1、Designation: F2378 05 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Test Method forSealability of Sheet, Composite, and Solid Form-in-PlaceGasket Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case o
2、f revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a means of evaluating thesealing properties of sheet, composite, and s
3、olid form-in-placegasket materials (see Classification F104 or F868) at roomtemperature, and may be used for fluid (gas or liquid) leak ratemeasurements. It utilizes relatively short hold times and is notintended to predict long-term performance in application.1.2 This test method is suitable for ev
4、aluating the sealingcharacteristics of a gasket material under different press loadsby measuring the leakage rate. This test method may be used asan acceptance test when the producer and user have agreed tospecific test conditions for the following parameters: (1) testmedium, (2) internal pressure o
5、f the medium, (3) press load onthe gasket specimen, and (4) the surface finish of the platens.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any,
6、associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products in A
7、uto-motive ApplicationsF104 Classification System for Nonmetallic Gasket Materi-alsF868 Classification for Laminated Composite Gasket Mate-rials2.2 ANSI Standard:3B57.1 Compressed Gas Cylinder Valve Outlet and InletConnections3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 press loadthe load applied by the hydr
8、aulic press tothe test assembly divided by the gasket area. The press load isnot compensated for as the internal pressure is increased, so thegasket stress is reduced for the test conditions.3.1.2 solid form-in-place gasketa solid length of gasket-ing material generally in a ribbon or rope form that
9、 can be laidout on the platen surface and overlapped at the ends to form acontinuous sealing surface.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method utilizes a test specimen compressed inincreasing stages between the surfaces of two flat steel platens.After the specified press load is applied, fluid (
10、typicallynitrogen) is introduced into the center of the annular gasketcompressed between platens, and a pressure of 4 MPa (580 psi)is applied. The fluid leak rate is measured. The fluid pressure isrelieved and the press load is increased to the next level. Thefluid pressure is reapplied and the leak
11、 rate measured again.The cycle is repeated 5 times until a final press load of 32 MPa(4640 psi) is achieved. Other press loads, internal pressures,pressurizing fluids, and number of cycles can be used as agreedupon between the producer and the user.All variations from thestandard requirements must b
12、e reported with the test results.4.1.1 The fluid leak rate is measured by mass flow meterslocated downstream from the gasket test fixture. Other meansof leak measurement also may be used and would depend uponthe test fluid, the leak rate, and the accuracy required as agreedupon between the producer
13、and the user.4.2 This test method uses flat platens on which an externalload is applied to produce a compressive force on the gaskettest specimen. The uncompensated load applied is the pressload.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F03 on Gasketsand is the direct responsibil
14、ity of Subcommittee F03.10 on Composite Gaskets.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originallyapproved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F2378 05 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/F2378-05R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
15、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.Copyright ASTM International, 10
16、0 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.3 Results of the sealability tests are typically expressed asa leak rate in mL/min for the test specimen under the specificconditions of the test for gases or mL/h for liquids, or may beexpressed as mass loss per uni
17、t of time.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is designed to compare sealing char-acteristics of gasket materials under controlled conditions byproviding a precise measure of leakage rate at different pressloads up to 32 MPa (4640 psi).5.2 This test method is suitable for measuring leakage r
18、atesfrom 0.1 mL/min to as high as 5 L/min for gases.5.3 This test method evaluates leak rates after time periods(typically 30 min) that result in a steady state leakage ratecondition. Holding gasket materials under load and internalfluid pressure until steady state is achieved is required to obtainr
