1、Designation: F 537 01 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Specification forDesign, Fabrication, and Installation of Fences Constructedof Wood and Related Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 537; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption
2、 or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sco
3、pe1.1 This specification covers all wood fences, includingfences combined with wood and other materials.1.2 This specification covers three classifications of woodfences. This specification is based on fundamental constructionprinciples combined with long-standing traditional fence build-ing skills,
4、 and covers the design, fabrication, and installationpractices of wood fences.1.3 This specification also provides a systematic method ofpurchase, inspection with basis for rejection, and certificationof manufactured wood fences by the fence industry.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to
5、be regardedas the standard. Acceptable industry-wide SI equivalents arebeing developed.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 641/A 641M Specification for ZincCoated (Galvanized)Carbon Steel WireA 809 Specification for Aluminum-Coated (Aluminized)Carbon Steel WireB 221 Specification for Alumin
6、um and Aluminum-AlloyExtruded Bars, Rods, Wire, Profiles, and TubesD 2605 Specification for Volatile Petroleum Solvent (LPG)for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions3D 3225 Specification for Low-Boiling Hydrocarbon Sol-vent for Oil-Borne Preservatives3D 3506 Specification for Inhibited Grade Methyle
7、ne Chlo-ride for Preparing Pentachlorophenol Solutions3F 1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatingson Steel Industrial Chain Link Fence FrameworkF 1667 Specification for Driven Fasteners: Nails, Spikes,and Staples2.2 Federal Standards:TT-W-572B Fungicide: Pentachlorophenol42.3 Canadian
8、Standards Association Document:B 111-74 Specification for Wire Nails, Spikes, and Staples52.4 National Forest Products Association Standard:National Design Specification for Stress Grade Lumber andIts Fastenings62.5 Voluntary Product Standards:PS 20-70 Softwood Lumber7PS 1-74 Softwood Plywood72.6 Am
9、erican Plywood Association Standard:Specification for Plywood Design82.7 American Wood Preservers Association Standards:C 1 All Timber Products, Preservative Treatment by Pres-sure Process9C 2 Lumber, Timbers, Bridge Ties, Mine Ties, PreservativeTreatment by Pressure Process9C 5 Fence Post, Preserva
10、tive Treatment by Pressure Pro-cess9C 9 Plywood, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process9C 16 Wood Used on Farms, Preservative Treatment byPressure Process9C 23 Round Poles and Posts Used For Building Construc-tion, Preservative Treatment by Pressure Process9M 4 Care of Pressure Treated Wood Prod
11、ucts93. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F14 on Fencesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.15 on Other Fence Systems andComponents.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1978. Last pre
12、vious edition approved in 2001 as F 537 - 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Avai
13、lable from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from Canadian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale,Ontario, Canada M 9W 1R3.6Available from National Forest ProductsAssociation, 1619 MassachusettsAve
14、.,N.W., Washington, DC 20036.7Available from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards,Washington, DC 20234.8Available from American Plywood Association, 1119 A St., Tacoma, WA98401.9Available fromAmerican Wood PreserversAssociation, P.O. Box 849, Stevens-ville, MD 21666.1Copyright A
15、STM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 back railsrails on which cover material is directlyattached.3.1.2 boardslumber that is up to 1 in. in nominal thick-ness and 2 in. or wider in nominal width.3.1.3 cover materialthe face or fi
16、ll material attached to afence structural frame.3.1.4 custom fence designany fence design that is signifi-cantly different from those described in this specification.Custom fence designs are also required to meet all require-ments regarding materials, fabrication, installation, workman-ship, and str
17、uctural equivalency as set forth within this speci-fication.3.1.5 panel productsall modular products available instandardized rectangular panels, many of which are suited toexterior applications such as privacy fencing. Examples areplywood, fiberglass, and corrugated metals.3.1.6 picketsnarrow wood
18、members that are sawn, split,sliced, milled, natural round or half-round, and are approxi-mately 2 to 4 in. in face or coverage width.3.1.7 poststhe vertical structural support members of thefence frame.3.1.8 railsthe horizontal structural support members ofthe fence frame.3.1.9 slats or weave board
19、sthe horizontal or verticalmembers used in basketweave type fences normally38 to34in. thick and 3 in. or wider in nominal width.3.1.10 standard fence designany fence structural frame orfence-type classification covered within this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.
