1、Designation: F 412 09An American National StandardStandard Terminology Relating toPlastic Piping Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 412; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definit
3、ions oftechnical terms used in the plastic piping industry. Terms thatare generally understood or adequately defined in other readilyavailable sources are not included.1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for whichCommittee F17 is responsible it is included only when judged,after review, by S
4、ubcommittee F17.91 to be a generally usableterm.1.3 Definitions that are identical to those published by otherASTM committees or other standards organizations are iden-tified with the committee number (for example, D20) or withthe abbreviation of the name of the organization (for example,IUPAC Inter
5、national Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-mation included in notes.1.5 Definitions are followed by the committee responsiblefor the standard(s) (for example, F17.26) and standardnumbers(s) in which they are used (for example, F 714).2.
6、Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of HydraulicCementD 256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexura
7、l Load in the Edgewise PositionD 747 Test Method for Apparent Bending Modulus ofPlastics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD
8、 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 907 Terminology of AdhesivesD 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD 1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD 1488 Test Method for Amylaceous Matter in AdhesivesD 1505 Test Method for
9、Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1527 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80D 1785 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plas-tic Pipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120D 2104 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Sche
10、dule 40D 2239 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside DiameterD 2241 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)D 2282 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Plastic Pipe3D 2444 Test Method for Determinatio
11、n of the Impact Re-sistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D 2447 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe,Schedules 40 and 80, Based on Outside DiameterD 2513 Specification for Thermoplastic Gas Pressure Pipe,Tubing, and FittingsD 2661 Specification for
12、Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipeand FittingsD 2666 Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Tubing3D 2680 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite SewerPipingD 2683 Specification for Socket-
13、Type Polyethylene Fittings1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.91 on Editorialand Terminology.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1975. Last previou
14、s edition approved in 2007 as F 412 07.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last a
15、pproved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.for Outside Diameter-Controlled Polyethylene Pipe andTubingD 2737 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Tu
16、bingD 2751 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Sewer Pipe and FittingsD 2837 Test Method for Obtaining Hydrostatic DesignBasis for Thermoplastic Pipe Materials or Pressure DesignBasis for Thermoplastic Pipe ProductsD 2846/D 2846M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (
17、CPVC) Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribu-tion SystemsD 3035 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(DR-PR) Based on Controlled Outside DiameterD 3139 Specification for Joints for Plastic Pressure PipesUsing Flexible Elastomeric SealsD 3261 Specification for Butt Heat Fusion Polyethylene(P
18、E) Plastic Fittings for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe andTubingD 3309 Specification for Polybutylene (PB) Plastic Hot-and Cold-Water Distribution SystemsD 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe andFittings MaterialsF 402 Practice for Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,Primers, and Cleaners