19、eproducible results.5.4 If the fluid being used in the test causes changes, such asswelling, in the gasket material, it may affect results anddiminish repeatability.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus shall consist of a press frame (forexample, one rated at 225 kN (25 tons) or greater), withwell-aligned p
20、latens, or a ball-jointed platen against a fixedplaten. The platens shall be aligned parallel within 2 % of thetest specimen nominal thickness.6.2 Calibrated Hydraulic System, or load cells may be usedto monitor the load. Hydraulic system should have a loadsetting and controlling system with an accu
21、racy of 64 MPa (60psi) or 1 % of the target load.6.3 Calibrated Regulator and Gages, to monitor internalgas pressure or gas pressure over liquid. Test pressure shouldbe monitored and controlled with an accuracy of 640 kPa (6psi).6.4 Temperature and Pressure (10.35 MPa (1500 psi)Corrected Mass Flow M
22、eters, to monitor gas flow (leakage)from the gasket fixture. Typically multiple mass flow metersare piped parallel to the flow with only the most sensitive meterfor the flow conditions valved to the leakage stream. Forexample, 0-10, 0-100, and 0-1000 mL/min mass flow metersmay all be accurate to 0.2
23、5 %, but the former will measure a 1mL/min-leak 100 times more accurately than the latter. Otherleak measurement devices may be used as agreed uponbetween the producer and the user. Mass flow meters shouldhave an accuracy of 61 % of full scale or better.6.5 Pressure Control Regulators, to limit vari
24、ation andalarm, low pressure may be used at the discretion of the users,producers, or both.6.6 Platens, hardened and machined with either a serratedconcentric or serrated spiral finish having a resultant surfacefinish as agreed upon between the producer and user. Platensshould be a minimum of 25 mm
25、(1.0 in.) thick. Platens, anexample of which is shown in Fig. 1, shall be fitted with an ODrubber seal to contain the leaking gas. The platens shall besuitably drilled to accept the high-pressure gas inlet fitting andto permit a flow of the pressurizing fluid to fill the annulus ofthe test specimen,
26、 and to allow the pressure gage to beconnected. The outlet leaking fluid fitting shall be drilled tocollect the fluid outside of the test specimen OD and within therubber seal. The leak collection depends on the rubber seal.The load to seal the rubber seal shall be compensated so thatthe target pres
27、s load is achieved within the tolerance of 6.2.The center volume can be fitted with a solid plug to minimizeinternal volume and aid in platen alignment. The recess in thebottom of the fixture is intended to retain circular alignmentwith the hydraulic press.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Commercially a
28、vailable bottled, compressed nitrogen isthe recommended test fluid. Other fluids may be used as agreedupon between the producer and the user.7.2 Gasket test specimens as agreed upon by the producerand the user.FIG. 1 Test Assembly for Determining Sealability of Gasket MaterialsF2378 05 (2016)28. Haz
29、ards8.1 Normal safety practices required for operating pressureequipment shall be observed by the personnel conducting thetests.8.2 A suitably mounted, transparent safety shield shall beused as a barrier between the operator and the pressurizedsystem in case of a gasket blowout.8.3 All components of
30、 the system must be designed tosafely accommodate a maximum internal working pressure of10.3 MPa (1500 psi) and a gasket face load of 225 kN (25 tons)in order to satisfy the requirements of the user and ensure thesafety of the operator.8.4 Care shall be exercised to ensure proper support ofnitrogen
31、gas cylinders and pressure regulators used for oper-ating pressure control in accordance with ANSI B57.1.9. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units9.1 Preparation of Sheet or Composite Test Specimens:9.1.1 When sheet or composite gasket materials (see Clas-sification F104 or F868) are to be tested,
32、 the test specimensshall be die cut so that the edges are flat, clean, and free fromburrs. The size shall be 50 6 0.5 mm (1.968 6 0.020 in.) ininside diameter and 90 6 0.5 mm (3.543 6 0.020 in.) inoutside diameter. The thickness shall be 1.5 mm (116 in.)nominal or as agreed upon between producer and
33、 user. Actualthickness shall be measured and reported. The assumed aver-age area of this test specimen is 4398 mm2(6.817 in.2).9.1.2 Test specimens shall be inspected and rejected forsurface irregularities, such as scratches, tears, or clumps offibers.9.2 Preparation of Form-In-Place Test Specimens:
