1、Designation: F 2168 02An American National StandardStandard Specification forPacking Material, Graphitic, Corrugated Ribbon or TexturedTape, and Die-Formed Ring1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2168; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 ScopeThis specification covers various types, classes,and grades of
3、 flexible graphite material in which valve mediatemperatures are limited to a maximum of 1050F (966C).Where this specification is invoked as ASTM F 2168, Sections1-18 apply. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM/DoDF 2168, Sections 1-18 and the Supplementary Requirementsare applicable.1.2 The
4、values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 559 Test Method for Bulk Density by Physical Measure-ments of Manufactured Carbon and Graphite Articles2C 561 Test Method for Ash in a Graphite Sample2C 816 Test Method for Sulfur in Graphite by Combu
5、stion-Iodometric Titration Method2C 889 Test Methods for Chemical and Mass SpectrographicAnalysis of Nuclear-Grade Gadolinium Oxide (Gd2O3)Powder3D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-eral Bomb Method)4D 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion in Water5D 1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Io
6、n in Water5D 1246 Test Method for Bromide Ion in Water5D 3178 Test Methods for Carbon and Hydrogen in theAnalysis Sample of Coal and Coke6D 3684 Test Method for Total Mercury in Coal by theOxygen Bomb Combustion/Atomic Absorption Method6D 3761 Test Method for Total Fluorine in Coal by theOxygen Bomb
7、 Combustion/Ion Selective ElectrodeMethod6D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging7D 4239 Test Methods for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample ofCoal and Coke Using High Temperature Tube FurnaceCombustion Methods63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accordion crease, nbecause of the method of con-struction
8、 of die-formed rings, an accordion-like linear indica-tion (crease) may appear singularly or in multiple locationsaround the inside and outside diameter surface.3.1.2 corrosion inhibitors, nadditives to the products tofunction in a passive or sacrificial manner to reduce galvaniccorrosion. These add
9、itives are typically embedded zinc pow-der, phosphorus, or barium molybdate.3.1.3 corrugated ribbon, ngraphite ribbon or tape that issubjected to mechanical pressure in a consistent manner toapply surface indentations to the tape or ribbon.3.1.4 density, nthe mass per unit volume at a specifiedtempe
10、rature.3.1.5 detrimental materials, nabrasive or chemically ac-tive constituents such as ash particles (in high ash content foils)or elemental materials that can cause galvanic action orcorrosion in long-term storage or service environments.3.1.6 die-formed ring, na packing ring made by mechani-call
11、y compacting winds of graphite ribbon or braided packingin a die or fixture.3.1.7 lot, nall finished packing of one size, type, class,and grade produced in a continuous run or at the same timeunder essentially the same conditions.3.1.8 set, nthe packing components required to pack onevalve.3.1.9 siz
12、e, nrefers to the physical dimensions of thepacking material.4. Classification4.1 ClassificationThe material shall be of the followingtypes, classes, and grades as specified (see Section 5).4.1.1 Type ICorrugated ribbon or textured tape.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、 F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 onInsulation Systems.Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published April 2002.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 12.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03.5
14、Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.06.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.2 Type IIDie-formed ring.4.1.3 Class 1For use where detr
15、imental material contentof the packing need not be controlled beyond normal manu-facturing limit (commercial grade).4.1.4 Class 2For use where detrimental material contentmust be controlled to the limits specified herein.4.1.5 Grade ATreated with corrosion inhibitor.4.1.6 Grade BNo corrosion inhibit
16、or.5. Ordering Information5.1 Contracts or orders for the units under this specificationshall include the following information:5.1.1 Title, number, and date of this specification.5.1.2 Type, class, and grade.5.1.3 Type of corrosion inhibitor (see 6.1.3 and Supplemen-tary Requirements).5.1.4 Specify
17、 density of die-formed rings.5.1.5 Inspection, testing, and certification of the materialshould be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplieras part of the purchase contract (see Sections 14 and 16).5.1.6 When die-formed (Type II) packing rings are desired,the ring height, inside diameter, o
18、utside diameter, number ofcuts, and number of packing rings required per set (see 9.2 and9.3).5.1.7 Marking requirements (see Section 17 and Supple-mentary Requirements).5.1.8 Packaging requirements (see Section 18 and Supple-mentary Requirements).5.1.9 Application data (to include operating pressur
