1、Designation: F 710 05Standard Practice forPreparing Concrete Floors to Receive Resilient Flooring1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 710; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the determination of the acceptabil-ity of a concrete floor for the installation of resilient flooring.1.2 Thi
3、s practice includes suggestions for the constructionof a concrete floor to ensure its acceptability for installation ofresilient flooring.1.3 This practice does not cover the adequacy of theconcrete floor to perform its structural requirements.1.4 This practice covers the necessary preparation of co
4、n-crete floors prior to the installation of resilient flooring.1.5 This practice does not supersede in any manner theresilient flooring or adhesive manufacturers written instruc-tions. Consult the individual manufacturer for specific recom-mendations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all
5、 of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.1, 7.1.1, and7.1.2 for specific warning statements.1.7 Th
6、e values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units and are provided for information only.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 109/C 109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement MortarsC 309 Spec
7、ification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Com-pounds for Curing ConcreteC 472 Test Method for Compressive Strength of GypsumCementD 4259 Practice for Abrading ConcreteE 1155 Test Method for Determining FF/FL (Floor Flatnessand Floor Levelness)E 1486 Test Method for Determining Floor Tolerances Us-ing Wa
8、viness, Wheel Path, and Levelness CriteriaE 1745 Specification for Plastic Water Vapor RetardersUsed In Contact With Soil or Granular Fill Under ConcreteSlabsF 141 Terminology Relating to Resilient Floor CoveringsF 1869 Test Method for Measuring Moisture Vapor Emis-sion Rate of Concrete Subfloor Usi
9、ng Anhydrous CalciumChlorideF 2170 Test Method for Determining Relative Humidity inConcrete Floor Slabs Using In Situ ProbesNOTE 1Specifications and test methods for cements and other relatedmaterials are found in ASTM Volume 04.01. Specifications and testmethods for concretes and related materials
10、are found in ASTM Volume04.02.2.2 ACI Guides:3302.1R Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction117R Standard Tolerances for Concrete Construction andMaterials2.3 Resilient Floor Covering Institute (RFCI):4Recommended Work Practices for the Removal of ResilientFloor Coverings2.4 Other Standards:M
11、ASTERSPEC Guide Spec Section 03300, “Cast-In-Place Concrete”5SPECTEXT Guide Spec Section 03346, “Concrete FloorFinishing”63. Terminology3.1 Definitions For definitions of terms used in thispractice, see Terminology F 141.4. General Guidelines4.1 Concrete floors to receive resilient flooring shall be
12、permanently dry, clean, smooth, and structurally sound. Theyshall be free of dust, solvent, paint, wax, oil, grease, residual1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F06 on ResilientFloor Coverings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F06.40 onPractices.Current edition
13、approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as F 710 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, r
14、efer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Concrete Institute, 19150 Redford Station, Detroit,MI 48219.4Resilient Floor Covering Institute, 966 Hungerford Drive, Rockville, MD20850.5Available from MASTERSPEC, AIA Master Systems, King Street Station, 225Re
15、inekers Lane, Suite 215, Alexandria, VA 22314-2875.6Available from SPECTEXT, National Institute of Building Sciences, 1090Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005-4905.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.adhesi
16、ve, adhesive removers, curing, sealing, hardening, orparting compounds, alkaline salts, excessive carbonation orlaitence, mold, mildew, and other foreign materials that mightprevent adhesive bond.4.2 Surface cracks, grooves, depressions, control joints orother non-moving joints, and other irregulari
17、ties shall be filledor smoothed with latex patching or underlayment compoundrecommended by the resilient flooring manufacturer for fillingor smoothing, or both. Patching or underlayment compoundshall be moisture-, mildew-, and alkali-resistant, and, forcommercial installations, shall provide a minim
18、um of 3000 psicompressive strength after 28 days, when tested in accordancewith Test Method C 109 or Test Method C 472, whichever isappropriate.4.2.1 Joints such as expansion joints, isolation joints, orother moving joints in concrete slabs shall not be filled withpatching compound or covered with r
