1、Designation: F2263 07 (Reapproved 2011)F2263 14 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forEvaluating the Oxidative Resistance of Polyethylene (PE)Pipe to Chlorinated Water1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2263; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、 the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method describes the general r
3、equirements for evaluating the long-term, chlorinated water, oxidative resistance ofpolyethylene (PE), used in cold water supply or service systems by exposure to chlorinated water. This test method outlines therequirements of a pressurized flow-through test system, typical test pressures, test-flui
4、d characteristics, failure type, and dataanalysis.NOTE 1Other known disinfecting systems (chlorine dioxide, ozone, and chloramine) are currently used for protection of potable water; however,free-chlorine is by far the most common system in use today. Disinfecting systems other than chlorine have no
5、t been evaluated by this method.1.2 Guidelines and requirements for test temperatures, test hoop stresses, and other test criteria have been established by priortesting of PE pipe. Other related system components that typically appear in a PE cold water supply or service system can beevaluated with
6、the PE pipe. When testing PE pipe and fittings as a system, it is recommended that the anticipated end-use fittingtype(s) and material(s) be included in the test circuit since it is known that some fitting types and materials can impact failure times.Specimens used shall be representative of the pip
7、ing product(s) and material(s) under investigation.NOTE 2The procedures described in this test method (with some modifications of test temperatures or stresses, or both) have been used to evaluatepipes manufactured from polybutylene (PB), crosslinked polyethylene (PEX), polypropylene (PP), multilaye
8、r (polymer-metal composite), copper, andstainless steel.1.3 This test method is applicable to PE pipe and systems used for transport of potable water containing free-chlorine fordisinfecting purposes. The oxidizing potential of the test-fluid specified in this test method exceeds that typically foun
9、d in potablewater systems across the United States.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary
10、caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 12, of this specification.This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter
11、mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
12、 Determine the Precision of a Test MethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 9080 Thermoplastic Pipe for Transport of FluidsMethods of Extrapolation of Hydrostatic Stress Rupture Data toDetermine the Long Term Strength of Thermoplastic Pipe32.3 Plastics Pipe Inst
13、itute (PPI) Document:TN-16 Rate Process Method for Projecting Performance of Polyethylene Piping Components41 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on Test Methods.Current edition approved No
14、v. 1, 2011Aug. 1, 2014. Published December 2011September 2014. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20072011as F2263F226307(2011).071. DOI: 10.1520/F2263-07R11.10.1520/F2263-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Serv
15、ice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Plastics Pip
16、e Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825, Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possib
17、le to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyr
18、ight ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.4 American Water Works Association (AWWA) Document:1996 WATER: STATS Survey53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in
19、accordance with Terminology D1600,unless otherwise indicated.3.1.2 brittle failure (Stage II), nfailure in the pipe wall that is characterized by little or no material deformation in the failurearea and is the result of a single crack emanating from the interior of the pipe to the outside surface ty
20、pically resulting in a pinholeleak, see Fig. 1.3.1.2.1 oxidatively induced brittle failure (Stage II), na type of brittle failure (Stage II) that is characterized by embrittlementof the interior surface of the pipe. This type of Stage II failure is developed through oxidative degradation of the surf