19、e, oper-ating temperature, and media).5.1.10 Specify thickness of Type I.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 MaterialRequirements specified herein apply to Class1 and Class 2 and Grade A and Grade B packing, except wherenoted.6.1.1 Type IThe packing shall be made entirely of flexiblegraphitic material h
20、aving no binders and meeting the require-ments of Tables 1 and 2.6.1.2 Type IIDie-formed packing rings shall be manufac-tured from flexible graphitic material conforming to the re-quirements of Tables 1 and 2.6.1.3 Coating and Corrosion-Inhibiting Treatments:6.1.3.1 Grade AGrade A packing shall be p
21、rovided with apowdered zinc active corrosion-inhibiting treatment or a pas-sive inhibiting treatment such as phosphorous or bariummolybdate, as specified (see Section 5). If the use of inhibitorsis required, both passive and active inhibitors shall be permit-ted to be used.6.1.3.2 Grade BGrade B pac
22、king shall not containcorrosion-inhibiting additives.6.1.4 Mercury ExclusionDuring manufacturing, fabrica-tion, handling, packaging, and packing, the packing materialshall not come in contact with mercury or mercury containingcompounds.7. Properties7.1 Chemical and Physical PropertiesUnless otherwis
23、especified, the properties of the finished packing shall conformto the requirements of Table 1. Class 2 also requires compli-ance with Table 2.7.2 Prohibited AdditionsThere shall be no intentionaladditions of any of the detrimental materials of Table 2 orantimony (Sb), arsenic (As), bismuth (Bi), ca
24、dmium (Cd),gallium (Ga), indium (In), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), silver (Ag),or tin (Sn) during the manufacturing, fabrication, handling,packaging, and packing of the product.8. Other Requirements8.1 No other requirements noted.9. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations9.1 Type I Ribbon PackingUn
25、less otherwise specified (seeSection 5), the packing shall be uniformly coiled, spooled, orreeled in accordance with Table 3.9.2 Type II Die-Formed PackingUnless otherwise speci-fied (see Section 5), the tolerances for Type II packing shall bein accordance with Table 4. The tolerance applies to fini
26、shedrings before any cutting operations.9.3 Split RingsThe number of cuts (zero, one, or two)shall be as specified (see Section 5). Cuts shall be made atapproximately a 45 angle such that an overlapping joint isformed in the compressed state. When two cuts are required(separating the ring into two p
27、arts), the resulting parts shall beapproximately the same dimension. If the number of cuts is notspecified, single-cut rings shall be provided.10. Workmanship, Finish and Appearance10.1 WorkmanshipThe packing shall be free from extra-neous material and visual defects that may affect its service-abil
28、ity, as defined in Table 5.TABLE 1 Chemical and Physical PropertiesProperty Value Unit TestDensity, bulk as specified kg/m313.5Ash 1 % by mass, max 13.3Graphite purity 99 %, min 13.4TABLE 2 Detrimental Materials (Class 2 Only (See 13.6)ElementMaximum Total Allowable ImpurityLevels in Parts per Milli
29、on (ppm)Mercury (Hg) 10Sulfur (S) 750Total halogens (chlorine, bromine, and fluorine) 500Chlorine (Cl) 250Bromine (Br) 250Fluorine (F) 250TABLE 3 Dimensions for Type IWidth Length, min0.25 6 0.030 in (6 6 0.075 mm) 25 ft (7.62 m)0.50 6 0.030 in (12 6 0.075 mm) 25 ft (7.62 m)0.75 6 0.030 in (18 6 0.0
30、75 mm) 50 ft (15.24 m)1.00 6 0.030 in (25 6 0.075 mm) 50 ft (15.24 m)F216802211. Quality Assurance11.1 Quality SystemsManufacturers shall be prepared todocument use of a quality system such as compliance with anISO 9000 series program or similar program.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Specimen Preparat
31、ionBuyer and seller shall agreeon specimen preparation.13. Test Methods13.1 TestsIn the event tests are required as part of thepurchasing requirements (see 5.1.5), tests shall be made inaccordance with the following tests or by way of alternatemethods of analysis with equal to or improved accuracy a
32、ndprecision. The use of an alternate analytical method requiresthe prior written consent of the purchasing party beforeacceptance will be allowed. Except for the corrosion-inhibitingtreatment exceptions of 13.3 and 13.4, all testing shall beperformed on final product after completion of all processi
33、ng,including application of any binders and, if required, corrosioninhibitors.13.2 SizeThe size shall be determined by measuring eachsample selected for visual examination (see Table 4).13.3 Ash ContentThe ash content shall be determined inaccordance with Test Method C 561 (see Table 1). For Grade A
34、packing only, the test shall be conducted before the corrosion-inhibiting treatment or the added mass of the corrosioninhibitor shall be determined and subtracted from the basemass of the sample.13.4 Graphite PurityThe sample shall be dried to aconstant mass at 300 6 5F (149 6 3C) before testing. Fo
