1、Designation: F2400 06 (Reapproved 2011)F2400 16 An American National StandardStandard Specification forHelmets Used in Pole Vaulting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2400; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONPole vaulting by its very nature carries a risk of serious injury and even death. Participation i
3、n polevaulting (just as in other sports involving speed, heights, and falls) implies acceptance of this risk.Measures to significantly reduce this risk include, first and foremost, the use of regulation sized polevault pits and padded standard base covers, along with the removal or padding of any ad
4、jacent hardsurfaces. Education of pole vault coaches and athletes is another important risk reduction measure.Helmets might be part of a plan to reduce risk as well. A helmet that meets this specification mightbe helpful for certain events like a bounce out, a fall while exiting the pole vault pit,
5、or other impacts.Ahelmet, however, is not likely to prevent serious injury or death if a vaulter lands outside of the polevault pit and strikes his or her head after a vault.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers performance requirements for helmets to be used in the activity of pole vaulting.1.2 All
6、 testing and requirements of this specification are to be carried out in accordance with Test Methods F1446 except wherenoted in this specification.1.3 Partial utilization of this specification is prohibited. Any statement of compliance with this specification shall be acertification that the produc
7、t meets all of the requirements of the specification in their entirety.Aproduct that fails to meet any oneof the requirements of this specification is considered to have failed the specification and shall not be sold with any indication thatit meets parts of the specification.1.4 Helmets designed to
8、 comply with this and other standards may proclaim uses as certified by the manufacturer.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user
9、 of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities and is the direct responsibility ofS
10、ubcommittee F08.53 on Headgear and Helmets.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011April 1, 2016. Published February 2012May 2016. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 asF2400 06.F2400 06 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/F2400-06R11.10.1520/F2400-16.This document is not an ASTM s
11、tandard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all c
12、ases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F1446 Test Methods for Equipment an
13、d Procedures Used in Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Protective Headgear3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, see Test Methods F1446.4. Number of Samples4.1 Five helmets are required of each model and size to be tested.5. Conditioning5.1 Conditioning of
14、 test samples shall be in accordance with the requirements of the section on Conditioning Environments ofTest Methods F1446.6. Selection of Headform6.1 The appropriate size headform shall be selected based on the headform size selection terminology of Test Methods F1446for the helmet to be tested. H
15、eadforms to be used shall be as specified in Test Methods F1446. , using the variable mass dropassembly configuration.7. Reference Marking7.1 Marking the test line shall be in accordance with the Reference Marking requirements of Test Methods F1446.7.2 The preload ballast weight shall be 5 kg.7.3 Ma
16、rk the test line ABCD on the helmet as shown in Fig. 1.8. Helmet Inspection8.1 The configuration requirements of the section on Configuration in Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.8.1.1 In addition, for this specification no aerodynamic fairings will be allowed as pole-vaulters try or tend to lan
17、d on their back.8.1.2 Ventilation ports are allowed as long as all other requirements of this specification are met.8.1.3 When mounted on the reference headform in accordance with the section on Reference Marking of Test Methods F1446,determine the minimum distance from the headform to the outer sur
18、face of the helmet at any point above the test line. In thiscontext, the outer surface can be defined by conforming a flexible strip of steel to the outer surface. No portion of the helmetsouter surface shall be more than 15 mm further from the surface of the test headform than the minimum distance.
19、8.1.4 Lateral visual clearance shall be unobstructed through at least 105 to each side of the median plane and upward visualclearance must be unobstructed through at least 40 above the reference plane.8.1.4.1 The clearance for peripheral vision will be checked by placing the helmet on each appropria
20、te headform, positioning itaccording to the helmet positioning index, and holding it in place with the preload ballast weight of 5 kg. The clearance mustinclude the upward visual clearance and the lateral visual clearance. The helmet shall be tested with all detachable componentsremoved and all adju
21、stable components set in the most unfavorable manner for the test. No part of the helmet shall intrude intothe required clearance.8.1.4.2 The upward visual clearance is the solid angle bounded by the reference plane of the headform and a second plane tiltedupward from the reference plane.This second
22、 plane intersects the reference plane at two points on the front surface of the headformthat are 31 mm to the right and left of the longitudinal plane as shown in Figure 13 of Test Methods F1446. The dihedral angleformed by the reference plane and this second plane shall be at least 40.8.1.4.3 The l
23、ateral visual clearance, as shown in Figure 13 of Test Methods F1446, is the solid angle bounded by the referenceplane, the basic plane and two more planes that are perpendicular to the reference plane and that contain the point on the frontsurface of the headform at which the reference and longitud
24、inal planes intersect. Each of these two planes forms a dihedral anglewith the longitudinal plane as specified in the individual standard. This angle shall be 105.8.2 The materials requirements of the section on Materials in Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.8.3 Labeling Requirements:8.3.1 Each
25、helmet shall contain labels that satisfy the labeling requirements of Test Methods F1446.8.3.2 In addition, one or more of the interior labels of the helmet shall have the words: for use in the sport of pole vaulting.8.4 The interior projections requirements of the section on Interior Projections of
26、 Test Methods F1446 shall be satisfied.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.F2400 1629. Conditioni
27、ng9.1 Asingle sample of the helmets shall be conditioned in the ambient, low temperature, high temperature, and water immersionconditions identified in the section on Conditioning Environments of Test Methods F1446 prior to subsequent testing.10. Order of Testing10.1 Determination of compliance with
28、 this specification shall be performed in the sequence indicated in Sections 11 and 12.11. Retention System Testing11.1 Retention system testing shall be performed before impact testing.11.2 Dynamic Strength Retention TestThe hot and cold and water immersed helmets shall be subjected to the dynamic
29、loadingtest in accordance with the Dynamic Strength Retention Test of Test Methods F1446.11.2.1 The sliding drop mass shall be 4 kg with a drop height of 0.6 m.11.2.2 The retention system shall remain intact without elongating more than 30 mm.11.3 The ambient helmet shall be subjected to the positio
30、nal stability testing in accordance with the section on Roll-Off of TestMethods F1446.11.3.1 The sliding drop mass shall be 4 kg with a drop height of 0.6 m.11.3.2 The retention system shall remain intact and the helmet must remain on the headform.12. Impact Testing12.1 All impact testing shall be c
31、arried out in accordance with the section on Impact Attenuation of Test Methods F1446.NOTE 1The center of impact can be anywhere on or above the test line.FIG. 1 Test LineF2400 16312.2 Anvils as specified in the section on Impact Anvils of Test Methods F1446 to be used for impact tests in this speci
32、ficationinclude flat and curbstone.12.2.1 Test anvils can be oriented in any horizontal, centered direction.12.3 Each helmet shall be given two flat anvil impacts and two curbstone anvil impacts in any sequence. The four impacts shallbe on different impact sites on the helmet. The impact sites may b
33、e anywhere on or above the test line.12.4 The helmets shall be dropped onto the flat anvil at an impact velocity of 6.2 m/s corresponding to the theoretical dropheight of 2.0 m.12.5 The helmet shall be dropped onto the Curbstone Anvil at an impact velocity of 4.8 m/s corresponding to a drop height o
34、f1.2 m.12.6 The peak acceleration of any impact shall not exceed 300 g.13. Keywords13.1 helmet(s); pole vault; protective headgearASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard a
35、re expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
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37、u may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United
38、 States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 164
