1、Designation: F2164 13F2164 18Standard Practice forField Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) and CrosslinkedPolyethylene (PEX) Pressure Piping Systems UsingHydrostatic Pressure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2164; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice provides information on apparatus, safety
3、, pre-test preparation, and procedures for conducting field tests ofpolyethylene and crosslinked polyethylene pressure piping systems by filling with a liquid and applying pressure to determine ifleaks exist in the system.1.2 This practice does not address leak testing using a pressurized gas (pneum
4、atic testing). For safety reasons, somemanufacturers prohibit or restrict pneumatic pressure testing of their products. Failure during a pressure leak test can be explosive,violent, and dangerous, especially if a compressed gas is used. In a compressed gas test, both the pressure stress on the syste
5、m andthe energy used to compress the gas are released at a failure. Contact component manufacturers for information about testing withgas under pressure.For field leak testing using pressurized gas, see Practice F2786.1.3 This practice does not apply to leak testing of non-pressure, gravity-flow, ne
6、gative pressure (vacuum), or non-thermoplasticpiping systems. For field-testing of plastic gravity flow sewer lines, see Test Method F1417.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provid
7、ed for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices an
8、d determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional safety information is presented in Section 7 and throughout thisstandard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decisio
9、n on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsF412 Terminology Relatin
10、g to Plastic Piping SystemsF1417 Practice for Installation Acceptance of Plastic Non-pressure Sewer Lines Using Low-Pressure AirF2786 Practice for Field Leak Testing of Polyethylene (PE) Pressure Piping Systems Using Gaseous Testing Media UnderPressure (Pneumatic Leak Testing)2.2 Other Documents:PPI
11、 TR-4-PPI Listing of Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Bases (PDB) and Minimum Required Strength(MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Materials33. Terminology3.1 Abbreviations and terms are in accordance with Terminology D1600 and Terminology F412 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Defini
12、tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.Current edition approved April 1, 2013Aug. 1, 2018. Published April 2013August 2018. Originally a
13、pproved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20102013 asF21641013.1. DOI: 10.1520/F2164-13.10.1520/F2164-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the
14、 standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what chang
15、es have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offici
16、al document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.1 authority having jurisdiction, nthe organization, office, or individual responsible for “approving” equ
17、ipment andinstallation, or a procedure.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe term “authority having jurisdiction” is used in this practice in a broad manner since jurisdictions and “approval” agencies vary,as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is concerned, the “authority having jurisdiction” may be a f
18、ederal, state, local, orother regional department or individual such as a Fire Chief, Fire Marshall, chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department,building official, or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau,or other insuran
19、ce company representative may be the “authority having jurisdiction.” In many circumstances, the property owneror his authorized engineer or agent assumes the role of the “authority having jurisdiction”; at government installations, thecommanding officer or departmental official may be the “authorit
20、y having jurisdiction.”3.2.2 approved, vtacceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.3.2.3 pressure piping system, na piping system where all components in the system are pressure rated and intended forconveying a fluid under continuous internal pressure. (See also Terminology F412, pressure pip
21、e and non-pressure pipe.) To verifysuitability for pressure service, consult the component manufacturer.NOTE 1PPI TR-4 provides information about stress ratings for some plastic materials and products.3.2.4 restraint, ntemporary or permanent structural measures or devices which restrict, guide, prev
22、ent, or safely limitdisjoining or movement of piping system components while the system is under pressure during testing or service conditions.Restraint may include backfill, anchors, thrust blocks, external clamps and tie rods (joint restraints), pipe guides, and so forth.Restraint means that if vi
23、olent separation or failure occurs during the test, any movement of components or parts is sufficientlyconstrained such that damage or injury is prevented.3.2.5 system design pressure, nthe limiting continuous internal pressure specified by the piping system designer. Systemdesign pressure may be le
24、ss than the pressure ratings of components in the system. System design pressure may be limited bycomponent pressure ratings, by code or application requirements, or by other restrictions.3.2.6 visible leakage, nthe visible escape (drip, spray, stream, flow, and so forth.) of test liquid from the te
25、st section throughcomponents, joints, connections, appurtenances, and the like in the test section.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The section of the piping system to be tested is isolated from other parts of the system and restrained against movement toprevent catastrophic failure. Components that are no
26、t to be subjected to test pressure or could be damaged by test pressure areisolated or removed as necessary. Isolated components are vented to atmosphere. The test section is filled with the testing liquid,raised to the test pressure, and allowed to stabilize. The system is inspected or monitored fo
27、r leakage, and then test pressure isrelieved. If repairs or corrections are necessary, they are performed only when the test section is depressurized. If necessary, a retestis performed after a relaxation period. At the conclusion of an acceptable test, the test section may be placed in service. Pur
28、gingand disposal of the test liquid from the test section may be necessary.4.2 Acceptance is determined by the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.4.3 The authority having jurisdiction may specify procedures or requirements for test liquid disposal or erosion control.5. Significance and Us
