1、Designation: F1937 04 (Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Specification forBody Protectors Used in Horse Sports and HorsebackRiding1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1937; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONHorse sports and horseback riding are sports with intrinsic hazards. It is reco
3、gnized that it is notpossible to write a body protector performance standard that will result in products that can protectagainst injury or death in all accidents. It is also recognized that serious injury or death can result fromboth low-energy and high-energy impacts, even when body protectors are
4、 worn. It is furtherrecognized that protective body protectors must be acceptable to the user and to the regulatingassociations or agencies requiring their use. Acknowledging these limitations, this specification wasdeveloped using resources in medical, scientific, engineering, human factors, and bi
5、omedical fields.This specification incorporates many aspects of other recognized body protector performancestandards. This specification draws from work done by others where appropriate for this specification.These standards may be referenced. It should be noted that this specification specifies a l
6、aboratory testof a completed body protectors ability to reduce impacts.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers minimum performance criteriaand describes test methods for body protectors for use in horsesports and horseback riding.1.2 It is not the intention of this specification to bar fromconsiderati
7、on materials of improved quality or performance notknown at the time of development of this specification.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
8、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1045 Performance Specification f
9、or Ice Hockey HelmetsF1446 Test Methods for Equipment and Procedures Used inEvaluating the Performance Characteristics of ProtectiveHeadgear2.2 BETA Standard:3BETA 1.24.4.95 Standard for Horse Riders Body andShoulder Protectors2.3 National Institute of Justice Standard:4NIJS 0101.03 Ballistic Resist
10、ance of Police Body Armor2.4 SAE Standard:5SAE J211 Recommended Practice for Instrumentation forImpact TestsRequirements for Channel Class 10001This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.55
11、 onBody Padding.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as F1937 04. DOI:10.1520/F1937-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
12、For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the British Equestrian Trade Association Ltd., WorthersomeGrange, Bramham, Nr. Wetherby, Yorkshire, LS23 6LY.4Available from National Institute of Justice (NIJ), 810 7
13、th St., NW, Washing-ton, DC 20531, http:/www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij.5Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Terminology3
14、.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Inaddition to terms defined in Test Methods F1446, the followingterms are specific to this specification:3.1.1 backing materialblock of non-hardening, oil-basedmodeling clay in contact with the back of the body protectivetest specimen during impact
15、deformation testing.63.1.2 body protectorsleeveless garment covering definedareas of the torso and lower back and consisting of one or morelayers of material and designed to reduce trauma from bluntimpacts and falls.3.1.3 bust girthmaximum horizontal girth measured dur-ing normal breathing with the
16、subject standing upright and thetape-measure passed over the scapulae under the armpits andacross the breasts: normal underclothing to be worn.3.1.4 calibration impact surfaceimpact surface shall be aflat modular elastomer programmer (MEP). The MEP is 6.0 in.(152 mm) in diameter, and 1.0 in. (25 mm)
17、 thick. It is affixedto the top surface of a flat, 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) thick aluminumplate. The durometer of the MEP is 60 6 2 Shore A.3.1.5 chest girthmaximum horizontal girth measured dur-ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and thetape-measure passed over the scapulae under the a
18、rmpits andacross the chest.3.1.6 deformationmaximum displacement of the backsurface of the body protector, during impact as defined in 9.3.3.1.7 depthdepth of the depression is the distance fromthe original undisturbed surface of the backing material to thelowest point of the depression.3.1.8 impact
19、 surfaceflat anvil specified in 6.3.1.2 of TestMethods F1446 shall be used as the impact surface for theshock attenuation test (see Section 6).3.1.9 waist girthmaximum horizontal girth measured dur-ing normal breathing with the subject standing upright and thetape-measure passed around the body in t
