1、Designation: F2250 13Standard Practice forEvaluation of Chemical Resistance of Printed Inks andCoatings on Flexible Packaging Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2250; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedure for evaluating theability of an ink, overprint varnish o
3、r coating to withstandchemical exposure. Typical chemicals, which may come incontact with the package, include water, alcohol, acid, etc. Thespecific chemical and method of choice as well as determina-tion of measurement outcome are left to users to agree upon injoint discussion. Suggestions for way
4、s to measure and collectinformation are offered in the various methods listed in thispractice.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used indep
5、endently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety a
6、nd health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible BarrierPackaging3. Significance and Use3.1 Packaging materials may be exposed to chemicals suchas water, alcohol,
7、 acid, etc. during their life cycle. If it isanticipated that the packaging material will be exposed to achemical, it is important that the ink or coating, or both, notdegrade, soften, or dissolve as a result of that contact.3.2 The testing included in this practice is applicable tosurface printed a
8、nd coated materials designed to be resistant toa specific chemical.3.3 The chemicals to be tested should be compatible with(that is, not damage or degrade) the substrate being printed orcoated, or both.3.4 There are four separate methods detailed in this practice.The methods represent increasing deg
9、rees of severity fromMethod A to Method D. Selection of method should be basedon the type of exposure anticipated. For example, the pouringmethod (MethodA) is typically used where incidental exposureis anticipated, such as a spill or splash of chemical on thematerial surface. Method B or C is typica
10、lly used whenchemical resistance is desired depending on the level ofexposure (B) and abrasion (C) anticipated. Method D wouldrepresent continual contact between the chemical and materialand would need to be chemical-proof, (for example, if thepackage were to be submerged in the chemical and exposed
11、 toabrasion over a period of time.)3.5 This practice does not address acceptability criteria.These need to be jointly determined by the user and producerof the product, based on the type of exposure that is antici-pated.4. Apparatus4.1 Method A Apparatus:4.1.1 Inclined plane capable of holding mater
12、ial at approxi-mately a 45-degree angle, allowing chemical to be tested toflow easily downward.4.1.2 Small pouring container or syringe of chemical to betested.4.2 Method B Apparatus:4.2.1 Watch glass, sized to cover sample to be tested andeasily handled.4.2.2 Small pouring container or syringe of c
13、hemical to betested.4.2.3 Timing device.4.2.4 Absorbent material.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 onPhysical Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Origin
14、allyapproved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F2250 03 (2008).DOI: 10.1520/F2250-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
15、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Method C Apparatus:4.3.1 Cotton swab.4.3.2 Container of chemical to be tested.4.4 Method D Apparatus:4.4.1 Watch glass, sized to cover sample
16、 to be tested andeasily handled.4.4.2 Small pouring container or syringe of chemical to betested.4.4.3 Timing device.4.4.4 Wipe or cotton swab.5. Sampling5.1 The number of samples tested should be adequate to bepredictive of performance. Caution should be taken wheneliminating samples with defects a
17、s this can bias results.6. Conditioning6.1 Conditioning of the samples will depend on the materialunder evaluation. If conditioning before testing is appropriate,normal, and desirable, refer to Specification E171 for guidance.6.2 Before testing catalyzed or cured inks or coatings,ensure that the sam
18、ples have been exposed to the appropriateconditions for sufficient time to allow complete cure.7. Procedure7.1 Method APouring Method:7.1.1 Cut sample to be tested. Cut a sample of the materialin the area of interest, approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in.To test larger printed or coated areas, or
19、both, multiple samplesmay need to be cut.7.1.2 Attach sample to inclined plane (approximate 45-degree angle) Position so that the applied chemical does notpool on the test area. When attaching the sample take care thatit is smooth without wrinkles, creases, or folds. The surface tobe evaluated (the
20、printed or coated side, or both) should befacing up.7.1.3 Pour or squirt the chemical along the elevated edge ofsample, so that it covers and runs over the entire area of thesample.7.1.4 Examine the printed or coated sample, or both, for anyrunning, smearing, or discoloration. Also look at the runof
