1、Designation: F833 13Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification forCarriages and Strollers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F833; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety performance specification addresses carriage and stroller incidents that wereidentified by the U.S. Consumer Pro
3、duct Safety Commission (CPSC).The CPSC identified injuries to children associated with the following: stability, brakes, restraintsystems, latches and folding mechanisms, structural integrity, cords, wheel detachment, and deathsdue to entrapment in openings of convertible carriage/strollers. In resp
4、onse to the incident-datacompiled by the CPSC, this consumer safety performance specification attempts to minimize thepreviously listed problems. This specification does not cover carriages and strollers that are blatantlymisused, although warnings and safety instructions are required to be prominen
5、tly displayed on orwith each carriage or stroller.NOTE 1This consumer safety performance specification is not intended to address incidents andinjuries resulting from the interaction of other persons with children in carriages or strollers orincidents resulting from unforeseeable abuse or misuse.Thi
6、s consumer safety performance specification is written within the current state of the art ofcarriage and stroller technology. It is intended that this specification will be updated wheneversubstantive information becomes available which necessitates additional requirements or justifies therevision
7、of existing requirements.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safetyperformance requirements, test methods, and labeling require-ments to minimize the hazards to children presented bycarriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Chil-drens products such as tricycle
8、s, bicycles or other similarwheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are notconsidered carriages or strollers subject to the requirements ofthis standard, even if the item has a temporary or permanenthandle.1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval dateof this consumer sa
9、fety performance specification shall, eitherby label or other means, indicate compliance with this speci-fication unless it conforms to all requirements herein.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI u
10、nits that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety speci-fication: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with i
11、ts use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Sa
12、fety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy SafetyF2680 Specification for Manually Operated Front WheelRetention Systems for Bicycles2.2 Federal Standards:16 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Contai
13、ning Paint31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.17 onCarriages, Strollers, Walkers and Stationary Activity Centers.Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. Originallyapproved
14、in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F833 11. DOI:10.1520/F0833-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、 onthe ASTM website.3Code of Federal Regulations, available from U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States116 CFR 1500 Hazardous Substances Act Regulations3in-cluding sections
16、:1500.48 Mechanical Requirements for Determining a SharpPoint in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining a SharpMetal or Glass Edge in Toys or OtherArticles Intended forUse by Children Under Eight Years of Age1500.50-5
17、2 Tests Methods for Simulating Use and Abuse ofToys and Other Articles Intended for Use by Children16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Years ofAge Which Present Choking, Aspiration, or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts316 CFR 150
18、8.07 (c)2.3 Other Standards:AS/NZS 2088 Prams and strollerssafety requirements4EN 1888 Child care articles - Wheeled child conveyances -Safety requirements and test methods53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 3D fold stroller, na stroller that, when folded,collapse
19、s all handlebars and leg tubes both in the front-to-back(or back-to-front) and side-to-side directions.3.1.2 carriage, nwheeled vehicle generally used for thetransport of an infant who is generally in a lying down position.The motive power is supplied by a person or persons pushingor pulling on a ha
20、ndle attached to the vehicle. A carriage maybe capable of being folded for storage.3.1.3 conspicuous, nlabel that is visible, when the unit isin a manufacturers recommended use position, to a personstanding near the unit at any one position around the unit butnot necessarily visible from all positio
21、ns.3.1.4 convertible carriage/stroller, nwheeled vehicle thatis intended to be converted by the owner to be used as either acarriage or a stroller.3.1.5 cord, na length of slender, flexible material includ-ing monofilaments, woven and twisted cord, rope, elasticcords, plastic textile tapes, ribbon,
22、and those fibrous materialscommonly called string.3.1.6 double action release mechanism, na release mecha-nism that requires either two consecutive actions, the first ofwhich must be maintained while the second is carried out, ortwo separate and independent single action locking mecha-nisms that mus
23、t be activated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.7 harness system, nshall include a waist and crotchrestraint and a means of restraining the upper torso.3.1.8 infant, nyoung child who is not capable of sittingunassisted.3.1.9 jogging stroller, nstroller intended to be used forchildren at a jogging
24、 rate (run at a steady slow trot).3.1.10 manufacturers recommended use position, nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for use of the product by the manufacturer in anydescriptive or instructional literature. This specifically ex-cludes positions that the
25、manufacturer shows in a like mannerin its literature to be unacceptable, unsafe, or not recom-mended.3.1.11 non-paper label, nany label material (such asplastic or metal) that either will not tear without the aid of toolsor tears leaving a sharply defined edge.3.1.12 occupant(s), nthat individual or
26、 those individualswho are in a product that is set up in one of the manufacturersrecommended use positions.3.1.13 occupant retention space, nspace enclosed by thesurfaces, for example, side walls or the floor, or both, of acarriage or convertible carriage/stroller that contains the occu-pant within
27、a carriage or a stroller in the reclined carriageposition.3.1.14 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.15 quick release mechanism, nlever-actuated cammechanism that connects and retains a wheel in a forkassembly.3.1.16 reclined carriage pos
