1、Designation: F404 15F404 16Standard Consumer Safety Specification forHigh Chairs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses high chair incidents that were identified by the U.S.Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC).CPSC identifie
3、d injuries to children associated with tray disengagement, falls resulting whenchildren stood up on the seat of a high chair, entrapment between the tray and the seat, and tipover.By far the most common injury resulted from children falling when they were able to stand up on theseat of the high chai
4、r because they were not secured by the restraining system. In response to theincident data developed by the Commission, this consumer safety performance specification attemptsto minimize the above listed problems.This consumer safety performance specification does not cover high chairs that are eith
5、er blatantlymisused or are used in a careless manner that disregards the warnings and safety instructions that areprovided with each high chair.This consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state-of-the-art of highchair technology. It is intended that this specificatio
6、n will be updated whenever substantiveinformation becomes available that necessitates additional requirements or justifies the revision ofexisting requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the performance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satisfactoryperformance
7、 of the high chair and high chairs created by using a high chair conversion kit and component(s) from another product.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize injuries to children resulting from normal usage and reasonablyforeseeable misuse or abuse of high chairs.NOTE 1This co
8、nsumer safety specification is not intended to address accidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of older children withchildren in the high chair or the accidents resulting from abuse and misuse by persons over three years of age.1.3 No high chair or high chair conversion kit produced af
9、ter the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, eitherby label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parenthe
10、ses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
11、if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2This consumer safety specification includes the following sections:Title SectionScop
12、e 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Calibration and Standardization 4General Requirements 51 This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.16on Highchairs, Hook-On Chairs and Expandable G
13、ates.Current edition approved May 15, 2015Jan. 15, 2016. Published October 2015March 2016. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 asF404 14a.F404 15. DOI: 10.1520/F0404-15.10.1520/F0404-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user
14、 of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as
15、published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Compliance When Used WithConversion Kits5.3Threaded Fasteners 5.5Latching or Locking Mechanisms 5.9Labeling 5.10Openings 5.11P
16、erformance Requirements 6Protective Components 6.1Removable Tray or Front Torso SupportPerformance Integrity6.2Tray or Front Torso Support Performance Pull Test6.3Static Load 6.4Stability 6.5Exposed Coil Springs 6.6Scissoring, Shearing, and Pinching 6.7Restraint System 6.8Passive Crotch Restraint Sy
17、stem 6.9Structural Integrity 6.10Tray Latch Release Mechanisms 6.11Side Containment 6.12Test Methods 7Locking Mechanisms 7.1Protective Components 7.2Tray or Front Torso Support Drop Test 7.3Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Horizontal Pull Test7.4Tray or Front Torso Support Disengagement Ver
18、tical Pull Test7.5Static Load Testing 7.6Stability Testing 7.7Restraint System Retention Test 7.8Permanency of Labels and Warnings 7.9Dynamic High Chair Test 7.10Completely Bounded Openings 7.11Tray Latch Release Mechanism Accessibility 7.12Side Containment Openings 7.14Labeling and Warnings 8Instru
19、ctional Literature 9Keywords 10Rationale Appendix X12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play YardsF833 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Carriages and StrollersF96
20、3 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations: 316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and Certain Consumer Products Bearing Lead-Containing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations Including Sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining a Shar
21、p Point in Toys or OtherArticles Intended for Use by ChildrenUnder Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a Sharp Metal or Glass Edge in Toys or Other Articles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Artic
22、les Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years of Age WhichPresent Choking, Aspiration, or Ingestion Hazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 accessory, ncomponent, included with a high chair or sold separately by the manufacturer of th
23、e high chair.3.1.2 conspicuous, adjlabel that is visible, when the high chair is in a manufacturers recommended use position and anoccupant is sitting in the high chair, to a person standing near the high chair at any one position around the high chair but notnecessarily visible from all positions.2
24、 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintenden
25、t of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.F404 1623.1.3 double action release mechanism, nmechanism requiring either two consecutive actions, the first of which must bemaintained while the second is carried out or two separate and independent locking mechanisms tha
26、t must be activatedsimultaneously to fully release the tray.3.1.4 fabric, nany woven, knit, coated, laminated, extruded, or calendared flexible material which is intended to be sewn,welded, heat sealed, or glued together as an assembly.3.1.5 flexible passive crotch restraint, na passive crotch restr
27、aint made of flexible material, such as fabric or webbing.3.1.6 front torso support, na barrier extending horizontally across the seat of the high chair that is the primary supportintended to restrict forward movement of the occupants torso when the tray is removed and creates a completely or partia
28、llybounded opening in front of the occupant.3.1.7 high chair, na free standing chair for a child up to 3 years of age which has a seating surface more than 15 in. abovethe floor and elevates the child normally for the purposes of feeding or eating.3.1.7.1 DiscussionA high chair may be sold with or w