20、he plane of the waist,2.0 in. (50 mm) above the supra-cristal plane which is at thelevel of the highest points of the iliac crests. The dimension of2.0 in. (50 mm) refers to a subject of 70.0 in. (1780 mm) talland should be scaled pro rata with the height of the actualsubject.3.1.10 waist to waist o
21、ver the shoulder lengthmaximumlength measured from the plane of the waist, as defined above,over the shoulder to the plane of the waist. The tape-measurecrosses the shoulder at the mid point between the point of theshoulder and the junction of the shoulder to the neck. Anteri-orly the tape-measure p
22、asses over the chest (or bust) to a point3.5 in. (90 mm) lateral to the midline of the body on the planeof the waist. Posteriorly the tape-measure follows the shortestdistance to a point 3.5 in. (90 mm) lateral to the midline of thebody. The distances of 3.5 in. (90 mm) refer to a subject witha wais
23、t girth of 34.0 in. (860 mm) and should be scaled pro ratawith the waist girth of the actual subject. Normal underclothingto be worn for the measurement.4. General Requirements4.1 Materials:4.1.1 As defined in the ice hockey helmet PerformanceSpecification F1045, all materials used in the fabricatio
24、n of thebody protector shall be known to be suitable for the intendedapplication. All shock attenuation system materials used in thebody protector shall not permanently distort during an expo-sure of at least4htoanytemperature in the range from 5 64to1046 4 F (15 6 2to406 2 C), nor shall the materia
25、lbe significantly affected by exposure to ultraviolet radiation,water, dirt, or vibration. All materials shall be rot-resistant.4.1.2 Materials coming into contact with the wearers skinshall not be the type known to cause skin irritation or disease,and shall not undergo significant loss of strength,
26、 flexibility, orother physical change as a result of contact with perspiration orbody oil.4.1.3 Any material used in the construction of body protec-tors shall not be adversely affected by ordinary household soapand water, mild household detergent, or cleaners recommendedby the manufacturer.4.2 Body
27、 Protector Assembly:4.2.1 Any optional devices fitted to the body protector shallbe so designed that they are unlikely to cause any injury to thewearer or other participants during contact.4.2.2 No rigid projections shall be on the inside of the bodyprotector which could come in contact with the wea
28、rers body.4.2.3 All external projections shall be smooth and ad-equately faired to other surfaces.4.3 Extent and Form of Protective MaterialThe coverageof the body protector listed in Section 5 shall protect thewearers body to the minimum impact requirements of Section7. The extent of protection sha
29、ll include at least all of thedesignated areas shown in Fig. 1.4.3.1 The body protector may have reduced thickness overthe shoulder. When shoulder protectors are fitted, the bodyprotector shoulder strap may not require any included foam.4.4 AttachmentsThe components of the fasteners for se-curing at
30、tachments to the body protector shall not reduce thedegree of protection afforded the wearer by the protectivepadding or cushioning material of the body protector.5. Dimensioning, Sizing, and Body Coverage5.1 The whole circumference of the torso shall be coveredby the body protector.5.2 Dimensioning
31、Body protectors shall have dimensionsas shown in Fig. 1. Dimension A is the mid-value of the rangeof the chest circumferences the manufacturer states the bodyprotector will fit. Dimension B is equal to B = (0.028)A2+ 2.66A 25.81.7Four vertical reference lines defined inBETA 1.24.4.95 are to be used:
32、 C and C separated by 25 % ofDimension A on the chest, and D and D separated by 25 % ofDimension A on the back.5.2.1 The padding shall extend for more than 45 % ofDimension B along the lines C and C (C in Fig. 1).6A backing material found to be suitable is Roma Plastilina No. 1 modeling clayas defin
33、ed in NIJS 0101.03.7This formula represents the mathematically calculated anthropometric mean forthe waist to waist over the shoulder length for chest sizes 21 to 48.F1937 04 (2010)25.2.2 The padding shall extend for more than 60 % ofDimension B along the lines D and D (D in Fig. 1).5.2.3 The paddin
34、g shall extend for a length greater than30 % of Dimension B in the center front (E in Fig. 1).5.2.4 The circumference of the armhole shall be less than70 % of Dimension A (F in Fig. 1).5.2.5 The minimum width of the padding across the backbetween the arm holes shall be more than 30 % of DimensionA(G