21、ace of theinner wall of the piping material. Guidelines for identifying the failures are provided in Appendix X3.3.1.3 cold water supply or service system, na combination of components such as pipe, fittings, valves, and so forth, that wheninstalled as a complete system, make up the water supply sys
22、tem.3.1.4 ductile failure (Stage I), nfailure in the pipe wall that is characterized by obvious localized deformation of the materialvisible with the unaided eye, see Fig. 1. Ductile failures produced with this test method shall not be used for data analysis.3.1.5 environmental or oxidative failure
23、(Stage III), nfailure in the pipe wall characterized by a large number of cracksemanating from the interior surface of the pipe wall, see Fig. 1.3.1.6 long-term oxidative resistance, nthe extrapolated time-to-failure prediction as determined by analysis of time-to-failuretest data by multiple linear
24、 regression utilizing the rate process method of PPI TN-16 or three parameter model of ISO 9080.3.1.7 multiple linear regression, na three or four coefficient mathematical model used to analyze time-to-failure data fromdifferent temperatures and stresses to extrapolate projected time-to-failure at s
25、elected temperatures or stresses.3.1.8 oxidation reduction potential (ORP), noxidation reduction potential (ORP), n-a measure of the total oxidizing power ofa solution by means of a platinum-redox electrode. For a further explanation of ORP see Appendix X2.3.1.9 unaided eye, nobservable without visu
26、al enhancement beyond correction for normal vision.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The PE pipe/fitting assemblies are exposed to pressurized test-fluid until failure.All time-to-failtime-to-failure data used foranalysis shall be the result of the same failure mode, either all stage oxidatively induced
27、Stage II or all stageStage III.Aminimumnumber of test temperature and hoop stress conditions are required to allow accurate data analysis and time-to-failureextrapolations. If using only stage II failure data, no lifetime extrapolations can be made without further validation.5. Significance and Use5
28、.1 Environment or oxidative time-to-fail data derived from this test method, analyzed in accordance with Section 13, aresuitable for extrapolation to typical end-use temperatures and hoop stresses.The extrapolated value(s) provides a relative indication5 Available from American Water Works Associati
29、on (AWWA), 6666 W. Quincy Ave., Denver, CO 80235, http:/www.awwa.org.FIG. 1 Pictorial Illustration of Failure TypesF2263 142of the resistance of the tested PE pipe or system to the oxidative effects of chlorinated water for conditions equivalent to thoseconditions under which the test data were obta
30、ined. The performance of a material or piping product under actual conditions ofinstallation and use is dependent upon a number of factors including installation methods, use patterns, water quality, nature andmagnitude of localized stresses, and other variables of an actual, operating cold water su
31、pply or service system that are notaddressed in this test method. As such, the extrapolated values do not constitute a representation that a PE pipe or system with agiven extrapolated time-to-failure value will perform for that period of time under actual use conditions.5.2 This test method has been
32、 generally used for evaluating oxidative (stage III) failure data. For some systems being testedaccelerated stage II failures can occur. These failures can also be analyzed using the regression analysis outlined in Sectionoxidatively induced Stage II or Stage III failure data.13. Extrapolation of th
33、is data may need to be validated prior to making anylifetime predictions.6. Apparatus6.1 Pressurized Flow-Through Test SystemAsystem comprised of the necessary pump(s), fittings, piping, heaters, sensors, andmeters that is capable of maintaining the required test pressures within the tolerance speci
34、fied in 9.1.3, the required testtemperatures within the tolerance of 9.1.2, and flow the test-fluid through the specimens continually at a flow rate within thetolerance specified in 9.1.4. Cyclic pressure variations, such as those produced by some pumping systems, shall not producepressure excursion
35、s that exceed the tolerance stated in 9.1.3.6.2 Specimen HoldersTest specimens shall be supported to minimize or eliminate externally induced stresses. Specimens shallbe allowed to freely expand bi-directionally.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 SamplingSelect at random, a sufficient am