19、esilient flooring. Consultthe resilient flooring manufacturer regarding the use of anexpansion joint covering system.4.3 The surface of the floor shall be cleaned of all loosematerial by scraping, brushing, vacuuming, or other methods,or a combination thereof, as recommended by the resilientflooring
20、 manufacturer, immediately before commencing instal-lation of resilient flooring.4.4 Many resilient floorings may not be installed overconcrete when residual asphalt adhesive residue is present.Consult the resilient flooring manufacturers written recom-mendations concerning use of resilient flooring
21、 products inthese situations.4.5 Concrete floors shall be smooth to prevent irregularities,roughness, or other defects from telegraphing through the newresilient flooring. The surface of concrete floors shall be flat towithin the equivalent of316 in. (3.9 mm) in 10 ft, as describedin ACI 117R, or as
22、 measured by the method described in TestMethod E 1155 or any industry-recognized method specified.See X1.7 for more information regarding flatness measurementmethods.5. Testing Procedures5.1 Concrete floors to receive resilient flooring shall be freeof sealers, coatings, finishes, dirt, film-formin
23、g curing com-pounds, or other substances which may affect the rate ofmoisture dissipation from the concrete or the adhesion ofresilient flooring to the concrete. Non-chemical methods forremoval, such as abrasive cleaning or bead-blasting, includingmethods described in Practice D 4259 may be used on
24、existingslabs with deleterious residues to achieve an appropriate statefor testing. Cleaning shall take place a minimum of 24 h beforetesting. WarningHydraulic cement used in concrete con-struction may contain trace amounts of free crystalline silica.Prolonged exposure to airborne free crystalline s
25、ilica may be ahealth hazard. Avoid actions that cause dust to become air-borne. Use local or general ventilation to control exposuresbelow applicable exposure limits.5.2 Moisture TestingAll concrete slabs shall be tested formoisture regardless of age or grade level. For the preferredmoisture testing
26、 method and limits, consult the written instruc-tions from the floor covering manufacturer, the adhesivemanufacturer, the patching/underlayment manufacturer, orcombination thereof. In the absence of manufacturers guide-lines, refer to Table 1.5.2.1 Consult the resilient flooring manufacturer, the ad
27、he-sive manufacturer, the underlayment manufacturers writteninstructions, or combination thereof, for their acceptable testmethods. If these instructions are in conflict, the most stringentrequirements shall apply.5.3 pH TestingConcrete floors shall be tested for pH priorto the installation of resil
28、ient flooring. Levels of pH shall notexceed the written recommendations of the resilient flooringmanufacturer or the adhesive manufacturer, or both.5.3.1 To test for pH at the surface of a concrete slab, usewide range pH paper, its associated pH chart, and distilled ordeionized water. Place several
29、drops of water on a cleansurface of concrete, forming a puddle approximately 1 in. (25mm) in diameter. Allow the puddle to set for 60 6 5 s, then dipthe pH paper into the water. Remove immediately, and com-pare to chart to determine pH reading. Other pH testingmethods such as pH pencils or pH meters
30、, or both, are availableand may be used to measure pH. Readings below 7.0 and inexcess of 10.0 have been known to affect resilient flooring oradhesives, or both. Refer to resilient flooring manufacturerswritten instructions for guidelines on acceptable testing meth-ods and acceptable pH levels. See
31、X1.4 for more informationabout pH levels in concrete slabs.6. Preparation of New Concrete Floors6.1 New concrete slabs shall be properly cured and driedbefore installation of resilient flooring. Drying time beforeslabs are ready for moisture testing will vary depending onatmospheric conditions and m
32、ix design. See X1.3 for moreinformation. Floors containing lightweight aggregate or excesswater, and those which are allowed to dry from only one side,such as concrete on metal deck construction, may need a muchlonger drying time and should not be covered with resilientflooring unless the moisture v
33、apor emission rate meets themanufacturers installation specifications.7. Preparation of Existing Concrete Floors7.1 The resilient flooring manufacturer shall be consultedregarding the necessity of removal of old resilient flooring,adhesive residue, paint, or other surface contaminants. If oldresilie
34、nt flooring, paint, or adhesive residue is to be removed,follow 7.1.1 and 7.1.2:7.1.1 WarningDo not sand, dry sweep, dry scrape, drill,saw, beadblast, or mechanically chip or pulverize existingresilient flooring, backing, lining felt, paint, asphaltic cutbackadhesives, or other adhesives. These prod
