1、Designation: F590 12Standard Consumer Safety Specification forNon-Powder Gun Projectiles and Propellants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F590; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev
2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers projectilesand propellants manufactured for use with non-powder gunsintended for tar
3、get shooting, educational, and recreationalpurposes and is to be used in conjunction with ConsumerSafety Specification F589. Non-powder guns are commonlyidentified as BB guns, air guns, or pellet guns.1.2 The projectiles and propellants covered by this con-sumer safety specification are BB cal, .177
4、 cal (4.5 mm), .22cal (5.5 mm), and .25 cal (6.4 mm) air gun shot of variousmaterials; .177 cal (4.5 mm), 5 mm, .22 cal (5.5 mm), .25 cal(6.4 mm) pellets and .177 cal (4.5 mm), 5 mm, .22 cal (5.5mm), and .25 cal (6.4 mm) darts and propellants identified as8 and 12-g type CO2cylinders with both small
5、 and standard-sized necks as well as refillable CO2or compressed aircylinders and reservoirs.1.3 This consumer safety specification does not cover pro-pellants such as dichlorodifluoromethane or projectiles that arepropelled by a combustible release of energy; non-powder gunprojectiles used with pro
6、ducts identified as blow guns, slingshots, cork guns, toy guns, or archery cross bows and othersuch devices; projectiles designed for adult use in obsoletenon-powder guns, custom-made non-powder guns, and non-powder guns designed for and used by law enforcement,scientific, veterinary or military use
7、; paint ball markers, am-munition for airsoft/softair guns and shot used with shotguns inthe firearm classification. Test methods for refilling cylindersdo not purport to address all of the safety issues, if any,associated with the safe handling and transfilling of smallcylinders. It is the responsi
8、bility of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety practices and determine the appli-cability of regulatory limitations, such as but not limited toDOT, CGA and OSHA, prior to use.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this specif
9、ication: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced
10、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F589 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Powder GunsF2030 Specification for Paintball Cylinder Burst Disk As-semblies3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Projectiles3.1.1 air-gun darta .177 cal, 5 mm, .22 cal, or .25 calnon-powder gun proje
11、ctile having a pointed configuration onone end and tufts on the other (see Fig. 1).3.1.1.1 tuftthe material that is added to the body of a dart.3.1.2 air-gun shota BB, .177, .22-cal, or .25 cal ball-shaped, non-powder gun projectile made primarily of lead, leadalloy, or steel (see Fig. 2).3.1.2.1 ai
12、r-gun shot, leada shot made of lead or lead alloywhich may or may not have a protective finish.3.1.2.2 air-gun shot, lead-coateda shot made of steel thathas a thin, uniform coating of lead or lead alloy. It may or maynot have a protective finish.3.1.2.3 air-gun shot, steela shot made of steel that i
13、scoated with a protective finish.3.1.2.4 dimension across flatsthe diameter of an air-gunshot, as measured across the flats.3.1.2.5 maximum spherical diameterthe largest diameterof an air-gun shot, as measured with a ring gage.3.1.3 caliberthe nomenclature used to indicate the boresize of a non-powd
14、er gun and the compatible projectileintended for use with that bore size.3.1.4 non-powder gun projectilea projectile that is de-signed for and intended to be discharged from a non-powdergun.1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and
15、is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.06 on Safety Standards for Non-Powder Gun Products.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F590 05. DOI:10.1520/F0590-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit th
16、e ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
17、United States.3.1.5 pelleta .177 cal, 5 mm, .22 cal, or .25 cal non-spherical, semihollow non-powder gun projectile made of lead,lead alloy, or other material, or a combination thereof. Typicalexamples are shown in Fig. 3.3.1.5.1 nose of pellet the forwardmost portion of a pellet.3.1.5.2 overall len
18、gth of pelletthe maximum dimension ofa pellet as measured parallel to the axis.3.1.6 shot-start forcethe force that is required to insert anon-powder gun projectile into a cavity of standard size for agiven caliber.Propellants3.1.7 CO2(carbon dioxide) cylinder non-refillablea cyl-inder that holds ca
19、rbon dioxide in a liquid-gas combination andconsists of a main body or container and a neck containing thecap and seal (see Fig. 4) for use in non-powder guns.3.1.7.1 cap, CO2cylinderthe section of the cylinder neckcontaining the seal that is punctured to release CO2for use inthe non-powder gun.3.1.