36、ount of pipe to satisfy the specimen requirements of this test method. Whentesting as a system, randomly select a sufficient quantity of fittings.7.2 Test Specimen SizeThe recommended minimum pipe size is 12 CTS. CTS, and common test sizes are 12 in. CTS and 4in. IPS. The PE pipe specimens shall be
37、12 to 18 in. (300 to 460 mm) in length between fitting closures or between fitting joints.7.2.1 Dimensions MeasurementMeasure and record the critical dimensions for pipe and fittings. For pipe, measure the averageoutside diameter and wall-thickness in accordance with Test Method D2122. For fittings,
38、 measure those dimensions critical to thefunction of the joint, as well as minimum body wall thickness.7.3 Testing as a SystemWhen testing PE pipe and related system components (such as fittings) as a system, the othercomponents shall be attached to the PE pipe in the same manner as in actual servic
39、e. For fittings, the particular fitting style shallbe installed in accordance with the manufacturers instructions or the ASTM specification when applicable.7.4 Minimum Required Test UnitsA minimum of six test units is required. A test unit is comprised of two or more individualtime-to-failure data p
40、oints at the same temperature and hoop stress condition. Obtaining additional data points at eachtemperature/hoop stress condition will benefit statistical reliability of the analysis of the resultant data.7.4.1 Test Unit DistributionTime-to-failure data points shall be obtained at 2 test hoop stres
41、ses at each of a minimum of 3 testtemperatures for a minimum of 12 data points. As an alternate, obtain time-to-failure data for the temperature/hoop stresscombinations of the three-temperature matrix of PPI TN-16, see Note 3. Hoop stresses shall be separated by a least 80 psi (0.55MPa).NOTE 3When u
42、sing the PPI TN-16 matrix, Temperature T3, which requires testing at only one stress, refers to the lowest test temperature.7.4.2 Test Temperature Selection Temperatures of 90C (194F), 80C (176F), and 70C (158F) have been utilized in priortesting of PE, see Note 4. Adjacent test temperatures shall b
43、e separated by at least 18F (10C). Other test temperatures may beused, but the maximum test temperature shall not exceed 95C (203F).NOTE 4Prior testing indicates that for the test temperatures stated in 7.4.2, hoop stresses to yield oxidatively induced Stage II or III failures withinreasonable testi
44、ng times are between 120360 psi (830 kPa)(2.48 MPa) and 480 psi (3.31 MPa). For a true SDR 9 tube, those hoop stresses correspondto test pressures of 3090 psig (207(620 kPa) to 120 psig (830 kPa). Target lower stresses to yield Stage III failures. If a selected test hoop stress producesStage I or St
45、age II failures, the stress will need to be reduced to produce all oxidatively induced Stage II or all Stage III failures at all temperatures.7.4.2.1 Relationship of Internal Pressure to Hoop StressThe hoop stress in the pipe wall is calculated by the followingexpression, commonly known as the ISO e
46、quation:2S/P 5DR21 (1)or2S/P5Do/t!21 (2)where:S = stress in the circumferential or hoop direction, psi (MPa),P = internal pressure, psig (kPa),F2263 143t = minimum wall thickness, in. (mm),DR = dimension ratio, DR, andDo = average outside diameter, in. (mm).8. Calibration and Standardization8.1 Meas
47、uring EquipmentAll measuring and testing equipment having an effect on the accuracy or validity of the calibrationsor tests shall be calibrated or verified, or both, before being put into service.9. Test Fluid9.1 Internal Test FluidThe test fluid shall be reverse osmosis (RO) or deionized (DI) water
48、 prepared in accordance with 9.1.1.9.1.1 RO or DI Water Test-Fluid PreparationTest fluid prepared from RO or DI water shall have a pH in the range from 6.5to 8.0 and contain 2.5 ppm to 5 ppm (milligrams per litre) of free-chlorine. Testing shall be conducted with the same nominal pHand free-chlorine
49、 concentration for all test units. The chosen pH shall be maintained to 6 0.2 and the chosen free-chlorineconcentration shall be maintained to 6 0.2 ppm. The pH and free-chlorine concentration combination shall yield a minimum ORPof 825 mV for the test fluid.9.1.2 Test Fluid Temperature ControlThe test fluid entering each specimen shall be maintained to 61.8F (61C) of the testtemperature.9.1.3 Pressure ControlThe pressure of the test fluid shall be maintained to 63 psig (620.69 kPa).9.1.4 Test Fluid Flow RateThe flow rate shall b