20、1 boards or picketsfence boards or pickets are speci-fied by the desired shape or manufacture of the upright endwhen installed vertically as described in 3.2.2 through 3.2.9.3.2.2 California clipped cornerscorners similar to 3.2.8,except the clip angle is steeper at approximately 65.3.2.3 diamond po
21、inta board or picket similar to thestandard point (3.2.9), except it consists of additional angularcuts, front and back, so that the top appears as a triangle fromfour angles of view, or pyramid shaped.3.2.4 flattopa simple flat or 90 square cut end.3.2.5 gothica picket or board in which the shape i
22、s formedby two arc-shaped cuts that meet at center to form a gracefulpoint at the top.3.2.6 handsplitpickets, posts, and rails which are split bymachine or by hand using an axe or froe, etc.3.2.7 pencil pointa picket or board that is conical inshape, and common to round and half-round pickets.3.2.8
23、standard clipped corners (or dog-eared corners)corners which are clipped diagonally (approximately 45).3.2.9 standard pointa picket or fence board cut to a pointat approximately 45 angles.3.2.10 postsfence posts are specified by the desired shapeor manufacture of their above ground tops as described
24、 in3.2.11 through 3.2.15.3.2.11 chamfered postsin round or square posts, theshallow diagonal cut or easing of the otherwise square-cut end.Usually measures from34 to 112 in. along the chamfer.3.2.12 diamond-point poststhe pyramid-shaped ends ofpost which are formed by angle cuts of approximately 45.
25、3.2.13 domed postsrounded ends of either round orsquare posts.3.2.14 flattop fence poststhe square cut ends of post.3.2.15 pencil-point postsconically shaped round posttops.4. Classification of Standard Fence Types4.1 The generic classifications of wood fencing in 4.2through 4.5 have gained common r
26、ecognition throughout thefence industry and are adapted to this specification as a meansof identifying a basic fence type. These classifications may beused in all cases as part of the purchase agreement betweenbuyers and sellers of wood fencing; except a detailed descrip-tion, drawing, or rendering
27、of a custom fence design may besubstituted where necessary.4.2 Type IRail Fences:4.2.1 Split RailThe common country fence of alternatinglayers of handsplit rails laid up in zigzag tiers.4.2.2 Split or Sawn Post and Rail, or BothThe rusticfence made up of split or sawn rails (two to four rails) insta
28、lledinto slotted split or sawn posts.4.2.3 Round Post and RailA fence similar to that de-scribed in 4.2.2, except posts and rails are round or naturalshaped; normally produced in two, three, and four rail fences.The rails are machined at ends to form a paddle-shaped scarfjoint to be installed into p
29、ost slots or formed into doweled endsfor installing into posts with round connections.4.2.3.1 Herringbone Pattern Round Post and RailAfenceas described in 4.2.3, except it is normally a three-rail fencewith small round wood inserts (doweled) which are installedbetween the upper two rails to form the
30、 familiar herringbonepattern.4.2.3.2 English Hurdle FenceA standard post and railfence as described in 4.2.2 and 4.2.3, except that two smallerrails are installed diagonally from the fence posts (usuallybelow the bottom rail connection) extending upwards to justabove the fence top rail where they in
31、tersect and join a thirddecorative rail of the same approximate size, which extendsdownward to just below the bottom rail at a perpendicularangle.4.2.4 Post and BoardThe fence often referred to as corralfence is normally constructed using sawn wood posts, althoughround wood posts are sometimes used,
32、 with boards serving asrails. They are commonly constructed in two, three, or fourboard configurations.4.2.4.1 Crossbuck Post and BoardAfence as described in4.2.4, except that two boards diagonally cross each otherbetween two standard top and bottom board rails.4.2.4.2 Crossbuck Post and RailA fence
33、 as in 4.2.4.1,except rails are 2-in. or thicker nominal lumber.4.2.4.3 Hurdle Post and BoardA fence having the samegeometric arrangement as the English hurdle fence in 4.2.3.2,except all rails are sawn boards.4.2.4.4 Hurdle Post and RailA fence as described in4.2.4.3, except top and bottom rails ar
34、e 2 in. or thicker nominallumber.4.3 Type IIBoard Fences: Every design within this typemay be supported by sawn wood posts, round wood posts, ormetal posts.F 537 01 (2007)24.3.1 Solid Board FenceA fence that is constructed ofordinary wood fence boards which are usually installed verti-cally, but occ
35、asionally horizontally or diagonally, over a ratherconventional fence frame of from two to four rails betweenposts.4.3.2 Spaced Board FenceA fence as described in 4.3.1,except that open space is provided between the boards eitherfor eye appeal or for ventilation.4.3.3 Shadow BoxA fence that is const
36、ructed like a solidboard fence (see 4.3.1), except that fence boards are installedalternately from one side of the fence rails to the other,providing interesting shadow lines as well as excellent venti-lation. This fence is commonly offered in either vertical orhorizontal panels.4.3.4 LouverA fence
37、which is similar to common boardfences (4.3.1) in frame configuration, except that fence boardsare installed angularly between the fence rails with the effect ofdirecting sunlight and air in a desirable way. These fences maybe constructed with the board louvers installed vertically orhorizontally.4.