35、rGrade A packing only, the test shall be conducted before thecorrosion-inhibiting treatment or the added mass of the corro-sion inhibitor shall be determined and subtracted from the basemass of the sample. The percent carbon shall be based uponmass of the dried sample. This determination shall be ma
36、de inaccordance with Test Methods D 3178 or an alternate methodof analysis with equal or improved accuracy and precision (seeTable 1).13.5 Bulk DensityThe bulk density of the Type I and TypeII materials shall be determined in accordance with TestMethod C 559.13.6 Detrimental Material TestsFor determ
37、ination of thedetrimental materials listed in Table 2 for Class 2 only, the testmethods of Table 6 or alternate methods of equal or improvedaccuracy and precision shall be used.14. Inspection and Testing14.1 Inspection and testing of the material should be agreedupon between the purchaser and the su
38、pplier as part of thepurchase contract (see 5.1.5).15. Rejection15.1 Materials that fail to conform to the requirements ofthis specification shall be rejected. Rejection shall be reportedto the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. In case ofdissatisfaction with the results of testing, the p
39、roducer shallmake claim for a rehearing or provide for third party testing.TABLE 4 Tolerances for Type II PackingInside Diameter(i.d.)Outside Diameter(o.d.)Thicknessto 1 in. (25 mm)o.d.+0.010 in. (0.25 mm) +0.000 in. (0.000 mm) 60.020 in. (0.50 mm)-0.000 in. (0.000 mm) -0.010 in. (0.25 mm)1 in. (25
40、mm)and above o.d.+0.015 in. (0.38 mm) +0.000 in. (0.000 mm) 60.030 in. (0.75 mm)-0.000 in. (0.000 mm) -0.015 in. (0.38 mm)TABLE 5 Classification of Visual DefectsItem CategoryMajorType I corrugated ribbonor textured tapeVoid.Rip or tear in ribbon.Particulate or extraneous matter on surface that isno
41、t easily removed without damaging the packing.Noncontinuous length (no joints).Lack of corrugation or textured surface area.Creasing or crimping.Type II die-formed rings Holes or voids.Particulate or extraneous matter on surface that isnot easily removed without damaging the packing.Delaminations (l
42、aminated rings).Gouges (minor indentations less than 0.005 in. indepth resulting from normal production andhandling are acceptable).Split rings not cut cleanly.Lack of corrosion inhibitor (Grade A only).Wrong corrosion inhibitor (Grade A only).Presence of corrosion inhibitor (Grade B only).Cracking
43、(crevices of no appreciable widthassociated with folds (accordion creases), plyterminations, or plies of die molded ribbonpacking rings are acceptable.)TABLE 6 Detrimental Materials TestsElement Preparation/Analysis Test MethodsChlorine (Cl),bromine (Br)(l) pyrohydrolysis (C 889)/ion chromatographic
44、 analysis(2) D 129/D 512(3) D 1246 (for bromine)Fluorine (F) (l) pyrohydrolysis (C 889)/selective ion electrode orion chromatographic analysis(2) D 129/D 1179(3) D 3761 (sample preparation and analysis)Sulfur (S) (1) high temperature combustion in 100 % oxygen/nondispersive infrared analysis or ion
45、chromatographicanalysis(2) C 816 (sample preparation and analysis)(3) D 4239 Method 3 (sample preparation andanalysis)Mercury (Hg) (1) direct analysis of volatile elements (Hg) byemission spectrographic method(2) direct analysis of volatile elements by atomicabsorption per D 3684F216802316. Certific
46、ation16.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, thepurchaser shall be furnished certification that samples repre-senting each lot have been tested and the requirements havebeen met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, areport of the test results shall be furnished.16.2 Detr
47、imental Materials ControlFor Class 2 materialonly, the vendor shall provide certification that the limits ofTable 2 have been met and that low melting metals (Sb, As, Bi,Cd, Pb, Sn, Ga, In, Ag, Hg and Zn Zn for Grade B only) havenot been added as intentional constituents. In lieu of specifictest res
48、ults for the lot to be delivered, certifications shall bebased on tests of both raw materials and production lots ofsimilar finished packing material over an extended time period(not exceeding three years between tests). Any change tomanufacturing processing that affects product composition,includin
49、g changes to raw material, binders, or inhibitors (GradeA) shall require additional testing to form the basis for futurecertifications.17. Product Marking17.1 MarkingFor commercial shipment, marking shall bein accordance with accepted industry practices or as required inthe purchase contract (see 5.1.1). Marking shall include type ofcorrosion inhibitor, if any.18. Packaging18.1 Commercial PackagingCommercial packaging shallbe in accordance with Practice D 3951 or as required in thepurchase contract (see 5.1.1).19. Keywords19.1 flexible gra
