1、Designation: F 2175 07Standard Specification forPortable and Permanent Emergency Escape Ladders forResidential Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes recognized performancerequirements for portable and permanent emergency escapeladd
3、ers for residential use.1.2 This specification replaces provisional standard PS 117.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to consult andestablish appropriate safety and health pra
4、ctices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position2.2 Underwriters Laboratories Standard:3UL 746b Oven Aging Techniques3. Requir
5、ements3.1 The ladder shall show evidence of good workmanshipand meet the following requirements:3.1.1 Vertical Static LoadThe ladder components shallnot allow evidence of failure (material or joint separation,cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.1.3.1.2 Horizontal Static LoadThe l
6、adder components shallnot show evidence of failure (material or joint separation,cracking, or collapse) when tested in accordance with 4.2.3.1.3 Rung/Step StrengthThe rungs/steps shall not showany evidence of failure (material or joint separation, cracking,or collapse) when tested in accordance with
7、 4.3.3.1.4 Rung/Step/Side Support ShearThe rungs/steps andside support shall not show evidence of failure (material orjoint separation, cracking, or collapse) when tested in accor-dance with 4.4.3.1.5 Deployment WeightMaximum weight of the laddershall be less than or equal to 20 lb (9.0 kg) for a 20
8、-ft (5.1-m)ladder and not more than 0.75 ft (.34 kg) per foot (30 cm) ofadditional length.3.1.6 Deployment TimeDeployment of the ladder shall beless than 60 s as tested in accordance with 4.5.3.1.7 Hook or Attachment StabilityThe unit shall havehooks or other means of attachment to the window or per
9、ma-nent structural attachment that are stable. With the ladder inplace, no hazardous condition shall be created when tested inaccordance with 5.1.3.1.8 Rung/Step SizeRungs/steps shall be 0.97 in.(25 mm) minimum in depth and greater than 10 in. (254 mm)in width. For rungs made from round tubing, the
10、minimumrung depth can be reduced at each end for attachment to sidesupports.3.1.9 Rung/Step Release MechanismFor ladders havingrung/step release mechanisms, the pull force to release anddeploy the ladder shall be 5 lb (2.3 kg) or less.3.1.10 Heat Deflection TemperatureAll materials thatsoften or mel
11、t by heat used in support components of the ladderincluding the rungs, rung supports, and hooks, shall have a heatdeflection temperature, as measured by Test Method D 648,ofnot less than 150C at 66 psi (455 kPa).3.1.11 StandoffStandoffs for each rung/step shall be sup-plied with each ladder. Minimum
12、 distance between the outerface of the rung/step and standoff contact at building shall benot less than 3.6 in. (9.1 cm). If standoffs are shippedunattached, the label shown in Section 5 shall be used onopposite sides of the final package.3.1.12 Designed LengthDesigned for a maximum use of 3stories
13、(unless specified otherwise).3.1.13 Rung/Step SpacingRungs/steps shall be spaced at auniform distance and spaced at intervals of 13 6 2 in.(325 6 5 cm).3.1.14 Rungs/StepsRungs/steps are to be corrugated, ser-rated, knurled, dimpled, embossed, or coated with slip-resistantmaterial.3.1.15 Rated LoadTh
14、e rated load shall be indicated foreach ladder and shall be rated at 250 lb or more.3.1.16 Stress ReliefRungs/steps, rung/step supports,hooks or permanent structural attachment assembly shall standconditioning at 70C for 7 h without significant deformation or1This specification is under the jurisdic
15、tion of ASTM Committee F15 onConsumer Products F15.47 on Fire Ladders.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2007. Published March 2007. Last previousedition approved in 2002 as F 2175 02.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.
16、org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East,Englewood, CO 80112.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
17、9428-2959, United States.any cracking that would, in any way, adversely affect thefunctionality of the ladder.3.1.17 Heat AgingPolymeric components shall have acalculated use temperature of 75C or more when heat agedaccording to UL 746b or shall be heat aged at 100C for 1000 hwithout a 25 % or more
18、decrease (unaged to aged) in tensileproperties.4. Test Methods4.1 Vertical Static Load TestThe ladder shall be mountedas intended and subjected to a vertical static load of three timesthe rated load to evaluate the hook or anchoring, rung/step, andrung/step support components. The loads shall be eve
19、nlydistributed along length of the ladder, with a maximum of250 lb (113 kg) per rung, for 1 min. Following the test, theladder shall be examined for evidence of failure.4.2 Horizontal Static Load TestThe ladder shall bemounted as intended and subjected to a horizontal static load of200 lb (91 kg) to
20、 evaluate the hook (for portable ladders) orpermanent structural attachment (for permanent ladders) andstandoff components. The load(s) shall be applied at the pointwhere it would cause the greatest stress on the component for1 min. Following this test, the components shall be visuallyexamined for e
21、vidence of failure.4.3 Rung/Step Strength TestRungs/steps shall be mountedas intended to the side supports and subjected to a static loadof 750 lb (340 kg) applied at the center of the rung/step of a4-in. (10-cm) width for 1 min. Following the test, the rung/stepand side support shall be visually ex
22、amined for evidence offailure.4.4 Rung/Step Support Shear TestRungs/steps shall bemounted as intended to the side supports and subjected to astatic load of 750 lb (340 kg) applied to the rung/step of a 4-in.(10-cm) width immediately adjacent to the side support for 1min. Following the test, the rung
