1、Designation: F2388 16Standard Consumer Safety Specification forBaby Changing Tables for Domestic Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2388; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis consumer safety specification addresses incidents associated with baby changing tablesidentified by the U.S. Consumer Produc
3、t Safety Commission (CPSC). Incidents involved collapse,falls from the table, and entrapment in structural members.In response to incident data collected by CPSC, this consumer safety specification attempts tominimize the risk of injury and death due to: (1) falls from changing tables, (2) failure o
4、f structuralor mechanical components, (3) instability and entrapment in openings in the table structure. Thisspecification also contains requirements for warnings and instructional materials directed to parents orcaregivers.1. Scope1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performancerequirement
5、s, test methods, and labeling requirements to pro-mote the safe use of baby changing tables and other changingproducts such as contoured changing pads and add-on chang-ing units that are sold separately for use on furniture productsother than changing tables.1.2 This specification covers products so
6、ld for domestic usefor children up to a weight of 30 lb (13.6 kg).1.3 Changing tables and other changing products soldseparately, such as contoured changing pads and add-onchanging units shall meet all applicable performance andlabeling requirements.1.4 No changing table, contoured changing pad, or
7、add-onchanging unit produced after the approval date of this specifi-cation shall, either by label or other means, indicate compli-ance with this specification unless it conforms to all applicablerequirements contained herein, before, and after all testing.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units a
8、re to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method portion in Section 7 of this specification. Thisstandard
9、does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory require-ments prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
10、andards:2D3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestF406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-SizeBaby Cribs/Play YardsF963 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Safety2.2 Federal Regulations:316 CFR 1303 Ban of Lead-Containing Paint and CertainConsumer Products Bearing Lead-Contain
11、ing Paint16 CFR 1500 Hazardous SubstancesAct Regulations includ-ing sections:16 CFR 1500.48 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Point in Toys or Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.49 Technical Requirements for Determining aSharp Metal or Glass Ed
12、ge in Toys or Other ArticlesIntended for Use by Children Under Eight Years of Age16 CFR 1500.50-.52 Test Methods for Simulating Use andAbuse of Toys and Other Articles Intended for Use byChildren16 CFR 1501 Method for Identifying Toys and Other Ar-ticles Intended for Use by Children Under Three Year
13、s of1This consumer safety specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Commit-tee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeF15.18 on Cribs, Toddler Beds, Play Yards, Bassinets, Cradles and Changing Tables.Current edition approved July 1, 2016. Published July 2016.
14、Originally approvedin 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as F2388 15. DOI: 10.1520/F2388-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards
15、Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC),Washington, D.C. 20207, website: www.cpsc.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Age Which Present Choking, Aspiratio
16、n or IngestionHazards Because of Small Parts3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 add-on changing unit, na rigid addition to or sepa-rate product used in conjunction with an item of furniture thatprovides a changing surface or barriers, or both, to prevent theinfant
17、from rolling off the product when a diaper is beingchanged.3.1.2 barrier, nany component of the contoured changingpad, add-on changing unit, or changing table intended toprevent a child from rolling or falling off the changing surface.3.1.3 changing pad, na flat or contoured pad specificallydesigned
18、 for the purpose of changing the diaper of a child witha body weight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) on an elevated surface.The child is placed on the pad during the process of changing.3.1.4 changing surface, nthe surface that is in directcontact with the child when the changing table, changing pad,or add
19、-on changing unit is in the manufacturers recommendeduse position.3.1.5 changing table, nan elevated, freestanding structuregenerally designed to support and retain a child with a bodyweight of up to 30 lb (13.6 kg) in a horizontal position for thepurpose of allowing a caregiver to change the childs
