1、Designation: F 2035 00 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forMeasuring the Dark Stability of Ink Jet Prints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes an accelerated procedure in-tended to determine the dark stability of ink jet prints.1.2 This st
3、andard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1
4、 ASTM Standards:2D 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinates2.2 ANSI Standards:ANSI/NAPM IT9.91990 Stability of Color PhotographicImagesMethods for Measuring33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 ink jet media, nrecording eleme
5、nts used by ink jetprinters to receive inks. The substrate may be paper, plastic,canvas, fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substratemay, or may not, be coated with an ink receptive layer(s).3.1.2 single accelerated test, ndark stability testing at asingle set of environmental conditions,
6、for example 50C and50 % relative humidity (RH).4. Summary of Practice4.1 Printed test samples are covered with a polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) sleeve4to simulate an album, or with asample of the same sample type to simulate a stack of prints,and placed in foil-lined bags. Air is forced out of the
7、bags andthe bags are sealed. The bags are placed in dark recirculatingforced-air environmental chambers at 50C/50 % RH and24C/50 % RH and the color change of the samples is thenmeasured over time.NOTE 1The foil bags serve several purposes: they protect thesamples, they prevent any outgassing from th
8、e samples from contaminat-ing other samples in the test chamber, and they ensure contact of the PETor receiver to the samples.4.2 The duration of the incubation may vary widely depend-ing on the dark stability of the ink/media.4.3 During the course of the test, the color changes in theprinted sample
9、s are periodically evaluated instrumentally. Re-sults are compared to a control incubated at room conditionsand to the same specimen prior to incubation. The color changeis reported as percent retained optical density and colordifference, DE.4.4 The test may be continued for a specific duration of t
10、imeor until a predetermined color difference has been achieved.5. Significance and Use5.1 Dark stability of printed ink jet media for specifiedperiods of time is pertinent to the end use of these materials.While natural aging is the most reliable method of assessingimage stability, the length of tim
11、e required makes this practiceimpractical for most materials. As a result, accelerated testsoften are used. This practice is an accelerated short-termstorage practice that simulates long-term storage but at el-evated temperature. It provides faster results and is intended toidentify problems that ma
12、y occur over extended time periods.A room condition sample also is tracked to provide practicaldata. Because testing is done at a single set of conditions, it isnot intended to be a long-term predictor as achieved throughArrhenius testing.NOTE 2The results from single accelerated tests can lead to i
13、naccu-rate results. This procedure should be used only for early-screeninginformation in side-by-side comparisons only. Arrhenius testing, which isbased on mathematical extrapolation of a series of high temperature teststo room temperature, is a better predictor of a products stability.55.1.1 Since
14、the ability of an ink jet print to withstand colorchanges is a function of temperature and humidity, it is1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition appr
15、oved Jan. 1, 2006. Published January 2006. Originallyapproved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as F 2035 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re
16、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Kodak Image Sleeve Cat. 1600733.5S. Anderson and D. Kopperl, “Limitations of Accelerated Image StabilityTesting,” Journal of Imagi
17、ng Science and Technology, 37: 363373 (1993).1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.important that dark stability be assessed under the conditionsappropriate to the end use application. While ink jet prints maybe handled and
18、 displayed under a variety of conditions, this testpractice is intended to produce the color changes that mayoccur in ink jet prints upon dark exposure in typical officeenvironments.5.1.2 The accelerated procedure described in this test prac-tice is intended to provide a means for the rapid evaluati
19、on ofdark stability under laboratory conditions. Test results areuseful for specification acceptance between producer and user,for quality control, and for research and product development.5.1.3 Color changes are not a linear function of duration ofincubation. The preferred method of determining dar
