1、Designation: F 1955 99 (Reapproved 2005)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forFlammability of Sleeping Bags1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1955; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a means to measure the end useflammability, for example, burn rate of sleeping ba
3、gs which usevarious materials and constructions in their manufacture, andprovides labeling requirements to facilitate the identification ofproducts conforming to this test method.1.2 This test method defines the procedures described in theflammability standard CPAI-75 which has been the acceptedstan
4、dard in the sleeping bag industry in the U.S. for over 30years.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describethe properties of materials, products, or assemblies in
5、responseto heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions andshould not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard orfire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fireconditions. However, results of this test may be used aselements of a fire-risk assessment which takes int
6、o account allof the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the firehazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
7、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles2.2 Industrial Fabrics Association International Standard:3Specification C
8、PAI-75 A Rate of Burn Standard for Sleep-ing Bags3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 burn rate, nthe distance traveled by a flame on aburning material or product during a specified time underspecified conditions.3.1.2 sleeping bag, na structure made of down, syntheticfiberfill, shell fabrics, and/or
9、 other materials that is designed forthermal protection while sleeping (for example, outdoors, tent,cabin).3.2 For definitions of other textile or flammability terminol-ogy used in this test method, see Terminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Ten specimens are cut from individual sleeping bag
10、s ora physically accurate facsimile. Five are laundered three timesin accordance with the manufacturers instructions. Each of thespecimens are then placed in a special apparatus. A standard-ized flame is applied to the folded edge for a specified timeunder controlled conditions and the burn rate is
11、calculated todetermine if the specimens meet specification requirements.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for theacceptance of commercial shipments of sleeping bags sincethis test method has been used extensively in the trade foracceptance.5.2 Many fabrics due to
12、 physical makeup or the finishingprocesses are combustible to some degree. Some combustiblefabrics when used for sleeping bags are potentially dangerousto the user because of ease of ignition and burn rate. One ofthese characteristics can be measured with this test method. Itmust be understood, howe
13、ver, that no guarantee can be givenand none is implied that sleeping bags achieving this standardfor flammability will not be hazardous under certain condi-tions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on SportsEquipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Su
14、bcommittee F08.22 onCamping Softgoods.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originallyapproved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F 1955 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. Fo
15、r Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Support for Specification CPA175 is to be discontinued by the IndustrialFabrics Association International and replaced with Test Method F 1955.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr H
16、arbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.3 Finishes and fabric surface changes can exert a largeeffect on flammability. Therefore, sleeping bags are testedbefore as well as after laundering or dry cleaning in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.5.4 This t
17、est method is applicable to all sleeping bags.6. Sampling6.1 Lot SizeA lot shall be considered the size of thecontract between the buyer and the supplier unless otherwiseagreed upon between the supplier and the buyer.6.2 All specimens should be selected randomly from the lot.6.3 Sample UnitA sample
18、unit shall consist of ten speci-mens.7. Conditions for Testing7.1 Tests to determine the burn rate shall be preformedunder or upon immediate removal from standard atmosphericconditions and on specimens in moisture equilibrium understandard atmospheric conditions as stated in Practice D 1776 asrelate
19、d to textile test specimens.7.2 All testing shall be performed in a draft-free environ-ment.8. Apparatus and Materials8.1 Test ChamberA test chamber similar to that shown inFig. 1 shall be used under or in some type of exhaust or fumehood to allow for the venting of the fumes and smokeassociated wit
20、h the test method.8.2 Support FrameA support frame conforming to Fig. 2shall be used. It shall be constructed of 3-mm (18-in.) steel.8.3 HoldDown PlateA hold down plate conforming toFig. 3 shall be used. It shall be constructed of 3-mm (18-in.)steel.8.4 Spacers and ClampsA spacer and clamping arrang
21、e-ment shall be used which is capable of positioning thehold-down plate with its bottom surface 25 mm (1 in.) abovethe top surface of the support frame, so that it will hold the testspecimen at a 25 mm (1 in.) thickness on the two sides and theback.8.5 Thread#50 white mercerized cotton thread.8.6 Ta
