1、Designation: F2247 11 (Reapproved 2017)F2247 18Standard Test Method forMetal Doors Used in Blast Resistant Applications(Equivalent Static Load Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2247; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or
2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the structural performance of metal doors and frames an
3、d their restraining hardware (such as latchesand hinges) used as a blast resistant barrier.This method involves applying an equivalent static pressure based on the characteristicsof the specified blast pressure and structural properties of the door panel design.1.2 The static tests are valid for the
4、 unit size tested or for smaller units of analogous construction. Extrapolation of test resultsfor units larger than the test specimen are not permitted.1.3 This standard test method is not applicable to tests where the forces are created by explosive charges, forced air from a shocktube apparatus,
5、or any other method used to generate a dynamic load.1.4 The proper use of this method requires knowledge of the principles of pressure, deflection, and when applicable, straingauge measurement.1.5 Using this method, specimens may be tested to determine ultimate static capacity or tested to specific
6、static test loads.1.5.1 Procedure A shall be used when a load-deflection curve is not required and a single load is applied.1.5.2 Procedure B shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required and a single or multiple loads are applied.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
7、standard. The values provided in parenthesisparentheses are forinformation only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthen
8、vironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standard
9、s, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E330/E330M Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Windows, Doors, Skylights and Curtain Walls by UniformStatic Air Pressure Differenc
10、e2.2 Other Standard:UFC 3-340-02 Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC), Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 metal doora term used in reference to doors which are built from steel sheets, internally stiffened with cold-formedshapes or structural s
11、teel shapes. Materials can be carbon or stainless steel. The materials may be joined together by any fabricationtechnique (that is, welding, bolting, structural adhesive, etc.). The material voids may be filled with insulation.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F12 on Sec
12、urity Systems and Equipment and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved March 1, 2017April 1, 2018. Published March 2017May 2018. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20112017 asF2247 11.F2247 11 (2017). D
13、OI: 10.1520/F2247-11R17.10.1520/F2247-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Nat
14、ional Institute of Building Sciences, 1090 Vermont Avenue, NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20005, http:/www.wbdg.org/index.php.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becaus
15、eit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Bar
16、r Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.2 openableas it relates to the working condition of latching hardware after testing, openable latching hardware allows thedoor to open one time only (allows egress but may not continue to function as originally intended
17、 after being opened once).3.1.3 operableas it relates to the working condition of latching hardware after testing, operable latching hardware allows thedoor to open and close repeatedly (allows egress and continues to function as originally intended).3.1.4 permanent deformationthe permanent displace
18、ment from an original position that remains after an applied load has beenremoved. Measured in millimetres (mm) (inches (in.).3.1.5 reboundstress reversal in the material of the door.3.1.6 seating pressurean applied pressure that causes the door panel to seat against the frame that is expressed in p
19、ascals (Pa)(pounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force per square inch (psi).3.1.7 specifierindividual or party requesting that a metal door assembly meet specific blast resistance criteria.3.1.8 specimenthe entire assembly unit submitted for test as described in Section 6.3.1.9 steady state
20、 pressurea test pressure held for a minimum of 3 min.3.1.10 test directorthe individual identified as being responsible to complete the specified tests as required and to documentthe results.3.1.11 test loadthe specified static pressure differential (positive or negative) for which the specimen is t
21、o be tested, expressedin pascals (Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force per square inch (psi).3.1.12 ultimate loadthe pressure (positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs expressed in Pa (psf or psi).3.1.13 unseating pressurean applied pressure that tends the doo
22、r panel to unseat from the frame so that the door reactions mustbe resisted by the restraining hardware, that is expressed in pascals (Pa) (pounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force persquare inch (psi).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen into
23、 or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to the chamberat a ratio required to maintain the test pressure difference across the specimen, and observing, measuring, and recording thedeflection, deformations, stresses (if recorded), and nature of any failures of principal or critical membe
24、rs or the entire specimen.5. Significance and Use5.1 Blast resistant doors are designed to protect against the problems and dangers created by a planned or accidental explosionor pressure leak. This test method will provide reasonable assurance to the specifier of the reliability of a doors structur
25、e, therestraining hardware, the frame, and the frame anchors when used in a blast resistant application.6. Specimen Preparation6.1 ConstructionThe door panel shall meet the general definition of a metal door as outlined in 3.1.1. The test method isgeneral and does not limit the door manufacturer to
26、a specific door panel construction or fabrication process. Ultimately, the designof the door panel is based upon the target pressure rating established by the specifier or door manufacturer.6.1.1 The size of the specimen (door panel and frame) shall be representative or larger than the application u
27、nder investigation.6.1.2 Configuration and spacing of the door panels internal stiffeners will be as designed by the specifier or the doormanufacturer. Space between stiffeners may be filled with insulation.6.1.3 The typical door panel shall be considered as a three side supported, one edge free loa