20、k stabilityis to incubate the prints for a number of intervals, and to assessthe exposure time required to obtain a specific color difference.6. Interferences6.1 It is recognized that the rate of dark fade of ink jet printswill vary because of factors, such as initial color density, thearea printed
21、(solid versus half-tone), the substrate, the ink type(dye versus pigment inks), and the coating type and thickness.Consequently, test results must be determined individually foreach printed recording element.6.2 The rate of dye degradation is temperature dependent: athigh temperatures, the chemical
22、reactions that lead to dye lossare accelerated; however, at temperatures above 50C, dotspread may occur resulting in an apparent increase in density.6.3 While ink jet images may be stored at relative humidi-ties of greater than 50 % in many parts of the world, thecombination of high temperatures use
23、d for accelerated testingand high humidity may produce effects that would never occurin actual use.7. Apparatus7.1 Recirculating Forced-Air Environmental Chambers,PET and foil-lined bags.68. Test Specimen8.1 The substrate, method of printing, ink, ink laydown, andhandling of printed specimens shall
24、be consistent with theanticipated end use of the specimens.8.2 The test image may be generated with personal com-puter word processing, drawing/graphics, or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each printer/method of printing(contributing its unique ink and ink/receiver interactions that
25、may impact on the image light stability), trial-printed, andevaluated for appropriate ink letdown (purity and amount) andease of printing and testing. Each print file should have itsfilename, type, and version identified in the image area and aplace for experimental notes, for example, time, printer
26、,environmental conditions, operator. The printer settings and atrial print of each print file version should be archived.8.3 The recommended test image should consist of colorpatches printed using print files containing the appropriateprinter setup specific for each application. The color patchessho
27、uld be printed at 1.0 density and include each of the primarycolors (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black), secondary colors(red, green, and blue), and composite black (cyan plus magentaplus yellow).8.4 For instrumental evaluation, the color patch must belarge enough to cover the specimen port; a minimu
28、m size of1-14 in.2(35 mm2) is satisfactory for many instruments.8.5 Potential variables, such as temperature, relative humid-ity, must be monitored and controlled to guard against sampleinduced changes.9. Conditioning9.1 It is recommended that samples be conditioned at 25Cand 45 % RH for at least 24
29、 h prior to testing. Specimensshould be inspected visually for color uniformity and surfaceirregularities, which could adversely affect color measurement.10. Procedure10.1 Prepare samples in accordance with Section 810.2 Take initial readings of density, or L*a*b, or both.10.3 Cover the samples with
30、 a like sample or with PET andplace in foil-lined bags. Force air from bag and seal. Placesealed bags in dark, recirculating forced-air environmentalchambers at 50C/50 % RH and 24C/50 % RH.10.4 Measure color change of the samples on a periodicbasis, for example, 42, 63, 84, 126, 168, 210, 252, 294,
31、365days, and so forth.10.5 Terminate the test after a specific duration of time orwhen a predetermined color change is achieved. The durationof the test and the magnitude of the predetermined colorchange may differ significantly depending on the ink/mediaand the intended usage.11. Calculation11.1 DE
32、 shall be calculated in accordance with PracticeD 2244. Densities shall be measured in accordance withANSI/NAPM IT9.91996, sections 3.33.6. Percent-retaineddensity shall be calculated as follows:% Retained Density 5Optical Density After ExposureOptical Density Before Exposure3 100(1)NOTE 3The type o
33、f equipment used for making color measurements,the method, and the color-difference equation used must be stated.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Specimen identification, including the printer,method of printing, and the media type.12.1.2 The test results from the instrumental
34、color changeevaluation (percent retained optical density and DE) of thecolor patches and the support and the initial and final densityand L*a*b values.12.1.3 Exposure temp, t.12.1.4 Exposure humidity, h.12.1.5 Total exposure time, d.6Foil-lined bags, available from Maco Bag Corporation in two sizes:
35、 Poly HeatSeal Pouch 7-14 in.3 1518 in. (Part #MACO 000041) and Poly Heat Seal Pouch 13in. 3 13 in. (Part #MACO 000042), have been found suitable.F 2035 00 (2006)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this s
36、tandard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be re
37、viewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of therespons
38、ible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F 2035 00 (2006)3