23、/step and side support shall bevisually examined for evidence of failure.4.5 Deployment Test:4.5.1 A variety of able-bodied individuals who have noprior knowledge of the product shall deploy and use the ladderthrough a window opening as defined and instructed by themanufacturer. Each test person sha
24、ll be evaluated for theirability to follow the instructions correctly, install the ladder(for portable ladders), deploy the ladder, and climb through thewindow and down the ladder. The deployment shall be timed.4.5.2 All members of the testing group shall accomplishdeployment through an opening in 1
25、 min. or less.NOTE 1The time period shall start at the time the person grasps theladder and shall end when the ladder is fully deployed (as intended foruse).4.6 Abnormal Operation TestA representative sample ofthe ladder shall be mounted as intended and subjected to thefollowing test: A 250-lb (113-
26、kg) load shall be placed 10 ft(3.0 m) below the hooks or permanent structural attachment.The bottom end of the ladder shall be displaced 10 to the rightfrom vertical. The ladder shall be evaluated for evidence ofslipping, disconnection, or any other hazardous conditions withrespect to attachment to
27、the window sill or permanent struc-tural attachment.5. Labels5.1 If any assembly by the consumer is required, the label inFig. 1 shall be visible on two opposite sides of the finalpackage. Similar wording shall be included in any advertisingcopy. The words “some assembly” may be modified to be mores
28、pecific, for example, standoffs only.6. Marking6.1 The companys name, model designation, and date ofmanufacture (month and year) or dated serial number shall bepermanently marked on the product. The following informa-tion shall be on the product:6.1.1 Ladder length,6.1.2 Ladder load rating,6.1.3 Min
29、imum window opening dimensions,6.1.4 Maximum window sill depth for portable escapeladders, and6.1.5 Instructions for deployment.7. Instructions7.1 For portable ladders, the shipping box shall contain thefollowing statement: READ INSTRUCTIONS FOR ASSEM-BLY AND USE IMMEDIATELY UPON PURCHASE. Forperman
30、ent ladders, the shipping box or cover of the installationmanual shall contain the following statement: BEFORE YOUINSTALL OR USE THIS PRODUCT, READ INSTRUC-TIONS COMPLETELY AND CAREFULLY. Instructions forproper installation, assembly, operation, and use shall beprovided with each unit and shall incl
31、ude the following:7.1.1 Load ratings (lb) and required window openings.7.1.2 Instructions for proper use with step-by-step pictorialdescription. Must include instructions for proper securement ofhook for portable ladders, installation and deployment ofpermanent ladders and lowering ladder.7.1.3 The
32、statement “Close doors before opening any win-dows to prevent fire from being drawn into the room.”7.1.4 The statement “Do not lean away from ladder” or“Keep body close to ladder.”7.1.5 The statement “Unless absolutely necessary, do notcarry a child when using this ladder.”7.1.6 The statement “Do no
33、t carry pets or miscellaneousobjects when using this ladder.”FIG. 1 Warning LabelF21750727.1.7 The statement “Instruct family members to use theescape ladder only when the primary escape path (that is, themain exit) is blocked or unsafe to use,” or equivalent.7.1.8 The statement “This escape ladder
34、is not a toy orrecreational device. Instruct children that the ladder is to beused only in an emergency or adult supervised exit drill,” orequivalent.7.1.9 The statement “For use only in windows that arestructurally safe for the intended load,” or equivalent.7.1.10 The statement “Not recommended for
35、 use with stormwindows or other windows that do not open to the recom-mended minimum dimensions (_),” or equivalent.7.1.11 The statement “Make sure ladder is correct length.Do not use above 2 or 3-story height” (indicated on productlabel).7.1.12 Instructions advising the user not to attempt todeploy
36、 the ladder from windows that are obstructed byfurniture, radiators, air conditioning units, or security devicessuch as grilles or bars (without inside release mechanisms).7.1.13 Instructions advising the user to check for outsideobstructions such as electric lines, telephone wires, or fences.7.1.14
37、 For portable escape ladders, instructions advising theuser not to attempt to use the ladder if the window sill does notmeet the size range specified by the manufacturer.Additionally,a schematic showing the minimum and maximum dimensionsof window sills to accommodate ladder hooks.7.1.15 The statemen
38、t “After assembly, plan and practicedrills to ensure that occupants are familiar enough for properuse. This ladder is intended to supplement (not replace) themore important fire protection principles of fire drills, emer-gency evacuation plans, smoke detectors, fire extinguishers,etc.,” or equivalen
39、t.7.1.16 The ladder should be periodically inspected fordamage, loosening of any assembled items, incorrect assembly,or significant deterioration of the materials of construction.7.1.17 The ladder is designed for use by one person at atime.7.1.18 For portable escape ladders, store the ladder in acon
40、venient location near the emergency escape window; forexample, under bed, in closet, etc.7.1.19 Provide instructions, if needed for returning ladder to“ready state” after practice drills.7.1.20 RepackingInstructions shall be given in clear de-tail as to any appropriate repacking of the ladder for su
41、bsequentuse.8. Keywords8.1 emergency egress; escape ladder; fire safety; ladder;safety standardASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determina
42、tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or with
43、drawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that you
44、r comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).F2175073
