1、Designation: F 2280 08Standard Specification for“Twist Off” Type Tension Control Structural Bolt/Nut/WasherAssemblies, Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum TensileStrength1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2280; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of heat treated,ste
3、el, tension control bolt-nut-washer assemblies, also referredto as “sets,” having a tensile strength of 150 to 173 ksi. Theseassemblies are capable of developing a minimum predeter-mined tension when installed by applying torque to the nut,while at the same time applying a counter torque to separate
4、 thespline end from the body of the bolt using an appropriate splinedrive installation tool.1.2 An assembly consists of a tension control bolt withspline end (covered by this specification) and a suitable nut andwasher covered by reference to applicable ASTM specifica-tions.1.3 The fastener assembli
5、es are intended for use in struc-tural connections. These connections, installation procedures,and the use of alternate design structural bolts are coveredunder the requirements of the “Specification for StructuralJoints Using ASTM A 325 or A 490 Bolts”, approved by theResearch Council on Structural
6、 Connections.1.4 The assemblies are available with either round (buttonor dome) heads, heavy hex structural heads, or alternate designheads described in Section 11 , in sizes12 to 118 in. inclusive,in two types specified in Section 4.1.5 Tension control bolts manufactured and marked inaccordance wit
7、h the requirements of Specification A 490, andconforming to the dimensional and other requirements of thisspecification, will be considered an acceptable alternate underthis specification for two years following initial publication.1.6 The following precautionary statement pertains only tothe test m
8、ethod portions, Sections 15 and 16, of this Specifi-cation: This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bilit
9、y of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, HeatTreated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile StrengthA 563 Specification for Carbons and Alloy Steel NutsA 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology forChemical Analy
10、sis of Steel ProductsE 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle ExaminationE 1444 Practice for Magnetic Particle TestingF 436 Specification for Hardened Steel WashersF 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,Washers, Direct Tension Indicator
11、s, and RivetsF 788/F 788M Specification for Surface Discontinuities ofBolts, Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric SeriesF 1470 Guide for Fastener Sampling for Specified Mechani-cal Properties and Performance InspectionF 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical FastenersF 2328 Test Method for Determining De
12、carburization andCarburization in Hardened and Tempered Threaded SteelBolts, Screws and StudsG 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric CorrosionResistance of Low-Alloy Steels2.2 ASME Standards:3B1.1 Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB1.3M Screw Threads Gaging Systems for DimensionalAcceptabilityInch and Me
13、tric Screw ThreadsB18.2.6 Fasteners for Use in Structural Applications2.3 Research Council on Structural Connections:41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 onFasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,Nuts, Rivets and Washers.Curren
14、t edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F 228006.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume in
15、formation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASMEInternational Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.4Available from American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), One E.Wacker Dr., Suit
16、e 3100, Chicago, IL 60601-2001.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Specification for Structural Joints Using ASTM A 325 orA 490 Bolts3. Terminology3.1 Defi
17、nitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:The definition of terms used in this specification shall be asspecified in Terminology F 1789, unless otherwise definedherein.3.1.1 component lotcomponent lot, for the purpose ofassigning an identification number and from which testsamples shall be selected
18、, shall consist of all tension controlbolts, all nuts or all washers processed essentially togetherthrough all operations to the shipping container, of which eachcomponent has the following common characteristics: heatnumber (mill heat); ASTM designation and grade or type, asapplicable; nominal dime
19、nsions (size) and head style; and heattreatment lot.3.1.2 manufacturerentity that assembles, lubricates, tests,and certifies compliance with this specification.3.1.3 secondary processingany processing performed byany entity on the assemblies or individual components afterinitial testing.4. Classific
