1、Designation: F2454 05 (Reapproved 2016)1Standard Practice forSealing Lateral Connections and lines from the mainlineSewer Systems by the Lateral Packer Method, UsingChemical Grouting1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2454; the number immediately following the designation indicates
2、 the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial changes were made throughout in May 2016.INT
3、RODUCTIONThe infiltration of water in sanitary sewer systems through the lateral service connection and thefirst few joints of the lateral below the groundwater table is a major problem for collection systemowners. The combined length of the lateral services often exceeds the length of the mainline
4、sewers.Often, the lateral services have been built with little or no supervision and little or no above-groundaccess for monitoring and inspection.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for testing andsealing sewer lateral connections and lateral lines from themainline sewer with appropriat
5、e chemical grouts using thelateral packer method. Chemical grouting is used to stopinfiltration of ground water and exfiltration of sewage ingravity flow sewer systems that are structurally sound.1.2 This practice applies to mainline sewer diameters of 6 to24 in. with 4, 5, or 6 in. diameter lateral
6、s. Larger diameter pipeswith lateral connections and lines can be grouted with specialpackers or man-entry methods. The mainline and lateral pipesmust be structurally adequate to create an effective seal.1.3 Worker safety training should include reviewing thebiohazards and gases from sewage, confine
7、d spaces, pumpingequipment, and related apparatus. Additional safety consider-ations including proper handling, mixing, and transporting ofchemical grouts should be provided by the chemical groutmanufacturer or supplier, or both. Their safe operating prac-tices and procedures should describe in deta
8、il appropriatepersonal protective equipment (PPE) for the various groutingoperations. Operations covered should include the properstorage, transportation, mixing, and disposal of chemicalgrouts, additives, and their associated containers.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas
9、 standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th
10、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F2304 Practice for Sealing of Sewers Using ChemicalGrouting2.2 NASSCO Standard:3NASSCO Specification Guidelines Wastew
11、ater CollectionSystem Maintenance and Rehabilitation, 20033. Significance and Use3.1 The inspection, testing, and repair of lateral connectionsfor sanitary sewers are regular practice necessary for themaintenance and optimal performance of the system. It isimportant to identify methods that use the
12、most currentcompounds and technology to ensure the reduction of infiltra-tion and exfiltration. It is important to minimize disruption to1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F36 on Technologyand Underground Utilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F36.20on Ins
13、pection and Renewal of Water and Wastewater Infrastructure.Current edition approved April 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originallyapproved 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2454 05(2010). DOI:10.1520/F2454-05R16E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, o
14、rcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO),Inc., 2470 Longstone Lane, Suite M, Marriottsville, MD 2110
15、4, http:/www.nassco.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1traffic and lessen the environmental impacts for both themunicipal and private owners.3.2 This practice serves as a means to inspect, test, and sealsewer lateral
16、connections and a predetermined portion of thelateral lines from the mainline sewer, having selected theappropriate chemical grouts using the lateral packer method.Television (or optical) inspection and sewer lateral connectiontesting are used to assess the condition and document anyrepairs.3.3 This
17、 practice should not be used where mainline andlateral connections are found with longitudinally cracked pipe,structurally unsound pipe, or flattened or out of round pipe.4. Contract Responsibilities4.1 The lateral connection sealing contracts should define oraffix responsibility for, or make provis
18、ions for, the followingitems:4.1.1 Notice of Client/Owner Requirements, which are rel-evant to, and within the scope of, work to be performed underthe contract.4.1.2 Municipal and Other Licenses and Permits, (seePractice F2304) and assistance in obtaining approvals orconsent from utilities or carrie
19、rs or other persons or organiza-tions upon whose property or authority might be impinged bythe performance of work under the contract; or a writtenrelease from responsibility for the performance of work underthe contract if and to the extent that such work is precluded bythe inability to obtain appr
20、ovals or consent. If working onprivate property permission from the owners representative,the sewer line owner and the building department.4.1.3 Access to Site of Work, to be provided to the extent thatthe owner is legally able to do so, if unable to, a written releasefrom responsibility for the per
21、formance of work at sites whereaccess cannot be made available.4.1.4 Clearances of Blockages or Obstructions, in the sewersystem, if any, if such clearance is required for performance ofwork under the contract and if such clearance is not otherwiseprovided for within the contract.4.1.5 Location and
22、Exposure of All Manholes, unless other-wise provided for in the technical specifications of the contract.4.1.6 A Manhole Numbering System, for all areas of theproject, and accurate manhole invert elevations when requiredfor performance of the work.4.1.7 The Shutdown or Manual Operation of Certain Pu
23、mpStations, if such becomes necessary for performance of thework.4.1.8 Water, necessary for performance of work under thecontract, with permission to use water from fire hydrants at thesite of work, or other suitable designated sources within areasonable distance from work areas.4.1.9 Disposal Area,