29、e5.1 If required by the authority having jurisdiction, hydrostatic pressure leak testing may be conducted to discover and correctleaks or faults in a newly constructed or modified polyethylene or crosslinked polyethylene pressure piping system before placingthe system in service. Leakage or faults u
30、sually occur at connections, joints, and mechanical seals where sealing under pressureis required. (WarningSafety is of paramount importance when conducting hydrostatic pressure leak tests because testing underpressure may cause sudden violent rupture or failure.)5.2 This practice uses a pressurized
31、 liquid to test for leaks. It does not verify if a piping material or a piping system design issuitable for pressure service. The suitability of a piping system for pressure service and its pressure rating or operating pressureis determined solely by its design and its installed components.5.3 Syste
32、ms that are not suitable for pressure testing should not be pressure tested. Such systems may contain lower pressurerated or non-pressure rated components that cannot be isolated from test pressure, or temporary caps or closures may not bepractical. In these systems, leak inspections should be condu
33、cted during and after installation. Inspections typically include visualexamination of joint appearance, mechanical checks of bolt or joint tightness, and other relevant examinations. See also TestMethod F1417.5.4 Leakage AllowanceThere is no leakage allowance for a section of heat-fusion joined pol
34、yethylene piping, becauseproperly made heat fusion joints do not leak. See 7.6.1.F2164 1825.4.1 Other types of joints or connections in the system may have a leakage allowance. Contact the joint or connectionmanufacturer for information.5.5 Expansion AllowanceWhen test pressure is applied, polyethyl
35、ene or crosslinked polyethylene pipe will expand slightlydue to elasticity and Poisson effects. To compensate for expansion, make-up water is added during the initial expansion phase. Theamount of make-up water (expansion allowance) will vary because expansion is not linear. This procedure compensat
36、es forexpansion with an initial expansion phase, followed by a test phase. In the test phase, expansion is suspended by slightly reducingtest pressure. See 9.6.5.6 Poisson EffectWhen test pressure is applied to plastic piping systems that have fully restrained joints (joints such as heatfusion, elec
37、trofusion, bolted flanges, and so forth.), diametrical expansion of the pipe may reduce the overall length of the fullyrestrained section. Poisson-effect length reduction may affect or cause disjoining in other contiguous sections that have partiallyrestrained or non-restrained joints, such as bell-
38、and-spigot joints, when such joints are in-line with the test section. To preventPoisson-effect disjoining, take measures such as the installation of external joint restraints (diametrical clamps and tie-rods) onin-line non-restrained joints, installing in-line thrust anchors at the ends of the full
39、y restrained section, or isolating the fullyrestrained test section from piping with non-restrained or partially restrained joints.NOTE 2When a tensile stress is applied to a material, it will elongate in the direction of the applied stress, and will decrease in dimension at rightangles to the direc
40、tion of the applied stress. The ratio of decrease to elongation is the Poisson ratio. Under test pressure, piping materials will expandslightly in diameter and contract in length slightly according to the Poisson ratio of the material.6. Apparatus and Equipment for Hydrostatic Procedures6.1 GeneralC
41、omponents such as caps, valves, blind flanges, manual or automatic air release devices, vents, and other devicesthat are used to isolate the test section from other parts of the system, to purge air from the system, and to isolate components thatare not to be subjected to test pressure are generally
42、 needed.6.1.1 Test section isolation and closure components are to be rated for pressures equal to or greater than the test pressure appliedto the test section.6.1.2 Although section isolation and closure components may only be connected to the test section for the duration of the test,the joint bet
43、ween the test section and a closure or isolation component should be at least as strong as joints in the test section.Additional restraint may be required.6.1.3 Air release devices should be located at all high points along the test section.6.1.4 Excessively worn or deteriorated equipment is unsuita
44、ble and is not to be used.6.2 Test LiquidAn adequate supply of a safe test liquid, such as water, is necessary. The test liquid should be of appropriatesafety and quality so that the environment, system, test equipment, and disposal (if necessary) are not adversely affected.6.2.1 Where an existing w
45、ater supply is used to supply test water, protect the existing water supply from backflowcontamination in accordance with local codes or as required by the authority having jurisdiction. Remove backflow protection andisolate the test section from the existing water supply before testing.6.2.2 Exclud
46、ing retesting (if necessary), the quantity of liquid needed to fill the internal volume of the pipe test section andaccommodate test section expansion and possible leakage at non-fusion joints and seals is estimated using:Vgal51.01530.043IDin.!23Lft (1)Vm351.01530.785310263IDmm!23Lmwhere:Vgal = pipe
47、 section volume, U.S. gal,IDin. = pipe inside diameter, in.,Lft = test section length, ft,Vm3 = pipe section volume, m3,IDmm = pipe inside diameter, mm, andLm = test section length, m.6.3 Filling and Pressurizing EquipmentLiquid filling and pressurizing equipment such as pumps, and pressure regulati
48、ngdevices will usually be necessary. Filling equipment should be capable of filling the test section in a reasonable time against anyelevation head pressure that may be present. Pressurizing equipment should be able to maintain the necessary test pressure in thetest section and provide sufficient qu
49、antities of make-up test liquid for the duration of the test. Pressure regulating equipmentshould be capable of maintaining test pressure for the duration of the test.6.3.1 Filling equipment and pressurizing equipment do not need to be the same equipment.6.4 Pressure MonitoringUse at least one calibrated pressure gage or sensor accurate to within two percent (2 %) of full scale.It is preferred that the gage or sensor full scale value not be more than twice the test pressure, and that scale graduations be nogreater than two percent (2 %) of the full scale value
