1、Designation: F 2408 09Standard Specification forOrnamental Fences Employing Galvanized Steel TubularPickets1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2408; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes the minimum require-ments for coated tubular picket ornamental fence systemsfabricated fro
3、m galvanized steel components.1.2 The requirements of this specification do not apply tovertical bar fence systems utilizing solid bar or wrought ironmaterials.1.3 The values stated with in-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The SI values in parentheses are provided forinformation.2. Referen
4、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 239 Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc(Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles,A 653/A 653M Specification for Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated(Galvanized) or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed)by the Hot-Dip ProcessA 1008/A 1008M Specification for St
5、eel, Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability, So-lution Hardened, and Bake HardenableA 1011/A 1011M Specification for Steel, Sheet and Strip,Hot-Rolled, Carbon, Structural, High-Strength Low-Alloy,High-Strength Low-Alloy with
6、Improved Formability, andUltra-High StrengthB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering ofPaintsD 822 Practice for Filtered Open-Flame Carbon-Arc Expo-sures of Paint and Related CoatingsD 1654 Test Me
7、thod for Evaluation of Painted or CoatedSpecimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2794 Test Method for Resistance of Organic Coatings tothe Effects of Rapid Deformation (Impact)
8、D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 tubular picket ornamental metal fence systemanarchitectural metal fence system that combines ornamentalfence structural
9、 components (that is, tubular pickets, rails, andposts) with ornamental accessories and fasteners, assembledand evaluated as a complete installed structure.3.1.2 fence panelfabricated unit consisting of rails andpickets. Also referred to as a fence section.3.1.3 railhorizontal structural component o
10、f a fencepanel.3.1.4 tubular pickethollow vertical ornamental compo-nent of a fence panel.3.1.5 postvertical fence structural component that sup-ports the panel in the ornamental metal fence system.3.1.6 ornamental accessoryany fitting that adds furtherdecoration to an ornamental metal fence system
11、includingitems such as finials, caps, picket collars, rings, scrolls, or otherornamental panel inserts.3.1.7 adhesionthe bonding integrity of an organic coatingto the base metal substrate.3.1.8 corrosion resistancethe ability of an organicallycoated metal product to resist attack due to the base met
12、alattempting to return to a more passive oxidized state.3.1.9 impact resistancethe measure of an organicallycoated metal product to resist indention; the ability of a coatingto resist cracking or loss of adhesion due to reforming the metalduring bending or a shape change from abuse.1This specificati
13、on is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fencesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.35 on Architectural MetalFence Systems.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 2408 - 07.
14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
15、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.10 weathering resistancethe ability of an organicallycoated metal product to resist loss of coating gloss or colorchange due to excessive humidity or ultra-violet (UV) sunlightexposure.4. Significance and Use4.1 The purpose of this specificat
16、ion is to define minimumselection criteria and test procedures to ensure product usersthat a tubular picket ornamental metal fence system has thestrength necessary to withstand reasonable loads and penetra-tion forces, and has the appropriate combination of materialand surface protection to withstan
17、d the harmful effects ofcorrosion and weathering for an extended period of time.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Steel material for tubular picket ornamental fence sys-tem structural components shall be galvanized by the hot-dipprocess, either after forming (in accordance with 5.1.1), orprior to form
18、ing (in accordance with 5.1.2).5.1.1 Steel material for fence structural components (that is,tubular pickets, rails, and posts), when galvanized after form-ing, shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA 1008/A 1008M or Specification A 1011/A 1011M, with a minimumyield strength of 45 000 ps
19、i (310 MPa). The exterior shall behot-dip galvanized with a 0.3 oz/ft2(92 g/m2) minimum zincweight. The exterior galvanized surface shall be chemicaltreated or conversion coated to adhere a polymeric coating. Apolymeric coating shall be applied and provide a minimum of95 % surface coverage as disclo