20、 diaper.Changing tables may convert from or to other items offurniture, such as, but not limited to, a dresser, desk, hutch,bookshelf, or play yard, may have pull-out or drop-downchanging surfaces, and may provide storage for diapers anddiaper products.3.1.6 conspicuous, adjlabel that, when the chan
21、ging table,changing pad, or add-on changing unit is in a manufacturersrecommended use position, is visible to a person standing infront of the table in a position normally associated with the taskof changing a childs diaper.3.1.7 contoured changing pad, na changing pad designedfor use on an elevated
22、 surface which incorporates barriers toprevent a child from rolling off the changing surface.3.1.8 double action release mechanism, na release mecha-nism that requires either two consecutive actions, the first ofwhich must be maintained while the second is carried out, ortwo separate and independent
23、 single action locking mecha-nisms that must be activated simultaneously to fully release.3.1.9 manufacturers recommended use position(s), nanyposition that is presented as a normal, allowable, or acceptableconfiguration for the use of the product as a diaper changer bythe manufacturer in any descri
24、ptive or instructional literature.This specifically excludes positions that the manufacturershows in a like manner in its literature to be unacceptable,unsafe, or not recommended.3.1.10 non-paper label, nany label (material such asplastic or metal) which either will not tear without the aid oftools,
25、 or tears leaving a sharp defined edge.3.1.11 paper label, nany label material that tears withoutthe aid of tools and leaves a fibrous edge.3.1.12 self-folding steps, nsteps which must be held openby an adult caregiver that, when released, fold away and latchautomatically into their normally closed
26、position.3.1.13 support surface, na surface to which a changingpad or add-on changing unit may be mounted according tomanufacturers instructions.4. Calibration and Standardization4.1 All testing shall be conducted on a concrete floor, whichmay be covered with18-in. (3-mm) thick vinyl flooring cover,
27、unless test instructs differently.4.2 Unless otherwise noted, the product shall be completelyassembled in accordance with the manufacturers instructions,including any pad supplied by the manufacturer or pad themanufacturer requires, for product to be used as a changingtable.4.3 No testing shall be c
28、onducted within 48 h of manufac-turing.4.4 The product to be tested shall be placed in a room withambient temperature of 73 6 9F (23 6 5C) for at least 1 hprior to testing. Testing shall then be conducted within thistemperature range.4.5 All testing required by this specification shall be con-ducted
29、 on the same unit.5. General Requirements5.1 Sharp Points and EdgesThere shall be no hazardoussharp points or sharp edges as defined by 16 CFR 1500.48 and16 CFR 1500.49 before and after testing to this specification.5.2 Small PartsThere shall be no small parts as defined by16 CFR 1501 before testing
30、 or liberated as a result of testing tothis specification.5.3 Surface CoatingsThe paint or surface coating on theproduct shall comply with 16 CFR 1303.5.4 Wood PartsPrior to testing, any exposed wood partsshall be smooth and free from splinters.5.5 OpeningsHoles or slots that extend entirely through
31、 awall section of any rigid material less than 0.375-in. (9.53-mm)thick and admit a 0.210-in. (5.33-mm) diameter rod shall alsoadmit a 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) diameter rod. Holes or slots thatare between 0.210 in. (5.33 mm) and 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) andhave a wall thickness less than 0.375 in. (9.53 mm) b
32、ut arelimited in depth to 0.375-in. (9.53-mm) maximum by anotherrigid surface shall be permissible (see Fig. 1). The product shallbe evaluated in all manufacturers use positions.5.6 Changing tables or add-on changing units intended to beattached to a non-full-size crib/play yard shall conform to the
33、requirements of this specification and Consumer Safety Speci-fication F406 when attached in the manufacturers recom-mended use position.5.7 ToysToy accessories attached to, removable from, orsold with a changing table, contoured changing pad, or anadd-on changing unit, as well as their means of atta
34、chment,must meet applicable requirements of Consumer Safety Speci-fication F963.F2388 1626. Performance Requirements6.1 Protective ComponentsIf a child can grasp protectivecomponents between the thumb and forefinger, or teeth, suchas caps, sleeves, or plugs used for protection from sharp edges,point
