1、Designation: F2366 05 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forDetermining the Relative Lightfastness of Ink Jet PrintsExposed to Window Filtered Daylight Using a Xenon ArcLight Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2366; the number immediately following the designation indicat
2、es the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and
3、test condi-tions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of ink jetmedia prints conducted in accordance with Practices G151 andG155. The laboratory accelerated procedure is intended todetermine the relative lightfastness of ink jet prints in officeenvironments where window filtered daylight is us
4、ed forillumination.1.2 The two criteria used to determine relative lightfastnessare instrumental color change and change in optical density.1.3 This practice is useful in determining the relativelightfastness of a series of prints or the relation of thelightfastness of the print of interest to the p
5、erformance ofcontrols with known lightfastness exposed simultaneously.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
6、 applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tionary statements are given in section 8.1.5 There is no equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Mate
7、rialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD3424 Practice for Evaluating the Relative Lightfastnessand Weatherability of Printed MatterE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter)
8、 ColorimetryE1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-trophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45)GeometryG113 Terminology Relating to Natural andArtificial Weath-ering Tests of Nonmeta
9、llic MaterialsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1990 Stability of Color PhotographicImages-Methods f
10、or MeasuringIT2.171995 ANNEX A1 Density MeasurementsPart 4:Geometric Conditions for Reflection Density, BackingMaterial3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions given in G113 are applicable to thisPractice.3.1.2 Ink jet media substrates used by ink jet printers toreceive inks. The substrat
11、e may be paper, plastic, canvas,fabric, or other ink receptive material. The substrate may, ormay not be, coated with one or more ink receptive layers.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Printed ink jet media are exposed to radiant energy froma xenon arc light source equipped with a Window-Glass Filter.4.2 Th
12、e duration of the exposure may vary widely depend-ing on the lightfastness of the ink/media.4.3 During the course of the exposure, changes in color andoptical density in the printed samples are periodically evalu-ated. Color changes are determined either visually by compari-son with the unexposed fi
13、le specimens or instrumentally bycomparison with the color of the same specimen prior toexposure and reported as color difference, DE. The colorchanges of a series of prints are compared with each other or1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F05 on BusinessImaging Products and
14、is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F05.07 on Ink JetImaging Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2011. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as F236605. DOI:10.1520/F2366-05R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, w
15、ww.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.wit
16、h those of a control exposed at the same time for whichperformance under use conditions are known. The change inoptical density is determined instrumentally and reported aspercent retained optical density.4.4 The exposure may be continued for a specific durationof time, or until a predetermined colo
17、r change and change inoptical density has been achieved.5. Significance and Use5.1 Lightfastness of printed ink jet media for specifiedperiods of time is pertinent to the end use of these materials.Since the ability of ink jet prints to withstand color changes isa function of the spectral power dist
18、ribution of the light sourceto which it is exposed, it is important that lightfastness beassessed under the conditions appropriate to the end useapplication. While ink jet prints may be handled and displayedunder a variety of conditions, this practice is intended toproduce the color changes that may
19、 occur in ink jet prints uponexposure to irradiation from daylight filtered through windowglass by simulating these conditions.5.2 The accelerated procedure covered in this practice isintended to provide a means for the rapid evaluation of relativelightfastness under laboratory test conditions. The
20、Practicedoes not provide a rating of the lightfastness of the prints, butdetermines the lightfastness ranking of a series of prints or theperformance compared to controls with known lightfastness.Test results are useful for specification acceptance betweenproducer and user, for quality control, and
21、for research andproduct development.5.3 Color changes may not be a linear function of durationof exposure. The preferred method of determining effect of thelight is to expose the prints for a number of intervals and toassess the exposure time required to obtain a specific colorchange or change in op
22、tical density.6. Interferences6.1 It is recognized that the rate of photo degradation of inkjet prints will vary significantly due to factors such as initialcolor density, the area printed (solid versus half-tone), thesubstrate, the ink type (dye versus pigment inks), and thecoating type and thickne
23、ss. Consequently, test results must bedetermined individually for each printed substrate.6.2 Variations in exposure time, temperature and humiditymay also affect results.7. Apparatus7.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus with a Window Glass Filterthat conform to the requirements defined in Practices G151 andG1
24、55.7.2 Use an uninsulated black panel thermometer as de-scribed in ASTM G151.7.3 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-tion (SPD) of the xenon arc shall conform to the requirementsof Table 2 in Practice G155 for a xenon arc with a WindowGlass Filter. Also refer to Fig. X1.1 of Appe
25、ndix X1 for arepresentative spectral power distribution graph of a xenon arcwith a Window Glass Filter.7.4 Use an appropriate spectrophotometer, spectrocolorim-eter or colorimeter for measuring color changes and a densi-tometer for measuring changes in optical density.Alternatively,a spectrodensitom
26、eter can be used for both color and opticaldensity measurements.8. Test Specimen8.1 The substrate, method of printing, ink lay-down, andhandling of printed specimens shall be consistent with theanticipated end use of the specimens.8.2 The test image may be generated with personal com-puter word proc