28、ding condition for a seating loadcase. Generally, the bottom edge of the door panel is free (no structural threshold). If the door assembly does have a structuralthreshold, the door panel may be considered as a four side supported condition for a seating load case. The door panel is supportedby the
29、restraining hardware during the unseating load case. The door panel will be attached to the frame with the same quantityand size of hinge fasteners that the specifier or the door manufacturer intends to use in the actual door installation. The door framewill be attached to the test fixture using the
30、 same quantity, size, and spacing of fasteners or anchors that the specifier or doormanufacturer intends to use in the actual door installation.7. Apparatus7.1 Equipment capable of performing the test procedure described in this standard within the allowable tolerances is acceptable.Figs. 1-4 are ex
31、amples of apparatus layout.7.2 Major Components:7.2.1 Test ChamberAchamber or box with an opening and a removable mounting panel, into which the specimen is installed.At least one pressure tap shall be provided to measure the chamber pressure and shall be so located that the reading is unaffectedby
32、the velocity of the fluid supply to or from the chamber or any other fluid movement. A means of access is permitted to beprovided to facilitate adjustments and observations after the specimen is installed. The test chamber must not deflect under the testload in such a manner that the performance of
33、the specimen will be affected.F2247 1827.2.2 Air SystemA controllable blower or a compressed air supply, designed to provide the required air-pressure differenceacross the specimen. The system shall provide a constant air pressure difference for the duration of the test.7.2.3 Combined Air/Water Syst
34、emA combined air and water (fluid) system (See Fig. 1).7.2.4 Pressure-Measuring ApparatusA device to measure the test pressure difference with accuracy of 62 % of the readingover the full range of test pressures.7.2.5 Deflection-Measuring SystemA means of measuring deflections with an accuracy of 60
35、.25 mm (60.01 in.).7.2.5.1 For Procedure A (see 10.2), any locations at which deflections are to be measured shall be stated by the Specifier or theTest Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.7.2.5.2 For Procedure B (see 10.3), any locations at which deflections are to be measured shall
36、 be stated by the Specifier or theTest Director. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.7.2.5.3 Deflection measurements shall be independent of movements of, or movements within, the specimen or membersupports.7.2.6 If desired, strain gauges to measure strain shall be mounted on the side of the d
37、oor panel in tension. Strain gauges areattached to the tension side of the door panel. They are to be mounted in accordance with the strain gauge manufacturersinstructions.7.2.6.1 The location of the gauges are to be determined by the specifier or the door manufacturer and they shall be placed where
38、the greatest changes in strain are anticipated, typically at the points of greatest flexure. See Figs. 2 and 3 for suggested locations.FIG. 1 Schematic of Test ArrangementF2247 1838. Hazards8.1 Proper care must be taken for the possibility of a failure. The system used in this test method contains c
39、onsiderable storedenergy and constitutes a hazard. The testing apparatus shall be equipped with a method to restrain the specimen in the event offailure. The restraint method shall not interfere with the test nor the results of the test.FIG. 2 Test Fixture ElevationUnseating Load CaseF2247 1849. Cal
40、ibration9.1 Pressure Gage, deflection-measuring devices, and strain gauges shall be calibrated prior to testing to make certain thedevices are within specifications and requirements (see 7.2.4 and 7.2.5). Calibration of test equipment shall be in accordance withthe manufacturers recommendations and
41、to a national recognized standard.FIG. 3 Test Fixture ElevationSeating Load CaseF2247 18510. Required Information10.1 The following information shall be supplied by the specifier:10.2 Procedure ASingle Loading with no Deflection Curve:10.2.1 Performance criteria and the number and gage location.10.2
42、.2 The blast duration defined as the time interval between time of arrival of the blast wave at a given location and the timefor the magnitude of the pressure to return to ambient pressure. See Annex A1 for example of converting a dynamic pressure intoan equivalent static load.10.2.3 The permitted d
43、amage level category in accordance with Section 11.10.2.4 The number and location of deflection and, if applicable, strain gages.10.3 Procedure BSingle or Multiple Loading with Deflection Curve:10.3.1 Same as 10.2.1 10.2.4, additionally:10.3.2 The number of load cycles at which deflection and stress
44、-strain measurements are required.NOTE 1A single type of frame anchor is depicted in the above illustration. There are several variations of anchor configurations that may be usedto secure the frame to the test fixture that may simulate field conditions.FIG. 4 Horizontal SectionUnseating Load CaseF2
45、247 18610.3.3 The number and location of required deflection and strain gages (if desired).11. Acceptance Criteria11.1 Acceptance of the door is based on the end use of the door. The door is classified into one of four damage level categories.The criterion and acceptance for each category is:11.1.1
46、Category IThe specimen is unchanged (no permanent deformation) after the loading incident and the door is fullyoperable. The specimen remains intact and responds elastically.11.1.1.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that the deflection gages have returned to zero reading w
47、ith a tolerance of+2 mm (564 in.).(2) Verify that the door is operable by unlatching the door and swinging the panel.(3) If strain gages are used, check that the recorded stresses are within acceptable limits of door material.(4) Verify that the door can be latched.latched and unlatched three times
48、(thereby proving operability).(5) Verify that the external portions of the latch and hinges have not suffered any permanent set.(6) Verify that there is no permanent deformation of frame anchors.11.1.2 Category IIThe door is operableopenable but measurable;measurable, permanent deformation to the do
49、or panelexceeding the tolerance listed in 11.1.1.1 has been experienced. The specimen remains as an integral system.11.1.2.1 Acceptance:(1) After the specimen has been unloaded, verify that the measurable deformation is acceptable to the end use of the door.(2) Verify that the specimen remains an integral system.(3) If strain gages are used, check that the recorded stresses are within acceptable limits of door material.(4) Verify that the door is operableopenable by unlatching the door and swinging the panel.panel one time only.(5)