19、 Used for Joining Thermoplastic Pipeand FittingsF 405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipeand FittingsF 441/F 441M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pipe, Schedules 40 and 80F 442/F 442M Specification for Chlorinated Poly(VinylChloride) (CPVC) Plastic Pi
20、pe (SDRPR)F 449 Practice for Subsurface Installation of CorrugatedPolyethylene Pipe forAgricultural Drainage or Water TableControlF 628 Specification for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene(ABS) Schedule 40 Plastic Drain, Waste, and Vent PipeWith a Cellular CoreF 645 Guide for Selection, Design, and Ins
21、tallation ofThermoplastic Water- Pressure Piping SystemsF 714 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe(SDR-PR) Based on Outside DiameterF 771 Specification for Polyethylene (PE) ThermoplasticHigh-Pressure Irrigation Pipeline SystemsF 876 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX)Tubing
22、F 877 Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX)Plastic Hot- and Cold-Water Distribution SystemsF 891 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe With a Cellular CoreF 948 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipingSystems and Components Under Constant Internal Pr
23、es-sure With FlowF 1025 Guide for Selection and Use of Full-Encirclement-Type Band Clamps for Reinforcement or Repair of Punc-tures or Holes in Polyethylene Gas Pressure PipeF 1335 Specification for Pressure-Rated Composite Pipeand Fittings for Elevated Temperature ServiceF 1473 Test Method for Notc
24、h Tensile Test to Measure theResistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipesand ResinsF 1488 Specification for Coextruded Composite PipeF 1499 Specification for Coextruded Composite Drain,Waste, and Vent Pipe (DWV)F 1668 Guide for Construction Procedures for Buried Plas-tic PipeF 1733 Specific
25、ation for Butt Heat Fusion Polyamide(PA)Plastic Fitting for Polyamide(PA) Plastic Pipe and TubingF 1760 Specification for Coextruded Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Non-Pressure Plastic Pipe Having Reprocessed-Recycled ContentF 1924 Specification for Plastic Mechanical Fittings for Useon Outside Diameter
26、Controlled Polyethylene Gas Distri-bution Pipe and TubingF 1948 Specification for Metallic Mechanical Fittings forUse on Outside Diameter Controlled Thermoplastic GasDistribution Pipe and TubingF 1970 Specification for Special Engineered Fittings, Ap-purtenances or Valves for use in Poly (Vinyl Chlo
27、ride)(PVC) or Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)SystemsF 1973 Specification for FactoryAssembledAnodeless Ris-ers and Transition Fittings in Polyethylene (PE) andPolyamide 11 (PA11) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Fuel GasDistribution SystemsF 1986 Specification for Multilayer Pipe Type 2, Compres-sio
28、n Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hot and ColdDrinking-Water SystemsF 1987 Specification for Multilayer Pipe Type 2, Compres-sion Fittings, and Compression Joints for Hydronic Heat-ing SystemsF 2145 Specification for Polyamide 11 (PA 11) and Polya-mide 12 (PA12) Mechanical Fittings for Use on O
29、utsideDiameter Controlled Polyamide 11 and Polyamide 12 Pipeand TubingF 2158 Specification for Residential Central-Vacuum Tubeand FittingsF 2160 Specification for Solid Wall High Density Polyeth-ylene (HDPE) Conduit Based on Controlled Outside Di-ameter (OD)F 2176 Specification for Mechanical Coupli
30、ngs Used onPolyethylene Conduit, Duct and Innerduct2.2 ISO Standards:4ISO 3 Preferred NumbersISO 497 Preferred NumbersISO R 161 Pipes of Plastics Materials for the Transport ofFluids (Outside Diameters and Nominal Pressures) Part I,Metric SeriesISO TR 9080 Thermolplastics Pipes for the Transport ofF
31、luids-Methods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic StressRupture Data to Determine the Long-Term HydrostaticStrength of Thermoplastic Pipe Materials2.3 ANSI Standard:44Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.F412092Z17.