35、s, or entrapment of fingers or toes, or if there is at least a0.040-in. (1.00-mm) gap between the protective componentand its adjacent parent component, such protective componentshall not be removed when tested in accordance with 7.1.6.2 Structural IntegrityWhen tested in accordance with7.2, there s
36、hall be no breakage of the unit, nor shall it fail toconform with any other requirements in this specificationbefore and after all testing.NOTE 1Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that aresold separately are exempt from this requirement.6.3 StabilityWhen tested in accordance with 7.3,
37、 the unitshall not tip over.NOTE 2Contoured changing pads and add-on changing units that aresold separately are exempt from this requirement.6.4 Barriers:6.4.1 Each changing table, contoured changing pad, oradd-on changing unit shall include barriers as an integral partof the product.6.4.2 For chang
38、ing tables with a flat changing surface,barriers shall be provided around all sides of the changingsurface.6.4.3 Changing tables and add-on changing units with acontoured changing pad and contoured changing pads soldseparately shall have barriers on the two opposing long sides.6.4.4 When tested in a
39、ccordance with 7.4, barriers shallprevent the test cylinder from falling from the changing surfaceand shall not break or fail to conform with the requirements ofSection 5.6.5 Retention of Contoured Changing Pads and Add-onChanging UnitsThis requirement applies to contouredchanging pads and other add
40、-on changing units sold with orindependent of a changing table.FIG. 1 Opening ExamplesF2388 163NOTE 3Non-full-size cribs/play yards are exempt from thisrequirement, as they must comply with the retention and opening/entrapment requirements specified in Consumer Safety SpecificationF406, “Entrapment
41、in Attachments” Section.6.5.1 When tested in accordance with 7.4, a contouredchanging pad or add-on changing unit shall not shift or slidemore than 1 in. (25 mm) in any direction from its originalposition.6.5.1.1 If tabs or straps are provided to secure the contouredchanging pad, when tested in acco
42、rdance with 7.4, the pad shallnot shift or slide more than 1 in. (25 mm) in a directionopposite from the edge containing attachment tabs or straps.6.6 Entrapment in Enclosed OpeningsWhen tested inaccordance with 7.5, there shall be no completely boundedopenings (openings surrounded by a boundary on
43、all sides)anywhere in the structure of a changing table that are acces-sible to the occupant or a child around the base of the unit andthat permit the free passage of the torso probe shown in Fig. 5unless they also permit the free passage of the 9.0-in. (229-mm) diameter probe shown in Fig. 6. Exemp
44、t from thisrequirement are self-folding steps when in their open position.6.7 Entrapment by ShelvesWhen tested in accordancewith the procedure in 7.6, any shelf above 4.3 in. (109 mm)from the floor that, because its movement may expose anopening that could entrap a childs head, shall not permit thee
45、ntire passage of the small head probe shown in Fig. 7 throughthe exposed opening. Excluded from this requirement arepullout drawers and shelves enclosed within a cabinet equippedwith a door(s).6.8 Self-folding StepsSelf-folding steps shall be secured intheir closed position by either a double action
46、 releasemechanism, or a single-action locking or latching device thatshall require a minimum force of 10 lbf (45 N) to activate therelease mechanism when tested in accordance with 7.7.7. Test Methods7.1 Removal of Protective ComponentsProtective compo-nents shall be tested in accordance with each of
47、 the followingmethods in the sequence listed.7.1.1 Torque TestGradually apply a torque of 3 lbf-in. (0.3N-m) within a period of5sinaclockwise direction until eitherthe component rotates 180 from the original position or atorque of 3 lbf-in. (0.3 N-m) is attained. The torque ormaximum rotation shall
48、be maintained for an additional 10 s.The torque shall then be removed and the protective compo-nent permitted to return to a relaxed condition. This procedureshall then be repeated in a counterclockwise direction.7.1.2 Tension Test:7.1.2.1 Attach a force gage to the cap, sleeve or plug bymeans of an
49、y suitable device. For protective components thatcannot reasonably be expected to be grasped between thumband forefinger or teeth on their outer diameter but have a gapof at least 0.040 in. (1.00 mm) between the rear surface of theprotective component and the structural member of the chang-ing table to which they are attached, a clamp such as the oneshown in Fig. 2 may be a suitable device.7.1.2.2 Assure that the attachment device does not compressor expand the protective component so that it hinders anypossible removal.7.1.2.3 Graduall