20、7.2 neck diameter, CO2cylinder the outside diameterof the neck of a CO2cylinder.3.1.7.3 neck length, CO2cylinderthe distance the neck ofa cylinder enters into a hole equal to the maximum allowableneck diameter (see Fig. 5).3.1.7.4 overall length, CO2cylinder the length measuredparallel to the longit
21、udinal axis of the cylinder.3.1.7.5 outside diameter, CO2cylinder the diameter of themain body of the CO2cylinder.3.1.8 CO2(carbon dioxide) cylinder refillablea cylinderthat holds carbon dioxide in a liquid-gas combination consist-ing of a cylinder and a self-activating on/off valve assembly foruse
22、on non-powder guns.3.1.9 propellant, CO2(carbon dioxide)a propellant inwhich the energy source is obtained from compressed carbondioxide gas.3.1.10 propellant, compresseda propellant in which theenergy source is obtained from compressed air or othernonflammable gas.3.1.11 propellant, refillable remo
23、vablealso known as re-movable CO2cylinders refillable, a cylinder and valve assem-bly which is removed from the non-powder guns to be refilled.3.1.12 propellant, refillable non-removablea reservoircontained within the non-powder guns which by its design isnot easily removable however is refillable w
24、ith a non-flammable gas.3.1.13 propellant, non-refillablealso known as CO2cyl-inders, non-refillable, generally referred to as disposable car-tridges which are discarded after use and are not refillable foruse in non-powder guns.Fill Stations3.1.14 fill stationa device designed to attach to a CO2orc
25、ompressed air cylinder and to a refillable non-powder gunscylinder to facilitate transfilling of the non-powder gunscylinder or a device designed to attach a CO2or compressed aircylinder to a non-powder gun to facilitate the transfilling anon-removable reservoir contained within the non-powderguns.3
26、.1.15 authorized retestera facility registered with andapproved by DOT for the re-qualification of refillable CO2cylinders.3.1.16 blow-down valvea valve which is part of a fillstation assembly for refilling CO2, which is intended to ventgas from the cylinder and fill station.3.1.17 DOTDepartment of
27、Transportation.3.1.18 TCTransport Canada.3.1.19 valve twist testa test done by hand whereas the usergrasps the valve with one hand and the bottle with the other andattempts to turn the valve by hand in a counter- clockwisedirection (left).3.1.19.1 DiscussionIf the valve does move, the valve andbottl
28、e should not be filled and should be repaired or serviced,or both, by the manufacturer or its authorized representative. Ifthe valve does not move then the valve passes the test and maybe filled provided it passes all other requirements. The testshould only be done when the cylinder is empty and wit
29、houtany tools.4. Requirements4.1 Projectiles:FIG. 1 Air-Gun DartFIG. 2 Air-Gun ShotFIG. 3 Air-Gun PelletsF590 1224.1.1 Air-Gun Shot, SteelAir-gun shot, steel, shall con-form to the minimum and maximum diameter dimensionsspecified in Table 1 when measured in accordance with 7.1 and7.2.4.1.2 Air-Gun S
30、hot, LeadAir-gun shot, lead, shall con-form to the minimum diameter dimensions specified in Table 2when measured in accordance with 7.3 and shall conform tothe maximum shot-start force as specified in Table 3 whenmeasured in accordance with 7.4.4.1.3 PelletsPellets shall conform to the minimum andma
31、ximum length dimensions as specified in Table 4 whenmeasured in accordance with 7.5 and shall conform to themaximum shot-start force as specified in Table 5 when mea-sured in accordance with 7.4.4.1.4 Air-Gun DartsAir-gun darts shall conform to theminimum and maximum length dimensions as specified i
32、nTable 6 when measured in accordance with 7.5 and shallconform to the maximum shot-start force as specified in Table7 when measured in accordance with 7.4.4.1.5 Finish and AppearanceThe outermost surfaces ofall projectiles that require protection against deterioration shallhave a protective finish.F
33、IG. 4 CO2(Carbon Dioxide) Cylinder Non-RefillableNeck Size Dimension A, in. (mm)Standard 0.346 + 0.0002, 0.0000(8.79 + 0.005, 0.000)FIG. 5 CO2Cylinder Non-Refillable Combination Gage (C.R.S.)Maximum Neck Diameter and Minimum Neck Length (StandardNeck Cylinder)TABLE 1 Air-Gun Shot (Steel)DiametersPro
34、jectile TypeMaximumSpherical Diameter,in. (mm)Minimum DimensionAcross Flats,in. (mm)Air-gun shot, steel, BB cal (.177cal)0.175 (4.44) 0.162 (4.11)Air-gun shot, steel, .22 cal 0.2198 (5.583) 0.205 (5.21)TABLE 2 Air-Gun Shot (Lead)DiametersProjectile TypeMinimum Diameter,in. (mm)Air-gun shot, lead, .1