38、3.5 WeaveA fence similar to the shadow box (4.3.3),except each individual fence board, normally 1 in. nominal inthickness, is alternately attached to one side of the top rail andthe opposite side of the bottom rail. It may be constructedvertically as described, or horizontally (minus rails) by alter
39、-nating installation of the boards directly to the fence posts.4.3.6 Basket WeaveA fence similar to the weave (4.3.5),except basket boards (commonly38 to34 in. in thickness) arewoven alternately between from one to five small woodmembers (sometimes 1 by 2, 1 by 3, or 1 by 4-in. nominal),which extend
40、 through the height of the weave perpendicularly.The fence may contain either a vertical or horizontal weave,but in either form, the top and bottom rails may be required forrigidity. The basket weave fence requires high quality woodbecause of its relative thinness.4.4 Type IIIPicket Fences: Every de
41、sign within this typemay be supported by sawn wood posts, round wood posts, ormetal posts.4.4.1 Sawn PicketAfence in which the pickets are from 2to 4-in. nominal width and are installed vertically. The picketsmay be installed over two to four back rails of sawn lumber.The pickets may be installed so
42、lid or by specified spacingwhere desired for light and ventilation.4.4.2 Grape Stake PicketA fence that is sometimes re-ferred to by the picket type, either handsplit or machine sliced.This is a popular fence in the durable species and is usuallyconstructed with handsplit or machined back rails and
43、posts. Itis most often installed with solid picket cover, but can beutilized as a spaced picket fence.4.4.3 Stockade PicketA fence that is similar to otherpicket fences, except the pickets are natural, machine milled,round, or sliced to half-round; and are available with barkremoved, or with bark on
44、 for an added rustic effect. This fenceis popular in common wood species, and may be installed toround wood posts and round or half-round back rails, sawnposts, and back rails; or back rails attached to metal posts.4.4.4 Wire-Bound PicketThis fencing is wire-bound,wooden picket fencing, in roll form
45、. It is used for applicationssuch as but not limited to, snow, shade, safety, sand, andscreening. The fence is fabricated with a 2- or 4-in. maximumspacing between pickets as specified by the purchaser. Eachpicket is held firmly by five pairs of zinc-coated wires. Eachpair of wires is tightly twiste
46、d by rotating a twister head aminimum of 2 complete revolutions (900 of rotation) for2-in. spacing and 5 complete revolutions (1800 of rotation) forthe 4-in. spacing.4.4.4.1 The twist rotation shall be in opposite directionsbetween each succeeding picket. The wire shall have a mini-mum coated diamet
47、er of 0.099 in. (1212 gage) and a minimumzinc coating of 0.30 oz/ft2(Specification A 641, Class 1) or aminimum aluminum coating of 0.32 oz/ft2(SpecificationA 809) as selected by the purchaser. It shall have a minimumtensile strength of 70 000 psi in accordance with SpecificationA 641 or Specificatio
48、n A 809, Medium Temper. The wirespacing of top and bottom pairs of wires shall be not less than3 in. and not more than 6 in. from the ends of the pickets, withthe remaining pairs of wires spaced equidistant between the topand bottom wires.4.4.4.2 The length of roll of fabricated fence shall be 50 ft
49、6 6 in. The pickets shall be made of spruce, hemlock, cedar,redwood, fir, or pine, air-dried and rough sawn. The picketsmay be stained, painted with a red oxide coating, or pressure-treated in accordance with 9.4 as specified. Picket dimensionshall be: length, either 48 or 72 6316 in.; width, 112 6116 in.;and thickness,38 6116 in.4.5 Type IVSolid Panel Fences:Every design within this type may be supported by sawnwood posts, round wood posts, or metal posts.4.5.1 Plywood Panel FencesA fence which includes anycommon p