22、pe, for fastening the thread to the frame. (Alternatemethods of accomplishing this, such as small clips, may also beused.)8.7 Weights, for attachment to the timing threads (see Note1).NOTE 1Small clamp-type paper clips work well as weights.8.8 BurnerA Bunsen burner with a tube 10 mm (38 in.) ininsid
23、e diameter shall be used. The gas adjusting valve is set toprovide a flame, with the tube vertical, 38 mm (112 in.) inheight. The air inlet to the burner is closed.8.9 GasThe gas used shall be methane gas of a technicalgrade of 97 % pure or better.8.10 StopwatchA stopwatch or other timing device sha
24、llbe used which is capable of measuring the burning time to0.2 s.9. Preparation and Conditioning of Test Specimens9.1 SpecimenThe specimen shall be taken from the sleep-ing bag as shown in Fig. 4 and shall have a finished size of 30by 36 cm (12 by 14 in.). In the event that it is impossible to cutan
25、 actual sample from a sleeping bag due to its construction, a30 by 71-cm (12 by 28-in.) facsimile may be constructed andfolded. All components shall be used in their correct positionsand amounts.9.2 LaunderingFive of the ten specimens tested shall belaundered and dried three times in accordance with
26、 theprocedures recommended by the manufacturer.9.3 CompressionSamples shall be compressed to one halftheir original loft for 24 h prior to testing (see Note 2).FIG. 1 Test CabinetF 1955 99 (2005)2NOTE 2An easy method of accomplishing this is to stack a number ofspecimens in a box and compress them a
27、ll to half their original heightunder a board or plate held down by pins through the side of the box, andso forth.9.4 Re-LoftingFollowing the 24-h compression period,the specimens shall be allowed a minimum of1htoregaintheir loft before tests are conducted.10. Procedure10.1 Mount the specimen horizo
28、ntally on the support framewith the sewn sides and end held at 2.5-cm (1-in.) thickness bythe U-shaped hold-down frame, spacers, and clamps with thefolded end of the specimen positioned at the open end of theU-shaped frame.10.2 Attach two #50 white mercerized cotton threads to oneedge of the frame a
29、t points 3.8 cm (112 in.) and 28 cm (1112in.) back from the open end, for example, with 25 cm (10 in.)in between, and stretch across the specimen, attaching smallweights to the overhanging ends of the threads. Timing willbegin and end as the respective threads burn through and theirweights drop.10.3
30、 With the flame adjusted as in 8.9 and the frame withmounted specimen in the test chamber, position the burner sothat the center of the burner tip is 1.9 cm (34 in.) below thecenter of the edge of the exposed end of the specimen.10.4 Lower the test chamber door.10.5 Expose the specimen to the flame
31、for 30 s to forceignition (see Section 11).10.6 Begin timing when the flame spread burns through thefirst thread causing the weights to fall. Continue timing untilthe flame spread burns through the second thread causing theweights to fall or the flame extinguishes itself before reachingthe second th
32、read. Stop the timing at this point.10.7 The technician conducting this test method shall noteon the report the amount of time which has elapsed and thedistance that the flame has traveled. Repeat these proceduresfor the remaining nine test specimens.11. Interferences11.1 DraftUncontrolled air movem
33、ent within the testchamber while tests are being performed can impact the testresults severely, as noted in 7.2.FIG. 2 Support FrameF 1955 99 (2005)311.1.1 The most reproducible results are produced when thefan in the fume or exhaust hood is turned off, or down if avariable speed fan is used, during
34、 the 30-s ignition period.11.1.2 If exhaust of the fumes becomes necessary during theactual burn time, the technician shall watch for any visiblechanges in the flaming, or increased burn rates, and either turnthe fan down or off as necessary to avoid incorrect test results.12. Calculation12.1 Burn R
35、ateTo calculate the burn rate use the follow-ing formula:burn rate 5 60 3 D 4 T! (1)where:D = distance the flame travels, cm (in.), andT = time for the flame to travel D cm (in.), s.13. Report13.1 Performance RequirementsWhen subjected to thetest described in Section 10, the average burn rate shall
36、notexceed 15 cm/min (6 in./min). No individual specimen shallhave a burn rate of more than 20 cm (8 in.).13.2 Test ResultsThe results of the test shall be given in apass/fail statement.13.3 Labeling of Sleeping BagA label or labels shall bepermanently affixed to each sleeping bag containing the fol-
37、lowing information:13.3.1 CertificationA statement that this sleeping bagconforms to the requirements of ASTM Test Method F 1955.13.3.2 NOTESLEEPING BAGS WILL BURN. KEEPAWAY FROM FIRE SOURCES.14. Precision and Bias14.1 PrecisionWhen tested in conformance to the criteriafor certification as stated in
38、 the procedure, no justifiablestatements can be made on the precision of this test methodsince the test results are pass/fail.14.2 BiasThe true value of the flammability of a sleepingbag can only be described in the terms of a test method. Withinthis limitation, this test method has no known bias.FI
39、G. 3 Hold-Down PlateF 1955 99 (2005)415. Keywords15.1 burn rate; flammability; sleeping bagASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination
40、 of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdraw
41、n. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your co
42、mments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).FIG. 4 Test SpecimenF 1955 99 (2005)5
