, tunnel lighting maintenance and on the design brief and compliance documentation. The terms normative and informative have been used in this S
24、tandard to define the application of the appendix to which they apply. A normative appendix is an integral part of a Standard, whereas an informative appendix is only for information and guidance. Accessed by ISONET - CHINA STATE BUREAU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 2008AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 4 CONTEN
25、TS Page SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE 5 1.2 APPLICATION 5 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 5 1.4 DEFINITIONS 5 1.5 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS. 8 SECTION 2 OBJECTIVES AND LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS 2.1 ROAD ELEMENT CLASSIFICATION 9 2.2 GENERAL OBJECTIVE. 10 2.3 DESIGN OBJECTIVES 11 2.4 LIGHTING SUBCAT
26、EGORIES AND THEIR APPLICATION . 12 2.5 LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS . 13 2.6 DESIGN LAMP LUMEN VALUE 14 2.7 COLOUR RENDERING . 14 2.8 ENERGY AUDIT 14 2.9 MAINTENANCE OF LIGHT TECHNICAL PARAMETERS . 15 2.10 BASIS OF COMPLIANCE 15 2.11 DETERMINATION OF STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE 16 SECTION 3 DESIGN OF LIGH
27、TING SCHEMES FOR TUNNELS 3.1 GENERAL 17 3.2 TUNNEL LIGHTING CATEGORIES 17 3.3 LIGHTING OF THE TUNNEL ZONES 17 SECTION 4 DESIGN OF LIGHTING SCHEMES FOR UNDERPASSES 4.1 GENERAL 23 4.2 UNDERPASS LIGHTING CATEGORIES . 23 4.3 LIGHTING OF UNDERPASSES 23 SECTION 5 OTHER LIGHTING REQUIREMENTS 5.1 MAINS FAIL
28、URE LIGHTING . 25 5.2 TUNNEL SIGNAGE . 26 APPENDICES A REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 27 B BIBLIOGRAPHY . 28 C MOTORIST PERCEPTIONS AND TUNNEL DESIGN AND OPERATION. 29 D DAYTIME LIGHTING OF UNDERPASSES. 32 E TUNNEL LIGHTING DESIGN CALCULATIONS PROCEDURES . 36 F MAINTENANCE OF TUNNEL LIGHTING 39 G CONTROLLING
29、OF TUNNEL LIGHTING TO ACCOMMODATE CHANGING AMBIENT DAYLIGHT 41 H DETERMINATION OF THE ACCESS ZONE LUMINANCE L20 .42I TUNNEL LIGHTING SCHEME DESIGN BRIEF 45 J DOCUMENTATION REQUIRED FOR DEMONSTRATING COMPLIANCE OF THE DESIGN WITH THIS STANDARD. 46 K ACCEPTANCE TESTING 48 Accessed by ISONET - CHINA ST
30、ATE BUREAU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 20085 AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 COPYRIGHT STANDARDS AUSTRALIA/STANDARDS NEW ZEALAND Australian/New Zealand Standard Lighting for roads and public spaces Part 5: Tunnels and underpasses SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE This Standard specifies performance and d
31、esign requirements for lighting schemes for tunnels and underpasses. It also specifies the luminaire data and other design data that is needed to facilitate the lighting design and the assessment of compliance with the requirements of this Standard. This Standard does not deal with lighting schemes
32、for underpasses catering solely for pedestrian/cyclist, which are covered by AS/NZS 1158.3.1. Underpasses and shorter tunnels are often designed to carry a mixture of motorized traffic, cyclists and pedestrians but long tunnels typically exclude all but motorized traffic. This Standard is intended t
33、o be read in conjunction with AS/NZS 1158.0, AS/NZS 1158.1.1, AS/NZS 1158.2, AS/NZS 1158.1.3 and AS/NZS 1158.6. NOTE: Computer based design calculation procedures are given in AS/NZS 1158.0, AS/NZS 1158.2 and Appendices E and H of this Standard. Guidance on the design, installation, operation and ma
34、intenance of lighting schemes is given in AS/NZS 1158.1.3. 1.2 APPLICATION Subject to the requirements of applicable laws, the choice of whether to install a lighting scheme in compliance with this Standard and if so which subcategory of lighting is appropriate, rests with the client (usually the ap
35、plicable road controlling authority). In the application of this particular Standard the decision is based solely on the structural characteristics of the road element. 1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS A list of the Standards and other documents referred to in this Standard is given in Appendix A. NOTE: A n
36、umber of additional documents which are considered useful sources of information are listed in Appendix B. 1.4 DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Standard the definitions given in AS/NZS 1158.0 plus those in the supplementary list below apply. 1.4.1 Access zone Part of the road immediately outside
37、(in front of) an entrance portal, covering the distance over which an approaching driver should be able to see into a tunnel. 1.4.2 Access zone length Distance between the stopping sight distance point ahead of an entrance portal, and the entrance portal itself. Accessed by ISONET - CHINA STATE BURE
38、AU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 2008AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 6 COPYRIGHT 1.4.3 Access zone luminance (L20) Average luminance contained in a conical field of view, subtending an angle of 20 with the apex at the position of the eye of an approaching driver and aimed at the centre of the entrance portal.