20、ation4.1 The tension control bolts are designated by type denot-ing chemical composition as follows:4.1.1 Type 1Alloy steel, and4.1.2 Type 3Weathering steel.5. Ordering Information5.1 Orders for assemblies shall include the items of infor-mation below. Optional items not on the purchase order shallb
21、e considered as not being required (see Note 1):5.1.1 Quantity of assemblies,5.1.2 Size, include nominal tension control bolt diameterand length (without the spline end),5.1.3 Name of product, that is, twist off type tension controlbolt/nut/washer assemblies,5.1.4 Head style (see 11.1.1),5.1.5 Type
22、of assembly, that is, Type 1 or Type 3,5.1.6 ASTM designation and year of publication, and5.1.7 Special requirements, if required.NOTE 1A typical order description follows: 2520 assemblies, 118 7UNC in. diameter by 3 in. long Tension Control Bolt/Nut/WasherAssemblies, Round Heads, Type 1 ASTM F 2280
23、.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Heat Treatment:6.1.1 Tension control bolts shall be heat treated by quench-ing in oil from the austenitizing temperature and then temper-ing by reheating to a temperature not less than 800F.6.2 ThreadThe threads of tension control bolts shall berolled.6.3 Lubrication
24、:6.3.1 The assemblies shall be lubricated by the manufac-turer to meet the Assembly Lot Tension requirements inSection 9.6.3.2 Lubrication other than that applied by the manufac-turer shall not be permitted, as the type and amount oflubrication is critical to meeting the minimum clamping forcesspeci
25、fied.6.4 Secondary ProcessingSecondary processing shall notbe permitted to an assembly lot.6.5 Assembly:6.5.1 The assemblies shall be of the type specified by thepurchaser.6.5.2 The assemblies shall consist of one tension controlbolt, with one nut and one or more washer(s) assembled on thebolt and t
26、he nut threaded on the bolt a minimum of one turn.6.5.3 Nuts and washers used on the assemblies shall con-form to the requirements of the specifications below:Assembly Typeand FinishNut Specification,Class and FinishWasherSpecification,Type and FinishType 1 Plain Specification A 563DH plainSpecifica
27、tion F 436Type 1plainType 3 Weathering Steel Specification A 563DH3 plainSpecification F 436Type 3 plainweathering steel6.5.4 All nuts shall be heavy hex. All washers used in theassembly shall be circular and through hardened.6.6 Protective CoatingsThe bolts, nuts and washers shallnot be coated by h
28、ot dip zinc coating, mechanical deposition orelectroplating with zinc or other metallic coatings7. Chemical Composition7.1 Tension Control Bolts:7.1.1 Type 1 tension control bolts shall be alloy steelconforming to the chemical composition in Table 1. The steelshall contain sufficient alloying elemen
29、ts to qualify it as analloy steel.7.1.2 Type 3 tension control bolts shall be weathering steeland shall conform to the chemical compositions specified inTable 2. See Guide G 101 for method of estimating theatmospheric corrosion resistance of low alloy steels.7.1.3 Product analysis made on finished b
30、olts representingeach lot shall conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Tables 1 and 2, as applicable.7.1.4 Heats of steel to which bismuth, selenium, tellurium,or lead has been intentionally added shall not be permitted.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements for Type 1 Alloy Steel TensionCo
31、ntrol BoltsComposition %ElementHeatAnalysis, %ProductAnalysis, %Carbon 0.300.48 0.280.50Phosphorus, max 0.040 0.045Sulfur, max 0.040 0.045Alloying ElementsAAASteel, as defined by the American Iron and Steel Institute, shall be consideredto be alloy when the maximum of the range given for the content
32、 of alloyingelements exceeds one or more of the following limits: manganese, 1.65 %, silicon,0.60 %, copper, 0.60 %; or in which a definite range or a definite minimum quantityof any of the following elements is specified or required within the limits of therecognized field of constructional alloy s
33、teels: aluminum, chromium up to 3.99 %,cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium,or any other alloying elements added to obtain a desired alloying effect.F22800827.1.5 For Type 1 bolts heats of steel, with intentionallyadded boron, or boron heat analysis exceedin
34、g 0.0035 %, shallnot be permitted.7.1.6 Compliance with 7.1.4 and 7.1.5 shall be based oncertification that heats of steel having any of the listed elementsintentionally added were not used to produce the bolts.7.1.7 Chemical analysis shall be performed in accordancewith Test Methods, Practices, and