20、sed by Practice A 239, Proce-dure 7.1. The interior surface shall be coated with a thermo-setting coating containing zinc or other rust inhibitors and have0.3 mils (0.0076 mm) minimum thickness.5.1.2 Steel material for fence structural components (that is,tubular pickets, rails, and posts), when gal
21、vanized prior toforming, shall conform to the requirements of SpecificationA 653/A 653M, with a minimum yield strength of 45 000 psi(310 MPa). For Industrial applications (see Table 1), the steelshall be hot-dip galvanized to meet Specification A 653/A 653M with a minimum zinc coating weight of 0.9
22、oz/ft2(276g/m2), Coating Designation G-90. For Light Industrial andResidential applications (see Table 1), the steel shall be hot-dipgalvanized to meet Specification A 653/A 653M with a mini-mum zinc coating weight of 0.6 oz/ft2(184 g/m2), CoatingDesignation G-60.5.2 Organic Coating Materials:5.2.1
23、Powder coatings applied to the exterior surface offence components shall be polymer material: polyester orepoxy and polyester combinations having a minimum thick-ness of 3 mils; polyolefin elastomer having a minimumthickness of 7 mils; or PVC having a minimum thickness of 10mils.5.2.2 Wet coating ap
24、plied to the exterior surface of fencecomponents shall be a two-coat paint application system (onecoat of epoxy, polyester or polyurethane primer; one coat ofpolyester, polyurethane, or acrylic liquid) with the total com-bined coating having a minimum thickness of 2 mils.5.3 Fittings, fasteners, and
25、 decorative accessories for orna-mental steel fence systems shall be manufactured with amaterial and finish coating that meets the same protectivecoating performance requirements as required for panels andposts.6. Physical Dimensions6.1 Cross-section and thickness dimensional requirementsfor ornamen
26、tal metal fence structural components shall be asspecified by the manufacturer, provided that the performancecriteria of Section 8 are met. Table 1 is provided as a guidelineto show nominal values typically used for residential, lightindustrial (commercial) and industrial applications.6.2 Fence heig
27、ht and space between rails may vary inaccordance with manufacturers standards, provided local or-dinances and building codes do not limit these dimensions fora specific application, such as might be the case for pool safety,gate safety, or structural wind load bearing capacity. Nosharply pointed pic
28、ket tops shall be used on fences less thanfour ft (1.22 m) in height.NOTE 1Fence height is a nominal value and is typically the distancefrom grade to the top of the fence.6.3 The spacing between pickets shall be four in. (101.6mm) or less; however, if applicable local regulations (such asmay be appl
29、ied to pool fencing, child care facility fencing,public railing systems, or fencing adjacent to automated gates,and so forth) have more restrictive spacing requirements, thenthose local regulations shall govern.7. Workmanship7.1 All ornamental metal fence system components shall beproduced using mat
30、erials and finishes specified in Section 5,and shall be free from defects in workmanship.TABLE 1 Nominal Sizes for Ornamental Fence Structural ComponentsApplication Component Typical Cross-Section Wall ThicknessResidential Picket58 by58 in. (15.9 by 15.9 mm) 18 Ga.Rail 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) 1
31、8 Ga.Post 2 by 2 in. (50.8 by 50.8 mm) 16 Ga.Light Industrial (Commercial) Picket34 by34 in. (19.0 by 19.0 mm) 16 Ga.Rail 1-38 by 1-12 in. (34.9 by 38.1 mm) or1-12 by 1-12 in. (38.1 by 38.1 mm)14 Ga.Post 2-12 by 2-12 in. (63.5 by 63.5 mm) 14 Ga.Industrial Picket 1 by 1 in. (25.4 by 25.4 mm) 16 Ga.Ra
32、il 1-38 by 1-12 in. (34.9 by 38.1 mm) or1-12 by 1-12 in. (38.1 by 38.1 mm)14 Ga.Post 3 by 3 in. (76.2 by 76.2 mm) 12 Ga.F24080928. TestingStructural8.1 Structural Test Method AApplication of HorizontalConcentrated Load:8.1.1 Installation of Test SpecimenOne line of fence witha minimum of three panel
33、s of the fence system to be testedshall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers speci-fications and drawings. Selection of the test specimen shouldconsider the maximum range of styles and sizes to be certified(see Section 10).8.1.2 Apparatus:8.1.2.1 Testing MachineAny testing machine or lo
34、adingdevice, capable of imposing forces accurate to within 1 % (plusor minus), when calibrated in accordance with Practices E4,issuitable and may be used, provided the requirements ofspecified rate of loading and unloading are met. The testingdevice shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yieldin
35、g of itsvarious components and shall ensure that the applied loadremains essentially parallel to the relevant axis of the assemblyduring testing.8.1.2.2 Test SystemA diagrammatic test set-up for apply-ing horizontal tension forces to the assembly is shown in Fig.1. The bearing plate, normally 6 in.