32、1 ANSI Preferred Numbers2.4 PPI Standard:5PPI TR-43. Terminologyacceptance testingtesting performed on a product to deter-mine whether or not an individual lot of the productconforms with specified requirements. F17DISCUSSIONThe number of requirements are usually fewer than forqualification testing
33、(see definition).acetal plastics, nhighly crystalline linear thermoplastic ho-mopolymers or copolymers characterized by repeatingoxymethylene units. F17acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) pipe and fittingplasticsplastics containing polymers or blends of poly-mers, or both, in which the minimum but
34、adiene content is6%, the minimum acrylonitrile content is 15 %, the mini-mum styrene or substituted styrene content, or both, is 15 %,and the maximum content of all other monomers is not morethan 5 %; plus lubricants, stabilizers, and colorants.F17.61 D 1527, D 2282 17.62 D 2680, D 2751adhesivea sub
35、stance capable of holding materials togetherby surface attachment. F17adhesive bonded jointsee joint, adhesive bonded.adhesive, solventsee solvent cement.adiabatic extrusiona method of extrusion in which, afterthe extrusion apparatus has been heated sufficiently byconventional means to plastify the
36、material, the extrusionprocess can be continued with the sole source of heat beingthe conversion of the drive energy, through viscous resis-tance of the plastic mass in the extruder. D20 D 883aging, n(1) the effect on materials of exposure to anenvironment for an interval of time.(2) the process of
37、exposing materials to an environmentfor an interval of time. D20 D 883alloy, nin plastics, two or more immiscible polymers united,usually by another component, to form a plastic resin havingenhanced performance properties. D20 D 883antioxidant, ncompounding ingredient used to retard dete-rioration c
38、aused by oxidation. F17apparent densitythe weight per unit volume of a materialincluding voids inherent in the material as tested. F17DISCUSSIONThe term bulk density is commonly used for materialsuch as molding powder.approving authoritythe individual official, board, depart-ment, or agency establis
39、hed and authorized by a state,county, city, or other political subdivision, created by law toadminister and enforce specified requirements.artificial weatheringexposure to laboratory conditions,which may be cyclic, involving temperature, relative humid-ity, radiant energy, or any other conditions or
40、 pollutantsfound in the atmosphere in various geographical areas; orboth. F17DISCUSSIONThe interlaboratory exposure conditions are usuallyintensified beyond those encountered in actual outdoor exposure in anattempt to achieve an accelerated effect.backfillall material used to fill the trench from be
41、dding tofinished surface. F17.65 F 449, F 1668backfill, finalmaterial used to fill the trench from initialbackfill to finished surface. F17backfill, initialmaterial used to fill the trench from top ofbedding to a designated height over the pipe. F17backfill, pipe zonesee pipe zone backfill.backfill,
42、 unconsolidatednoncompacted material in place intrench. F17beam loadingthe application of a load to a pipe between twopoints of support, usually expressed in newtons (or pounds-force) and the distance between the centers of the supports.F17bedding, nmaterials placed in the bottom of the trench ontop
43、 of the foundation soil which provides stable bottomsupport for buried pipe including the trench bottom groovesupport angle or select material placed around the pipe, andenvelope or filter materials where used during insulation.F17.65 F 449, F 1668bedding, vplacement of support materials for buried
44、pipe.F17bell-and-spigot jointsee joint, bell-and-spigot gasket.bell endthe enlarged portion of a pipe that resembles thesocket portion of a fitting and that is intended to be used tomake a joint. F17benda fitting either molded separately or formed from pipefor the purpose of accommodating a directio
45、nal change.F17DISCUSSIONAlso called ell, elbow,orsweep. Bends generally implyfittings of relatively shorter radii than sweeps.beveled pipea pipe with an end chamfered to mate or adjustto another surface or to assist in assembly. F17binder, nin a reinforced plastic, the continuous phase whichholds to
46、gether the reinforcement. D20 D 883DISCUSSIONDuring fabrication, the binder, which may be eitherthermoplastic or thermoset, usually undergoes a change in state.blindingthe placement of soil, bedding material over and onthe sides of the pipe, tubing or envelope to ensure propergrade, alignment, suppo
47、rt, and protection of pipe duringbackfilling and after installation. F17.65 F 449blister, nan imperfection, a rounded elevation of the surfaceof a plastic, with boundaries that may be more or less sharplydefined, somewhat resembling in shape a blister on thehuman skin. D20 D 883bloom, na visible exu
48、dation or efflorescence on the surfaceof a material. D20 D 883blow moldinga method of fabrication in which a heatedparison (hollow tube) is forced into the shape of a moldcavity by internal gas pressure. D20 D 883blowing agenta compounding ingredient used to producegas by chemical or thermal action,
49、 or both, in manufacture ofhollow or cellular articles. D20 D 8835Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.F412093brittle failurea pipe failure mode which exhibits no visible(to the naked eye) permanent material deformation (stretch-ing, elongation, or necking down) in the area of the break.F17.40 F 1473building drainthat part of the lowest horizontal piping of adrainage system that receives the discharge fro