34、9.2.1 Types 4 and 5 Form-In-Place Gasket Materials (seeClassification F104)A 245-mm (9.6-in.) piece of standardsize material between 4.7 and 6.4 mm (316 and14 in.) nominalsize or width, shall be formed into a circle of 75 mm (3.0 in.)mean diameter. The ends of Type 4 material shall be so laid asto h
35、ave a 6.4 6 1.6 mm (14 6116 in.) overlap to complete theseal. The Type 5 material shall have an overlap of 1.6 6 0.8mm (116 6132 in.) to complete the seal.9.2.2 Test specimens shall be inspected and rejected forsurface irregularities, such as scratches and tears.10. Preparation of Apparatus10.1 Test
36、 Method:10.1.1 Prior to running any tests, check the setup for leaks.This can be accomplished by inserting in the fixture a rubbergasket cut from an approximately 1.0 mm (0.040 in.) thickrubber compound conforming to Grade BG 515 in accordancewith Classification D2000. Adjust the press load to 32 MP
37、a(4640 psi) and the internal pressure of the test fluid to 4 MPa(580 psi). The system shall be free of leaks for 30 min underthese conditions.11. Calibration and Standardization11.1 The load frame should be calibrated using suitableequipment, for example Morehouse Rings from MorehouseInstrument Comp
38、any.4Calibration range shall be consistentwith the load range needed. Suitable calibration curves shall begenerated as needed.11.2 Gages to monitor internal fluid pressure should becalibrated using suitable equipment, for example, TransmationPrecision Pressure Calibrator Model 109.5Calibration range
39、shall be consistent with the internal pressure being monitored.Calibration curves shall be generated as needed.11.3 The mass flow meters used to measure gas leakagerates should be calibrated using suitable equipment, forexample, Precision Wet Test Meter.5Calibration range shall beconsistent with the
40、 mass flow leak rate being monitored.Calibration curves shall be generated as needed.11.4 If liquids are used as the pressuring fluid, the liquidmeasuring system should be calibrated using suitableequipment, for example, Precision Micro Buret.5Calibrationrange shall be consistent with the liquid flo
41、w leak rate beingmonitored. Calibration curves shall be generated as needed.12. Conditioning12.1 Condition all types of test specimens as specified inClassification F104 or F868 unless otherwise agreed uponbetween the producer and user.13. Procedure13.1 The temperature of the test shall be 21 to 30C
42、 (70 to85F) unless otherwise specified. Tests at temperatures otherthan ambient must take note of the many temperature effects onthe test media, test fixture, and gasket material under evalua-tion.13.2 Measure and record the actual thickness of the gaskettest specimens as specified in Classification
43、 F104 or F868 priorto testing.13.3 Measure and record the weight of the gasket testspecimen to the nearest 0.01 g after conditioning and prior totesting.13.4 Leak Rate:13.4.1 The leak rate will be measured at the following pressloads: 6.9 MPa (1000 psi), 10.4 MPa (1500 psi), 13.8 MPa(2000 psi), 17.2
44、 MPa (2500 psi), and 32.0 MPa (4640 psi) (seeNote 1) unless other press loads are agreed upon between theproducer and the user.NOTE 1The final press load of 32 MPa is similar to the press loadrequirements in DIN 3535. This DIN test, however, requires a two-hourhold at pressure and the use of two mil
45、 polyester film on both sides of thetest specimen.4The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Morehouse Instrument Company, 1742 Sixth Avenue, York, PA 17403. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headqu
46、arters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Transmation, Inc., 977-T Mt. Read Blvd., P.O. Box 60803, Rochester, NY 14606.If you are
47、aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.F2378 05 (2016)313.4.2 Ensure that the platen sealing surfaces are clean andfre
48、e from any embedded material from previous tests. Install agasket test specimen in the leak rate test fixture. Ensure that thetest specimen is well centered, within 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.), onthe platens. The gasket test specimen shall be in direct contactwith the platen surface.13.5 Place the assembled
49、 test fixture (platens) in the devicefor applying the press load. Apply the press load graduallywithin about 1 min. The press load is applied to a 4398-mm2(6.817-in.2) area, and then the internal fluid pressure is appliedto a 1963-mm2(3.04-in.2) area, in effect to neutralize a part ofthe press load. Net load on the sample is equal to the press loadminus the internal load. Report the press load, which is notcompensated for in the reduction in load due to the internalpressure.13.6 Flush the test specimen annulus with the pressurizingfluid. Pressurize the test specimen
