1、Designation: F2203 13Standard Test Method forLinear Measurement Using Precision Steel Rule1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numb
2、er in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of lineardimension of flexible packages and packaging materials. It isrecommended for use with an a
3、llowable tolerance range of 3mm (18 in.) or greater based on gage repeatability andreproducibility presented in the Precision and Bias section.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equiv
4、alents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible BarrierPackagingE691 Practice for Conducting an I
5、nterlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 linear dimensionthe measurement of length, widthor relative positions.3.1.2 parallax errorthe error resulting from a change inobservational relationship to a fixed position. For example,looking at a me
6、asurement gage from different angles can causevariation in the reporting of that measurement.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring lineardimensions. Accurate measurement of dimensions can becritical to meeting specifications and characterizing processperformance.
7、4.2 This test method should not be applied to toleranceranges of less than 3 mm (18 in.) when it is preferable that testerror does not exceed 30 % of tolerance range. See Precisionand Bias Section for gage repeatability and reproducibilityresults.4.3 This test method does not address acceptability c
8、riteria.These need to be jointly determined by the user and producerof the product.5. Apparatus5.1 Precision Steel Rule:5.1.1 Tempered steel rule in increments of164 in., 100ths, or12 mm.5.1.2 Steel rule should be of sufficient length to measure fulldimension of interest.5.1.3 It is recommended that
9、 a calibration be performed onthe apparatus used and it is certified to a recognized industrystandard.6. Sampling6.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to bepredictive of performance. Caution should be taken wheneliminating samples with defects as this can bias results.7. Conditioning7.
10、1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the materialunder evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,normal, and desirable, refer to Specification E171.8. Procedure8.1 Review applicable specifications, drawings, or proce-dures. Specify unit of measure to be used and directions re
11、latedto precision requirements (for example, measure to nearest 0.5mm, round up or down to nearest 0.5 mm, to164 in., etc.).Depending upon the level of accuracy and visual acuity, imagemagnification may be an aid.8.2 Lay sample to be measured on flat surface with suffi-cient color contrast to distin
12、guish the edge of the sample.Sample should lay flat and smooth without wrinkles, creases orfolds. Material should not be under tension when measured.8.3 Lay ruler over product or place product on top of rulerso that the characteristic to be measured can be clearly viewedand referenced to the ruler.
13、Care should be taken to properly1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 2002. Last pre
14、vious edition approved in 2012 as F2203 02 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/F2203-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe AS
15、TM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1align sample to avoid skewing errors. A ruler may be set onedge along the surface rather than laid flat if the risk of parallaxerror is apparent.8.4 Carefully align the starti
16、ng point of the measurement tothe leading edge of fixed scale division on rule (Fig. 1,Example A). Then measure to the end point of the character-istic. Note the scale division on the ruler that corresponds to theend point of the measurement. Determine the measurement bysubtracting the start point m
17、easurement from the end point.Record the number in the unit of measure and precisionrequired by specification.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time, loca-tion and operator of test and complete identification of mate-rials being tested,9.1.2
18、 Any conditioning of the materials,9.1.3 Any and all deviations from standard, and9.1.4 The sampling plan and number of specimens testedalong with test results.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionA research report3describes a round robinconducted in 2001 in accordance with Practice E691, involvingse
19、ven laboratories measuring 13 dimensional attributes of fivepackaging materials. Materials and measurement attributes arelisted in Table 1. Measurements taken included use of steelrules scaled in inch and millimetre divisions. Statistical sum-maries of repeatability (within a laboratory) and reprodu
20、cibility(between laboratories) are listed in Tables 2 and 3. All testresults are expressed in SI millimetre (mm) units of measure.10.2 Concept of “r” and “R” in Tables 1 and 2If SrandSRhave been calculated from a large enough body of data, andfor test results that are averages from testing 3 specime
21、ns foreach test result, then the following applies:10.3 Repeatability “r” is the interval representing the criti-cal difference between two test results for the same material,obtained by the same operator using the same equipment on thesame day in the same laboratory. Two test results shall bejudged
22、 to be not equivalent if they differ by more than the “r”value for that material, in this instance approximately 0.528mm. That is, it can be expected that the same operatormeasuring the same sample may obtain a reading that varies byup to 0.528 mm (0.0208 or approximately164 in.).10.4 Reproducibilit
23、y “R” is the interval representing thecritical difference between two test results for the samematerial, obtained by different operators using different equip-ment in different laboratories, not necessarily on the same day.Two test results shall be judged to be not equivalent if theydiffer by more t
24、han the “R” value for that material, in thisinstance approximately 0.815 mm. That is, it can be expectedthat different operators using different equipment in differentlaboratories may obtain readings that vary by up to 0.815 mm(0.0320 or approximately132 in.).10.5 Any judgment in accordance with 10.
25、3 or 10.4 willhave approximately 95 % (0.95) probability of being correct.10.6 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which toestimate the bias of this test method.11. Keywords11.1 dimension; linear measurement; rule; scale3A research report is available from ASTM International Headquarters. Reque
26、stRR:F02-1017.TABLE 1 Description of Materials Measured in Round RobinStudiesMeasurementSetMaterial TypeMeasurementCharacteristicRuler ScalingAppliedA Foil Web Web Width in.B Paper Web Web Width in.C Spunbonded Olefin Web Web Width mmD Printed Foil Web Print Repeat Length in.E Printed Paper Web Prin
27、t Repeat Length in.F Printed Spunbonded OlefinWebPrint Repeat Length mmG Forming Film Web Web Width mmH Finished Pouch Dimension A in.I Finished Pouch Dimension B in.J Finished Pouch Dimension C in.K Finished Pouch Dimension D in.L Finished Pouch Dimension E in.M Finished Pouch Dimension F in.F2203
28、132TABLE 2 Summary of Interlaboratory Results by Measurement SetMeasurementSetAveragemmRepeatabilityStandardDeviationsrReproducibilityStandardDeviationsR95 %RepeatabilityLimitr95 %ReproducibilityLimitRA 266.85 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576B 777.30 0.324 0.424 0.917 1.200C 826.25 0.167 0.267 0.472 0.756D 8
29、2.42 0.132 0.199 0.374 0.564E 279.47 0.000 0.162 0.000 0.459F 379.78 0.204 0.319 0.578 0.903G 326.78 0.204 0.387 0.578 1.094H 133.57 0.162 0.253 0.459 0.717I 253.65 0.094 0.284 0.265 0.803J 9.97 0.162 0.280 0.459 0.791K 18.10 0.162 0.204 0.459 0.576L 114.41 0.229 0.339 0.648 0.959M 225.91 0.229 0.29
30、8 0.648 0.843NOTE 1Example A and Example B begin at the leading edge of fixed scale division on rule at a point within the scale, at 1 in. or 10 mm, for example.FIG. 1 Proper Alignment to Ruler Scale DivisionsTABLE 3 Summary of Interlaboratory Averaged ResultsAverage Test Value 284.2 mm (11.19 in.)R
31、epeatability (within a laboratory)standard deviation (sr)0.187 mm (0.0074 in.)95 % repeatability limit (r) 0.528 mm (0.0208 in.)Reproducibility (between laboratories)standarddeviation (sR)0.288 mm (0.0113 in.)95 % reproducibility limit (R) 0.815 mm (0.0321 in.)F2203 133ASTM International takes no po
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