35、inFig. 1).5.2.6 The minimum width of padding across the chestbetween the armholes shall be more than 25 % of DimensionA(H in Fig. 1).5.2.7 The maximum depth of the front neck opening shall beless than 15 % of Dimension B (I in Fig. 1).5.2.8 The maximum depth of the back neck opening shall beless tha
36、n 7 % of Dimension B (J in Fig. 1).5.2.9 Padding over the top of the shoulder may be reducedto 50 % of its normal thickness in an area not extending morethan 2.0 in. (50 mm) along the over-shoulder dimension linefrom the top of the shoulder, to the front and to the rear.5.3 SizingBody protectors and
37、 shoulder protectors shallbe marked a size. The size is to be determined by threedimensions of the persons the protector will fit. The dimen-sions are chest girth, waist girth, and waist to waist over theshoulder length.6. Apparatus6.1 Shock Attenuation TestThe apparatus for the shockattenuation tes
38、t shall consist of the following:6.1.1 Guide AssemblyThe spherical impactor shall beattached to the free fall drop assembly carriage by an adjustablemounting that will allow impacts to be delivered to any pointof the body protector. The carriage shall be free to slide onvertical guides. If wires are
39、 used they must be placed under atleast 190 lbf (845 N) tension. The guide assembly shall notweigh more than 2.4 lb (1100 g). The total weight of the guideassembly and spherical impactor shall be 11.0 6 0.25 lb (50006 100 g).6.1.2 Recording EquipmentThe recording equipmentshall meet the following cr
40、iteria:6.1.2.1 Acceleration TransducerA linear accelerometer ismounted at the center of gravity of the spherical impactor andcarriage assembly with the sensitive axis aligned to within 5of the vertical when the spherical impactor is in the impactposition. This transducer shall be capable of withstan
41、ding ashock of 1000 g without damage and shall have a frequencyresponse (variation 61.5 %) over the range from 5 to 900 Hz.6.1.2.2 Impact RecordingThe impact shall be recorded onsingle- or dual-trace storage oscilloscope with 0.1 mV to 20 Vdeflection factor, 1 to 5 ms sweep speed-division and 500 kH
42、zbandwidth, or any digital system meeting or exceeding theserequirements.6.1.2.3 Signal FilteringAcceleration data channel andfiltering shall comply with SAE J211, CFC 1000.6.1.3 System AccuracyThe impact recording system shallbe capable of measuring shocks up to 500 g peak accelerationwith an accur
43、acy of 65%.6.2 Penetration and Deformation TestThe apparatus forthe penetration and deformation test shall consist of thefollowing:6.2.1 Backing MaterialThe backing material shall be inthe form of a single block at least 4.0 in. (102 mm) thick andof sufficient length and width (approximately 10.0 by
44、 10.0 in.(254 by 254 mm) to completely back the body protector to betested.6.2.2 Backing Material BoxA box measuring at least 11.0by 11.0 by 4.5 in. (279 by 279 by 114-mm) with at least a 10.0by 10.0 by 4.0 in. (254 by 254 by 102 mm) square openingshall be used to hold the backing material during pr
45、oduct test.NOTE 1Protective material can be removed from the body protector.FIG. 1 Diagrammatic Representation of the Protective Material in a Body Protector Flattened Out for MeasurementF1937 04 (2010)37. Performance Requirements7.1 GeneralBody protectors shall be capable of meetingthe requirements
46、 in this performance specification throughouttheir full range of adjustment. They shall be capable of meetingthese requirements at any temperature between 5 and 104 F(15 and 40 C).7.2 The velocity of any impact shall be 10.33 ft/s 6 2%(3.15 m/s 6 2 %).7.3 The peak acceleration of any impact shall no
47、t exceed300 g, when test in accordance to 9.2 and 9.3.7.4 When tested according to 9.3, post impact deformationis limited to a depth of 1.0 in. (25 mm).7.5 When tested according to 9.4, blocks of padding in thebody protector must prevent the bars from coming intoeffective contact with each other (wi
48、th only fabric or a zip orother non-protective material between them).7.6 When tested according to 9.5, the force to separate anyclosures shall not be less than 11 lbf (50 N). This requirementshall be met at 73 F (23 C).8. Sampling8.1 Submit at least one specimen body protector for eachsize of a pro
49、tector model. At least five specimens of theprotector model must be submitted for impact testing. Ifprotector models are produced exclusively for children, thelargest size should be supplied.9. Test Method9.1 Impact SitesEach body protector shall be impacted attwo sites. The center of any impact must not be less than 4.0 in.(102 mm) from any edge, and at least 4.0 in. (102 mm) fromany prior impact center.9.2 Shock Attenuation TestPrior to each test, position thebody protector on a support platform so that only the materialthat w