35、ucts may containasbestos fibers or crystalline silica. Avoid creating dust. Inha-lation of such dust is a cancer and respiratory tract hazard.Smoking by individuals exposed to asbestos fibers greatlyincreases the risk of serious bodily harm. Unless positivelycertain that the product is a nonasbestos
36、-containing material,TABLE 1 ASTM Test Methods for Concrete Moisture ReadingTest Method Maximum LimitF 1869 3 lb/1000 ft2(170 g/m2) per 24 hF 2170 75 %F710052presume that it contains asbestos. Regulations may require thatthe material be tested to determine asbestos content. TheResilient Floor Coveri
37、ng Institutes (RFCIs) recommendedwork practices for removal of existing resilient floor coveringsshould be consulted for a defined set of instructions addressedto the task of removing all resilient floor covering structures.7.1.2 WarningCertain paints may contain lead. Exposureto excessive amounts o
38、f lead dust presents a health hazard.Refer to applicable federal, state, and local laws and guidelinesfor hazard identification and abatement of lead-based paintpublished by the U.S. Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment7regarding appropriate methods for identifyinglead-based paint and removing
39、 such paint, and any licensing,certification, and training requirements for persons performinglead abatement work.7.2 Adhesive RemoversThere are a number of commercialadhesive removers that will properly remove adhesive residuefrom a subfloor, however, there are concerns that these prod-ucts may adv
40、ersely effect the new adhesive and new floorcovering. The Resilient Floor Covering Institutes (RFCIs)recommended work practices for removal of existing resilientfloor coverings and the resilient flooring manufacturers writ-ten instructions should be consulted for a defined set ofinstructions which s
41、hould be followed if existing adhesivesmust be removed.8. Installation on Radiant Heated Floors8.1 Most resilient flooring can be installed on radiant heatedslabs providing the maximum temperature of the surface of theslab does not exceed 85F (29C) under any condition of use.Consult the resilient fl
42、ooring manufacturer for specific recom-mendations.9. Keywords9.1 adhesive removers; cement; concrete floors; installation;moisture; moisture vapor emissions; pH testing; preparation;resilient flooring; rubber; slabsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CONCRETE COMPOSITION AND PRACTICESX1.1 GeneralT
43、his brief information on concrete compo-sition and practices is provided to help specifiers, resilientflooring installers, and resilient flooring manufacturers under-stand the properties of concrete. A concrete slab is not an inertsubstrate. It is a complex mixture of organic and inorganicsubstances
44、 whose properties and condition will affect theperformance of a floor covering placed on its surface. Surfaceflatness, strength, joints, alkalinity, permeability, and manyother concrete properties will have a significant effect on thelong-term appearance and performance of resilient flooring.X1.1.1
45、Concrete used for most floors is a mixture ofhydraulic cement, fine aggregate (sand), coarse aggregate(stone), water and admixtures. In addition to these batchingredients, chemical admixtures can be used to control thesetting time, rate of strength development, workability, airentrapment, and other
46、properties of concrete. For example,water-reducing admixtures can increase the slump of freshconcrete without adding additional water. Pozzolanic admix-tures such as fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag aresometimes present as a partial replacement for the cement.Specifications and test m
47、ethods for cements and related mate-rials are found in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol04.01.X1.1.2 Lightweight concrete, less than 115 lb/ft3(1841kg/m3), may have such low strength that it is unsuitable forcovering with resilient flooring unless 1 in. (25 mm) or more ofstandard weight concrete
48、, generally 140 lb/ft3(2241 kg/m3)ormore, is used as a topping.X1.2 Water-Cement RatioThe most important factor af-fecting most concrete properties is the water-cement ratio. Thisis the ratio of the mass of water to the mass of cement in astandard volume of concrete. For a given concrete mix design,
49、as the water-cement ratio is increased, most concrete propertiesare affected negatively. Of special interest to the floor coveringindustry, compressive and flexural strengths are decreased,permeability is increased, and drying times are lengthened.Moderate to moderately low water-cement ratios (0.40 to 0.45)can be used to produce floor slabs that can easily be placed,finished, and dried, and which will have acceptable permeabil-ity to moisture. Floor slabs with water-cement ratios above0.60 take an exceedingly long time to dry and cause adhesivesor floor cover