35、77 cal 0.162 (4.11)Air-gun shot, lead, .22 cal 0.205 (5.21)F590 1234.2 PropellantsCompressed air, nitrogen gas, and CO2gas propellant may be combined with additional ingredients foruse as propellants for non-powder guns, but the propellant shallbe noncombustible.4.3 CO2Cylinder Non-Refillable:4.3.1
36、CO2Cylinder Measurement TestCO2cylinders shallconform with the appropriate dimensions and tolerances inTable 8 and Table 9 when measured in accordance with 7.6.4.3.2 CO2Cylinder Non-Refillable Temperature TestCO2cylinders shall withstand a temperature as defined in 7.6.4.1without leaking or bursting
37、 when tested in accordance with 7.6.4.3.3 Rupture TestCO2cylinders that have been tested inaccordance with 7.6 and 7.8 shall not fragment or splinter uponrupture. Failure shall not occur at the cap or neck section of thecylinder.4.3.4 Finish and AppearanceThe outermost surfaces ofCO2cylinders that r
38、equire protection against deterioration shallhave a protective finish.5. Significance and Use5.1 This consumer safety specification establishes the di-mensions and tolerances and supporting test methods fornon-powder gun projectiles and propellants to ensure compat-ibility between the projectiles an
39、d propellants and the non-powder guns for which they are designed.5.2 This consumer safety specification identifies non-powder gun projectiles and propellants and establishes productidentification requirements. The product identification require-ments are intended to guide users of non-powder guns i
40、nselecting the correct projectile or propellant for use in variousguns, and attempts to prevent hazards associated with incorrectuse of projectiles and propellants.6. Conformance6.1 Non-powder gun projectiles and propellants producedafter the effective date of this consumer safety specificationshall
41、 not, either by label or other means, indicate conformancewith this consumer safety specification unless they conformwith all the requirements contained herein.7. Test MethodsNOTE 1No precision statement on any of the following test methodsis available at this time.7.1 Measurement of Maximum Spheric
42、al Diameter of Air-Gun Shot, Steel (see Fig. 2 and Table 1):7.1.1 SignificanceThe purpose of this test method is toestablish the maximum diameter of air-gun shot, steel, toensure that the projectile will be compatible with the non-powder gun for which it is intended.7.1.2 Apparatus:7.1.2.1 Ring Gage
43、, with a minimum thickness of 0.125 in.(3.18 mm) and a hole diameter with the maximum diameter inTable 1 60.0001 in. (+0.002 mm). The ring gage is used todetermine whether the air-gun shot exceeds the appropriatemaximum spherical diameter in Table 1.7.1.2.2 Screening Plate (optional), with holes 0.0
44、01 60.0001-in. (0.025 6 0.002-mm) smaller in diameter than themaximum diameter of the ring gage specified in 7.1.2.1. Thescreening plate may be used to select or screen only the largestshot for measurement with the ring gage.7.1.3 Test SpecimenTest specimens shall consist of newair-gun shot, selecte
45、d in accordance with the manufacturersusual quality assurance practices.7.1.4 Procedure:7.1.4.1 Conduct the test at room temperature (60 to 80F (16to 27C).7.1.4.2 A screening plate may be used to reduce the numberof shot which must be passed through the ring gage. If thescreening plate in 7.1.2.2 is
46、 used, place the test specimen on theplate. Shake the plate so that the smaller shot pass through thescreen and the larger shot remain on the screen. Collect thelarger shot remaining on the screen for measurement with thering gage. Inspect the shot which have passed through thescreening plate and so
47、rt all abnormal shot from the lot whichwas passed through the screen for measurement with the ringgage.7.1.4.3 Place each shot in the hole of the ring gage with themaximum spherical diameter shown in Table 1. Roll the shot inthe ring gage so that the diameters of the three perpendicularaxes of the s
48、hot are exposed to the hole in the ring gage. Shotthat does not roll within the ring gage is oversized and fails thetest.7.2 Measurement of Flat Dimensions of Air-Gun Shot, Steel(Fig. 2):7.2.1 SignificanceThe purpose of this test method is tomeasure the dimensions across the flats of air-gun shot, s
49、teel, toensure that the shot will be compatible with the gun and thefeed system for which it is intended.7.2.2 Apparatus:7.2.2.1 Pointed Micrometer, capable of measuring with anaccuracy of 60.0001 in. (60.002 mm).7.2.3 Test SpecimenTest specimens shall consist of newair-gun shot, selected in accordance with the manufacturersusual quality assurance practices.TABLE 3 Air-Gun Shot (Lead)Shot-Start Force and Gage Dimensions and TolerancesProjectile TypeMaximumShot-Start Force,lbf (N)Gage Dimensions and Tolerances (see Fig. 6),