39、NOTE: Access zone luminance is assessed from a point at a distance equal to the stopping sight distance from the entrance portal at the middle of the relevant carriageway. 1.4.4 Counterbeam lighting Lighting comprising luminaires the luminous intensity distribution of which is asymmetrical in a plan
40、e parallel to the tunnel axis and the main beam of which is directed towards oncoming traffic in a tunnel. 1.4.5 Daylight screen/louvres Device that transmits (part of) the ambient daylight. NOTE: Daylight screens may be applied for the lighting of the threshold zone of a tunnel in order to reduce t
41、he requirements for artificial lighting. 1.4.6 Design speed Speed adopted for a particular stated purpose in designing a road. 1.4.7 Emergency lane Lane parallel to the traffic lane(s), not intended for normal traffic, but for emergency vehicles, or broken-down vehicles, or both. 1.4.8 Escape lighti
42、ng Lighting that is maintained under emergency conditions, e.g. failures in the electricity mains supply. 1.4.9 Entrance portal Part of the tunnel construction that corresponds to the beginning of the covered part of a tunnel or, when open daylight screens are used, to the beginning of the daylight
43、screens. 1.4.10 Entrance zone The combination of threshold zone and transition zone. 1.4.11 Exit portal End of the covered part of a tunnel or, when open daylight screens are used, end of the daylight screens. 1.4.12 Exit zone Part of a tunnel where, during daytime, the vision of a driver approachin
44、g the exit is influenced predominantly by the brightness outside the tunnel. NOTE: The exit zone stretches from the end of the interior zone to the exit portal of the tunnel. 1.4.13 Interior zone Part of a tunnel following directly after the transition zone. NOTE: The interior zone stretches from th
45、e end of the transition zone to the beginning of the exit zone. 1.4.14 Interior zone luminance Average road surface luminance of the calculation field at a given location in the interior zone of a tunnel. 1.4.15 Mixed traffic Traffic that consists of motor vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians etc. Access
46、ed by ISONET - CHINA STATE BUREAU OF TECHNICAL SUPERVIS on 09 Jan 20087 AS/NZS 1158.5:2007 COPYRIGHT 1.4.16 Parting zone First part of the road directly after the exit portal of a tunnel. NOTE: The parting zone is not a part of the tunnel, but it is closely related to the tunnel lighting. The partin
47、g zone begins at the exit portal. 1.4.17 Safety barrier A roadside device that provides a physical restriction to penetration of a vehicle in a way that reduces the risk to vehicle occupants and other traffic. Its purpose is to contain or redirect an errant vehicle. It is used to shield roadside obs
48、tacles or non-traversable terrain features. Occasionally, it may be used to protect people from vehicular traffic. 1.4.18 See-through percentage (STP) Area of the apparent exit portal of a tunnel, as a percentage of the area of the apparent entrance portal, when viewed in perspective from the stoppi
49、ng sight distance from the entrance portal. 1.4.19 Stopping sight distance (SSD) The distance required by a driver, travelling at a given speed, to react and stop. 1.4.20 Sun tight screens Screens that are constructed in such a fashion that direct sunlight can never reach the road or wall surface under the screen. 1.4.21 Symmetrical lighting Lighting comprising luminaires the luminous intensity distribution of which is symmetrical in a plane parallel to the tunnel axis. 1.4.22 Threshold zone First part of a tunnel, directly afte