27、essing, drawing/graphics or page layout soft-ware, saved as a print file for each printer/method of printing(contributing its unique ink and ink/receiver interactions thatmay impact in the image light stability), trial-printed, andevaluated for appropriate ink lay-down (purity and amount)and ease of
28、 printing and testing. Each print file should have itsfilename, type, and version identified in the image area and aplace for experimental notes (for example, time, printer,environmental conditions, operator). The printer settings and atrial print of each print file version should be archived.8.3 Th
29、e recommended test image shall consist of a stan-dardized arrangement of color patches printed using print filescontaining the appropriate printer setup specific for eachapplication. This test image shall contain color patches atmaximum print density (100 % fill) for each of the primarycolors (cyan,
30、 magenta, yellow, and black), secondary colors(red, green, blue), and composite black (cyan plus magentayellow). In addition, since lightfastness may vary as a functionof print density, low optical density patches are recommendedto test the lightfastness of binary images of discrete ink spots.A step
31、 wedge containing patches with a range of opticaldensities (for example 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % fill) maybe useful for this test.8.4 For visual examination, the specimen size as indicatedin practice D1729 is a minimum of 3-12 by 6-12 in. (90 by 165mm). For instrumental evaluation, the specimen m
32、ust be largeenough to cover the specimen port; a minimum size of 1.25 in.3 1.25 in. (35 mm 3 35 mm) is satisfactory for manyinstruments.8.4.1 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three rep-licate specimens of each test material and of the controlmaterial, if used.8.5 The unexposed file specim
33、ens are prepared for visualevaluations or measured for instrumental evaluations as de-scribed in 8.5.1 and 8.5.2, respectively.8.5.1 For visually evaluated tests, set aside a replicate printor cut off a segment of suitable size; store in a dark, dry place.8.5.2 For instrumentally evaluated tests, ma
34、ke color mea-surements in the relevant specimen area(s) prior to exposure.NOTE 1The unexposed file specimen control should not be a maskedspecimen. Even though shielded from radiation, some materials mayundergo color changes, due to the heat or moisture present during the test.8.6 Test prints on opa
35、que substrates do not require backingmaterial and shall be tested in accordance with their intendeduse. Transparencies shall be backed with a white backingmaterial. Translucent substrates shall be backed with a diffuseblack backing material with an image density of 1.5 6 0.2 asdescribed in ANSI IT2.
36、71995 Annex A1.F2366 05 (2011)29. Conditioning9.1 It is recommended that samples be conditioned at 25Cand 45 % RH for at least 24 h prior to testing. Specimens shallbe visually inspected for color uniformity and surface irregu-larities, which could adversely affect color measurement.10. Exposure Pro
37、cedure10.1 Practice G155 lists several exposure cycles that areused for xenon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Unlessotherwise specified, use a xenon-arc apparatus with a WindowGlass Filter and operate in accordance with Practice G155. Usethe following exposure cycle:Set the machine to mainta
38、in an irradiance level of 0.35W/(m2 nm )at 340 nm. The settings at other wavelengths orspectral regions that provide equivalent irradiance at 340 nmare: 0.90 W/(m2 nm) at 420 nm; 42.3 W/m2at 300 to 400 nm;and 490 W/m2at 300 to 800 nm. Expose specimens to 100 %light. The uninsulated Black Panel Tempe
39、rature shall be 63C.In devices that provide for humidity control, set the relativehumidity at 55 %. In devices that provide for chamber airtemperature control, set the chamber air temperature for 48C.NOTE 2Committee G03 is developing information to be published inthe Appendices of G151 and G155 for
40、guidance on uniformity ofconditions in the test chambers and allowed operational fluctuations of thesetpoints.10.2 Specimens should be confined to an exposure area inwhich the irradiance is at least 90 % of the irradiance at thecenter of the exposure area. Unless it is known that irradianceuniformit
41、y meets this requirement, use one of the proceduresdescribed in Practice G151, section 5.1.4 to ensure equalradiant exposure on all specimens or to compensate forirradiance differences within the exposure chamber. If thespecimens do not completely fill the racks, fill the emptyspaces with blank meta
42、l panels to maintain the test conditionswithin the chamber. The apparatus shall be operated continu-ously. However, if the test needs to be interrupted to performroutine maintenance or inspection, it should be during a dryperiod.11. Evaluation Procedure11.1 Immediately before exposure, measure all t
43、est speci-mens on a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter (see TestMethod E1348 or E1349) or colorimeter (see Test Method E1347) using CIE 1964 (10) Supplementary Standard Observerand Standard Illuminant D65. Exclude specular reflection fromthe measurements.11.2 Evaluate the exposed specimens for
44、changes in coloreither visually or instrumentally in accordance with TestMethods D1729 and D3424, Section 11, respectively. Forinstrumental evaluations, using the CIE 1976 L* a* b* equa-tion described in Test Method D2244, calculate DL*, Da*,Db*, and DE*abbetween each exposed specimen and itsunexpos
45、ed counterpart.11.3 Evaluate the exposed specimens for changes in opticaldensity measured perANSI/NAPM IT9.9-1996, paragraphs 3.3- 3.6. Percent retained density shall be calculated as follows:% Retained Optical Density 5Optical Density After ExposureOptical Density Before Exposure3 100(1)NOTE 3If in
46、strumental color measurements are used, the type ofequipment, the method and the color-difference equation used must bestated.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Identification of test specimens and control speci-men(s), including the method of printing, print area (% fill),
47、and substrate.12.1.2 Type and model of exposure device.12.1.3 Type of light source.12.1.4 Type and age of filters at the beginning of theexposure, and whether there were any filter changes during theperiod of exposure.12.1.5 Elapsed exposure time, h.12.1.6 If required, procedure to ensure equal radi
48、ant expo-sure on all specimens or to compensate for differences in thetest chamber.12.1.7 Results from the visual examination or instrumentalevaluation of color change per Practice D1729 or Test MethodD2244.12.1.8 Percent retained optical density.F2366 05 (2011)3APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.
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