35、 Terminology A 751.7.2 Nuts and WashersChemical requirements for nuts andwashers shall be in accordance with the applicable specifica-tion specified in 6.5.3.8. Mechanical Property Requirements for TensionControl Bolts8.1 Hardness: The bolts shall conform to the hardnessspecified in Table 3.8.2 Tens
36、ile Properties:8.2.1 Except as permitted in 8.2.2 for long bolts, and 8.2.3for short bolts, sizes 1.0 in. and smaller having a length of 214in. D and longer; and sizes larger than 1.0 in. having a lengthof 3D and longer; shall be wedge tested full size and shallconform to the minimum and maximum wed
37、ge tensile load,and proof load or alternative proof load specified in Table 4.The load achieved during proof load testing shall be equal to orgreater than the specified proof load.8.2.2 When the length of the bolt makes full size testingimpractical, machined specimens shall be tested and shallconfor
38、m to the requirements specified in Table 5. When boltsare tested by both full size and machined specimen methods,the full size test shall take precedence.8.2.3 Sizes 1.0 in. and smaller having a length shorter than214 D down to 2D inclusive, which cannot be wedge tensiletested shall be axially tensi
39、on tested full size and shall conformto the minimum tensile load and proof load or alternate proofload specified in Table 4. Sizes 1.0 in. and smaller having alength shorter than 2D, which cannot axially tensile tested shallbe qualified on the basis of hardness.8.2.4 Size 118 in. having a length sho
40、rter than 3D shall bequalified on the basis of hardness.8.2.5 For bolts on which both hardness and tension tests areperformed, acceptance based on tensile requirements shall takeprecedence in the event of low hardness readings.8.3 Nuts and WashersMechanical properties for nuts andwashers shall be in
41、 accordance with the applicable specifica-tion in 6.5.3.9. Assembly Lot Tension Test9.1 PurposeThe assembly lot tension test shall be per-formed on fastener assemblies to determine the ability of theassembly to provide the required minimum tension.9.2 RequirementFull size completed assemblies tested
42、 inaccordance with 14.4 shall develop a bolt tension when thespline end is separated from the bolt conforming to therequirements in Table 5, Column 1.10. Carburization/Decarburization10.1 This test is intended to evaluate the presence orabsence of carburization and decarburization as determined byth
43、e difference in microhardness near the surface and core.10.2 Requirements:10.2.1 CarburizationThe assemblies shall show no evi-dence of a carburized surface when evaluated in accordancewith 15.5.10.2.2 DecarburizationHardness value differences shallnot exceed the requirements set forth for decarburi
44、zation inTest Method F 2328 for class 2/3H materials when evaluated inaccordance with 15.5.11. Dimensions11.1 Tension Control Bolts:11.1.1 Tension control bolts shall be furnished with eitherround (button or dome), heavy hex structural or alternatedesign heads as specified by the purchaser.11.1.2 Th
45、e head, body and spline dimensions shall conformto the requirements in ASME B18.2.6 for tension control bolts.11.1.3 Head designs as specified in 11.1.1 shall have abearing surface area and head height equal to or larger thanrequired for heavy hex structural bolts in ASME B18.2.6.11.1.4 The thread l
46、ength shall be as specified in ASMEB18.2.6 for heavy hex structural bolts.11.2 Nuts and WashersThe dimensions for nuts andwashers shall be in accordance with the applicable specifica-tion specified in 6.5.3.11.3 Threads:TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements for Type 3 Weathering SteelTension Control BoltsCo
47、mposition, %Element Heat Analysis, % Product Analysis, %CarbonSizes34 in. and smaller 0.20-0.53 0.19-0.55Sizes78 to 118 in. incl. 0.30-0.53 0.28-0.55Manganese, min 0.40 0.37Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.040Sulfur 0.040 0.045Copper 0.20-0.60 0.17-0.63Chromium 0.45-0.90 0.42-0.93Nickel or 0.20-0.60 0.17-0.6
48、3Molybdenum 0.15-0.25 0.14-0.26TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements for Tension Control BoltsBrinell Rockwell CBolt Size in. Bolt Length, in. Min Max. Min Max.12 to 1 in., incl Less than 2DA311 352 33 393D and over . . . 352 . . . 39118 in. Less than 3DA311 352 33 393D and over . . . 352 . . . 39ATension c
49、ontrol bolts 1.00 in. nominal diameter and smaller and shorter than 2D are subject only to minimum and maximum hardness. Tension control bolts118 inchnominal diameter and shorter than 3D are subject only to minimum and maximum hardness.F228008311.3.1 Threads on tension control bolts shall be the UnifiedCoarse Thread Series as specified in ASME B1.1, and shallhave Class 2A tolerances.11.3.2 The gauging limit for bolts shall be verified duringmanufacture. In case of purchaser/supplier controversy overthread compliance, System 21 of ASME B1.3M shall be us