28、ition, nadjustment position ofa convertible carriage/stroller that allows for an interior angleof greater than 150 between the seat surface and the backrest.3.1.17 removable-wheel fork assembly, nfork assemblyfrom which the wheel can be removed and reattached as amanufacturer recommended normal prod
29、uct use.3.1.17.1 DiscussionA removable-wheel fork assemblycan employ a quick release mechanism or other manuallyoperated mechanism that does not require the use of tools forinstallation or removal.3.1.18 saddle hinge link, na folding joint on the side of a3D fold stroller that connects the front leg
30、 tube and handletube.3.1.18.1 DiscussionIt includes a component (saddlehinge) that contains a pivot location and a recessed groove (seeFig. 1). When the stroller is unfolded, one of the tubes rotatesaround the saddle hinge pivot and rests in the recessed groove.3.1.19 static load, nvertically downwa
31、rd force applied bya calibrated force gage or by dead weights.3.1.20 strap, npiece of flexible material of which thewidth is significantly greater than the thickness.3.1.21 stroller, nwheeled vehicle for the transport ofinfants or children generally in a sitting-up or semi-reclinedposition. The moti
32、ve power is supplied by a person moving ata walking rate while pushing on a handle attached to thestroller. A stroller generally is capable of being folded forstorage. Strollers normally are used for children from infancyto 36 months of age.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be
33、conducted on a concrete floor thatshall be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl floor covering,unless test instructs differently.4Available from SAI Global, http:/.5Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), AvenueMarnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http:/www.cen.eu.F833 1324.2
34、The unit shall be completely assembled, unless other-wise noted, in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.4.3 No testing shall be conducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be in a room with anambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to
35、testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted on the same unit with the exception of 7.2, where a newunit can be used if the unit frame permanently deforms.5. General Requirements5.1 There shall be no hazardou
36、s points or edges as definedby 16 CFR 1500.48 and 16 CFR 1500.49 before and aftertesting to this consumer safety specification.5.2 There shall be no small parts as defined by 16 CFR 1501before testing or liberated as a result of testing to thisspecification.5.3 The paint and surface-coating on the p
37、roduct shallcomply to 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Prior to testing, any exposed wood parts shall be smoothand free of splinters.5.5 Latching Mechanisms:5.5.1 Any unit that folds shall have a latching device orother provision in the design that will prevent the unit fromunintentional folding when properly placed
38、 in the manufactur-ers recommended use position. Products with latching devicesfor prevention of unintentional folding shall be tested inaccordance with 7.2. During and upon completion of this test,the unit shall meet the requirements in 5.5.1.1 or 5.5.1.2.5.5.1.1 The locking device on the unit shal
39、l remain latched.5.5.1.2 The stroller frame components yield and perma-nently deform in a manner such that the full load specifiedcannot be applied in the direction of folding and the lockingdevice remains engaged.5.5.2 Strollers that employ hinged links with a geometricover center action (see Fig.
40、2) to maintain the product in thenormal use position shall require two distinct and separateactions on the part of the user to initiate folding of the product.Such strollers shall require only a single action on the part ofthe user to secure the stroller in the normal use position.5.6 OpeningsHoles
41、or slots that extend entirely through awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thic
42、kness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) but arelimited in depth to 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 3). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers recommended use positions.5.7 Scissoring, Shearing, Pinching:5.7.1 The unit, when in the manufactur
43、ers recommendeduse position, shall be designed and constructed so as to preventinjury to the occupant from any scissoring, shearing, orpinching when members or components rotate about a commonaxis or fastening point, slide, pivot, fold, or otherwise moverelative to one another. Scissoring, shearing,
44、 or pinching thatmay cause injury exists when the edges of the rigid parts admita 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter probe but do not admit a0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter probe at any accessible pointthroughout the range of motion of such parts. This excludes theadjustment of accessory items such as storag
45、e latches, baskets,etc.NOTE 1The evaluation at any given location is performed with theunderstanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from anyangle/direction.5.7.2 Saddle hinge links on 3D fold strollers shall bedesigned and constructed so as to prevent injury fromscissoring, sheari
46、ng, or pinching. Scissoring, shearing, orpinching that may cause injury exists in a saddle hinge linkwhen the edges of the rigid parts admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm)diameter probe but do not admit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)diameter probe when tested in accordance with 7.16.1.NOTE 2The evaluation at any give
47、n location is performed with theunderstanding that the probes are allowed to enter the location from anyangle/direction.FIG. 1 Saddle Hinge LinkFIG. 2 Stroller With Hinged LinkF833 1335.7.3 Canopy pivots and canopy frame members shallcomply with 5.7.1 when tested in accordance with 7.16.2.Canopy str
48、etcher/locking device(s) are exempt from this re-quirement (see Fig. 4). The interface between canopy rods andcanopy stops are exempt from this requirement if the canopyrod does not pass over or through the final canopy stop. Finalcanopy stops are those that prevent further movement oradjustment of
49、the canopy (see example in Fig. 5). Intermediatecanopy stop positions are not exempt from this requirement.5.8 Exposed Coil SpringsAny exposed coil spring whichis accessible to the occupant, having or capable of generatinga space between coils of 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) or greater duringstatic load testing (see 6.2 and 7.3) shall be covered orotherwise designed to prevent injury from entrapment.5.9 Labeling:5.9.1 Warning labels (whether paper or non-paper) shall bepermanent when tested in accordance with 7.8.1-7.8.3.5.9.2 War