36、(150 mm) long, shall be ofsufficient size to prevent local failure of the surroundingstructural members or components. The loading device shall beattached to the assembly by means of pins or a swivelconnector to prevent the direct transfer of any flexural forcesthrough the connection.8.1.2.3 Deflect
37、ion MeasurementsDial gages, having asmallest division of not more than 0.01 in. (0.25 mm), or anysuitable measurement devices or calibrated sensors of at leastcomparable accuracy and sensitivity shall be used to measurethe horizontal displacements of the top rail relative to itsoriginal location at
38、each loading point prior to load application.These devices shall have sufficient measurement capability toindicate the displacement throughout the test range.8.1.3 Procedure:8.1.3.1 PositioningPosition the test stand in such a waythat the load is applied, as shown in Fig. 1, to the structuralmember
39、perpendicular to the plane of the fence system withoutcausing any local failure at the point of load application.8.1.3.2 Mounting of InstrumentsMount the dial gage,measurement device, or sensor at the loading point as is shownin Fig. 1. Place the sensing element of the instrument in contactwith and
40、normal to the surface or an extension of the surface ofthe top rail of the fence system being tested in such a way asto measure displacement in the direction of the applied load.8.1.4 Load Application:8.1.4.1 Initial Load ApplicationApply an initial load cor-responding to 50 % of the required test l
41、oad (see Table 2) fora minimum of two minutes in order to bring all members intofull bearing. Reduce load to 25 % of the required test load(50 % of the preload), and observe the initial deflection. Thedeflection at this initial test load shall be the base point forsubsequent deflection readings.8.1.
42、4.2 Step Load ApplicationOnce the initial deflectionpoint has been established, load application shall proceed at auniform rate (see 8.1.4.3) to the required test load and the finaldeflection shall be calculated (by subtracting the deflectionreading at initial test load from the deflection reading a
43、t therequired test load) for comparison with the maximum allow-able deflection. If more detailed information on deformationrate versus load application is desired, the load may be appliedin constant-level steps to the required test load instead of thesingle step load application. For multiple step l
44、oads, each step(equal to approximately 15 % of the required test load) shouldbe released to the initial test load for observation of theFIG. 1 Test Set-Up for Application of Horizontal Concentrated LoadF2408093corresponding residual deflection. The initial and incrementalreadings of the force and de
45、flection gages at each load pointcan then be recorded in the form of load-deformation curves.8.1.4.3 Rate of LoadingThe rate of loading to the requiredtest load (or between increments if multiple steps are chosen)shall be uniform throughout the test and such that the load isapplied at a constant rat
46、e of deformation of 0.20 in. 6 0.10 in.(5.0 mm 6 2.5 mm) per minute. If this rate of loading cannotbe achieved because of the type of testing machine used or theequipment available, the rate of loading shall be as near to thatrequired in this subsection.8.2 Structural Test Method BApplication of Ver
47、tical Con-centrated Load:8.2.1 Installation of Test SpecimenA minimum of onepanel of the fence system to be tested shall be installed inaccordance with the manufacturers specifications and draw-ings. Selection of the test specimen should consider themaximum range of styles and sizes to be certified
48、(see Section10). The bottom of the fence panel shall be elevated by anoffset distance of approximately 12 in. (305 mm) to allow fordownward elastic deformation during test load application.8.2.2 Apparatus:8.2.2.1 Testing MachineAny testing machine or loadingdevice, capable of imposing forces accurat
49、e to within 1 % (plusor minus), when calibrated in accordance with Practices E4,issuitable and may be used, provided the requirements ofspecified rate of loading and unloading are met. The testingdevice shall be of sufficient capacity to prevent yielding of itsvarious components and shall ensure that the applied loadremains essentially parallel to the relevant axis of the assemblyduring testing.8.2.2.2 Test SystemA diagrammatic test set-up for apply-ing vertical forces to the assembly is shown in Fig. 2. Thebearing plate, normally 4 in. (101.