29、ithout a tray and may be height adjustable to higher or lower use positions. It may also includea recline position for infants not able to sit up unassisted.3.1.8 high chair conversion kit, nan accessory or component sold by the manufacturer of a product or high chair and usedto convert or modify a
30、product so that it can be used as a high chair.3.1.9 key structural elements, nsubassemblies such as seat assemblies, leg assemblies, base assemblies, or individualcomponents such as footrests, stabilizing bars, front torso supports, passive crotch restraints, or other components designed tosupport
31、the weight of the occupant, or a combination thereof.3.1.10 latch release surface, nany surface on the tray latch release mechanism that results in the tray releasing from itsadjustment position when a force is applied perpendicular to that surface.3.1.11 manufacturers recommended use position, nany
32、 position that is presented by the manufacturer in any descriptive orinstructional literature as a normal, allowable, or acceptable configuration for the use of the product. This specifically excludespositions which the manufacturer shows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe
33、, or not recommended.3.1.12 nonpaper label, nany label material (such as plastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of tools or tearsleaving a sharply defined edge or labels made from fabric.3.1.13 occupant, nthat individual who is in a product in one of the manufacturers recommende
34、d use positions.3.1.14 paper label, nany label material (except fabric) that tears without the aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.15 passive crotch restraint, na component that separates the openings for the legs of the occupant into two separatebounded openings and requires no action on the
35、 part of the caregiver to use except to position one leg into each opening createdby the component.3.1.16 protrusion, na rigid projection that is elevated above the immediately adjacent surface.3.1.17 protrusion evaluation zone, nareas on the exterior planes of the high chair base at the rear corner
36、s which are within2 in. from the corners formed by the intersection of the rear and side planes of the base and are located between 12 and 17 in. abovethe floor. See Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Protrusion Evaluation ZonesF404 1633.1.17.1 DiscussionThis does not include surfaces inside the exterior plane of the hi
37、gh chair base.3.1.18 seam, nmeans of joining fabric components such as sewing, welding, heat sealing or gluing.3.1.19 seating surface, nseat support surface for the occupant that exists between the side surfaces, seat back surface, and theINNER SURFACE of the passive crotch restraint.3.1.19.1 Discus
38、sionFor seats with open sides, the seat side surfaces are defined by a vertical plane tangent to the inside surface of the high chairarmrest.3.1.20 static load, nvertically downward force applied by a calibrated force gauge or by dead weights.3.1.21 tether, na means of attaching a component using fl
39、exible plastic, webbing, or cord.3.1.22 threaded fastener, na discrete piece of hardware that has internal or external screw threads which are used for theassembly of multiple parts and facilitate disassembly.3.1.23 top corner, nan edge on the top side of the upper section of a protrusion created by
40、 the intersection of two surfacesthat intersect at an angle less than 180. See Fig. 2.3.1.24 tray latch release mechanism, nmechanism for releasing the latch that secures a tray onto a high chair or into anadjustment position, or both.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conduc
41、ted on a concrete floor that may be covered with 18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover, unlesstest instructs differently.4.2 The high chair shall be completely assembled, unless otherwise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of man
42、ufacturing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with an ambient temperature of 7369F (2365C) for at least 1 h prior totesting. Testing shall then be conducted within this temperature range.5. General Requirements5.1 For products sold as a high chair, all components necessary for a high ch
43、air to comply with the requirements of this standardmust be included when shipped from the manufacturer in the package with the product or one of the packages if multiple packagesare used.5.2 For high chair conversion kits sold separately or included with a product to convert a product into a high c
44、hair, allcomponents necessary to comply with this standard must be included when shipped from the manufacturer in the package withthe product or the conversion kit, or both, or one of the packages if multiple packages are used.5.3 Compliance When Used With Conversion Kits:5.3.1 When a conversion kit
45、 is used to convert a high chair to a different product which falls under the scope of another ASTMstandard, it shall comply with the applicable requirements of that standard.FIG. 2 Protrusion ExamplesF404 1645.4 The high chair with any accessory(s) included or any accessories sold by the manufactur
46、er of the high chair for use withthe specific high chair model being tested shall, when installed in a manufacturers recommended use position in accordance withthe manufacturers instructions, comply with the requirements of this standard.NOTE 3Any accessory included with the high chair which per the
47、 manufacturers instructions is for use only when the high chair is converted intoanother product, are exempt from the requirement in 5.4.5.5 Threaded Fasteners:5.5.1 Wood Screws and Sheet Metal Screws:5.5.1.1 Wood screws and sheet metal screws shall not be used by the manufacturer in the assembly of
48、 key structural elementsof a high chair or other components that must be removed by the consumer in the disassembly of a high chair or conversion toa different use mode per the manufacturers instructions.NOTE 4Wood screws are permitted to be used as the primary fasteners or only fasteners when used
49、to secure components or assemblies that are notkey structural elements.5.5.1.2 No high chair shall require consumer assembly of key structural elements using wood screws or sheet metal fastenersdirectly into wood components.5.5.1.3 Factory assembly using wood screws on key structural elements is allowed if the wood screws are a second method ofattachment or the wood screws include a lock washer, glue or other means to impede loosening or detachment.5.5.1.4 Metal inserts, with external wood screw threads for screwing into a