21、fpooled chemical for any discoloration.7.1.5 Record results in user specified format. For example,results may be recorded as pass (no change)/fail or as a degreeor percentage of damage.7.2 Method BTimed Exposure Method:7.2.1 Cut sample to be tested. Cut a sample of the materialin the area of interes
22、t, approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in.To test larger printed or coated areas, or both, multiple samplesmay need to be cut.7.2.2 Lay the sample on a flat surface taking care that it issmooth without wrinkles, creases, or folds. The surface to beevaluated (the printed or coated side) should be fac
23、ing up.7.2.3 Pour or squirt chemical evenly over area to be tested.7.2.4 Place watch glass over wet sample and set timingdevice. A one minute exposure may be used for this method.NOTE 1The time should be based on the anticipated length ofexposure or, if ranking materials, then multiple time interval
24、s should beused.7.2.5 When specified time has elapsed, carefully removeglass and examine sample for any running, smearing ordiscoloration.7.2.6 Blot gently with absorbent material. Examine absor-bent wipe for any transfer of ink or coating and the sample forany smearing or discoloration.7.2.7 Record
25、 results in user specified format. For example,results may be recorded as pass (no change)/fail or as a degreeor percentage of damage.7.3 Method CWiping Method:7.3.1 Cut a sample of the material in the area of interest,approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in. To test larger printedor coated areas, or
26、 both, multiple samples may need to be cut.7.3.2 Lay the sample on a flat surface taking care that it issmooth without wrinkles, creases, or folds. The surface to beevaluated (the printed or coated side) should be facing up.7.3.3 Saturate a swab with chemical to be used for test.7.3.4 Place the chem
27、ical-soaked swab on the sample and rubin a back-and-forth motion with a light pressure. Each strokeshould be approximately 3 in.NOTE 2Significant pressure variation may affect test results.7.3.5 For reporting purposes, users may choose to count thenumber of strokes that it takes for the ink/coating
28、to begin tosmear, lighten or transfer to the swab. In this case, a back-and-forth motion is counted as two strokes.7.3.6 When using this method to rank materials, the reportmay log the number of strokes achieved before failure. Whenperforming routine Q.A. testing, the product specification mayrequir
29、e the material to survive a minimum number, such as 10strokes. The number of strokes may vary depending on specificapplications and agreed upon specifications. Results may alsobe reported as Pass/Fail.7.4 Method DWipe Method after Timed Exposure:7.4.1 Cut a sample of the material in the area of inte
30、rest,approximately 13 by 13 cm or 5 by 5 in. To test larger printedor coated areas, or both, multiple samples may need to be cut.7.4.2 Lay the sample on a flat surface taking care that it issmooth without wrinkles, creases, or folds. The surface to beevaluated (the printed or coated side) should be
31、facing up.7.4.3 Pour or squirt chemical evenly over area to be tested.7.4.4 Place watch glass over wet sample and set timingdevice. Five minutes is a typical time exposure for this method.NOTE 3The time should be based on the anticipated length ofexposure or, if ranking materials, then multiple time
32、 intervals should beused.7.4.5 When specified time has elapsed, carefully removeglass and examine sample for any running, smearing ordiscoloration.7.4.6 Blot gently with wipe. Examine wipe for any transferof ink or coating.7.4.7 Place a swab or wipe on the sample and rub in aback-and-forth motion wi
33、th a light pressure. Each strokeshould be approximately 3 in.NOTE 4Significant pressure variation may affect test results.F2250 1327.4.8 For reporting purposes, users may choose to count thenumber of strokes that it takes for the ink/coating to begin tosmear, lighten or transfer to the swab or wipe.
34、 In this case, aback-and-forth motion is counted as two strokes.7.4.9 When using this method to rank materials, the reportmay log the number of strokes achieved before failure. Whenperforming routine Q.A. testing, the product specification mayrequire the material to survive a minimum of strokes. Aga
35、in,these approaches may be recorded as Pass/Fail.8. Report8.1 Lot number and source of material, date, time, locationand operator of test and complete identification of materialsbeing tested.8.2 Chemical(s) tested and method used.8.3 Any conditioning of the materials.8.4 Any and all deviations from
36、standard.9. Keywords9.1 alcohol resistance; chemical resistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such
37、 patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited
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39、air hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this s
40、tandard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).F2250 133