24、 for all materials removed from thesewers during the performance of the work and the unencum-bered right of the contractor to transport and expeditiouslydispose of such materials at a location designated by the owner.4.1.10 A Secure Storage Area, of a size adequate to accom-modate the required vehic
25、les, equipment, and materials for theperiod of the contract.4.1.11 Notice to Third Parties, (such as utilities) of thecontractors intent to perform work in an area where suchparties may have rights to underground property or facilities.Request for maps or other descriptive information as to thenatur
26、e and location of such underground facilities or propertyand assurance of the contractors ability to enter any public orprivate lands to which access is required for performance of thework under the contract.4.1.12 Information Pertinent to the Site, including reportsprepared under previously accompl
27、ished studies or surveys andother data relative to the project, such as, maps, drawings,construction specifications sewer system records, and so forth.4.1.13 Authorization, to perform work that must be per-formed during nighttime hours, on weekends, or on holidays.4.1.14 Traffc Control, by uniformed
28、 officers when thesafety of workers or the public requires such protection, or asmay be specified.4.1.15 The contractor shall certify that backup equipment isavailable and can be delivered to the site within 48 hours.4.1.16 Submit equipment utilization schedule to the ownersrepresentative for review
29、 and approval prior to commencementof the project.4.1.17 Submit equipment operating procedures and systemsto the owners representative for review and approval prior tocommencement of the project.5. Chemical Grouts (Chemical Sealing Materials)5.1 IntentThe intent of this section is to define theprope
30、rties that a chemical sealing material must have toperform effectively in the intended application and underexpected field conditions. The intended application is remotelysealing sewer lateral connections and a predetermined portionof the lateral from the connection to the mainline sewer with alater
31、al packer as specified in Section 12.5.1.1 Generic chemical sealing materials currently in useare listed in 5.3 with the basic properties, performancestandards, and mix ratios, which are known to give acceptableperformance.5.1.2 It is recognized that new and improved chemicalsealing materials will b
32、ecome available from time to time.Sources, manufacturers, and product names of chemical seal-ing materials will thus change, and therefore; specific sources,manufacturers, and product names are not given.5.1.3 In every case, mixing and handling of chemicalsealing materials shall be in accordance wit
33、h the manufactur-ers or suppliers, or both, recommendations.5.2 GeneralAll chemical-sealing materials used in theperformance of the work specified must have the followingcharacteristics:5.2.1 While being injected, the chemical sealant must beable to react/perform in the presence of water (groundwate
34、r).5.2.2 The cured material must withstand submergence inwater without degradation.5.2.3 The resultant chemical grout formation must preventthe passage of groundwater (infiltration) through the surround-ing soil ring, the sewer lateral connection, and the joints withinthe predetermined portion of th
35、e lateral from the lateralconnection to the mainline sewer.F2454 05 (2016)125.2.4 The sealant material, after curing, must be flexible asopposed to brittle.5.2.5 The cured sealant must not be biodegradable.5.2.6 The cured sealant should be chemically stable andresistant to the mild concentrations of
36、 acids, alkalis, andorganics found in normal sewage.5.2.7 Packaging of component materials must be compat-ible with field storage and handling requirements. Packagingmust provide for worker safety and proper clean up proceduresshould spillage occur.5.2.8 Measurement of the component materials being
37、mixedmust be compatible with field operations not requiring precisemeasurements of the ingredients by field personnel.5.2.9 Cleanup must be done without inordinate use offlammable or hazardous chemicals.5.2.10 Residual sealing materials must be easily removablefrom the sewer line to correct conditio
38、ns that affect the sewageflow.5.3 Chemical Sealing MaterialsThe following is a genericlisting of chemical sealing materials currently in use and thebasic requirements, properties, and characteristics of each:5.3.1 Acrylamide Base Gel:5.3.1.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylamide base material byweight in tot
39、al sealant mix. A higher concentration of acryl-amide base material may be used to increase strength or offsetdilution during injection.5.3.1.2 The ability to tolerate some dilution and react inmoving water during injection.5.3.1.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased wit
40、h additives.5.3.1.4 Maintains a constant viscosity during the reactionperiod.5.3.1.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.5.3.1.6 Areaction (curing), which produces a homogeneous,chemically stable, non-biodegradable, firm, flexible gel.5.3.1.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density,
41、 and gelstrength by the use of additives.5.3.2 Acrylic Base Gel:5.3.2.1 A minimum of 10 % acrylic base material by weightin the total sealant mix. A higher concentration of acrylic basematerial may be used to increase strength or offset dilutionduring injection.5.3.2.2 The ability to tolerate some d
42、ilution and react inmoving water during injection.5.3.2.3 A viscosity of approximately 2 centipoise, whichcan be increased with additives.5.3.2.4 A constant viscosity during the reaction period.5.3.2.5 A controllable reaction time from 10 s to 1 h.5.3.2.6 A reaction (curing), which produces a homoge
43、nous,chemically stable, non-biodegradable, flexible gel.5.3.2.7 The ability to increase mix viscosity, density and gelstrength by the use of additives.5.3.3 Urethane Base Gel:5.3.3.1 One part urethane prepolymer thoroughly mixedwith between 5 and 10 parts of water weight. The recom-mended mix ratio
44、is 1 part urethane prepolymer to 8 parts ofwater (11 % prepolymer). When high flow rates from leaks areencountered, the ratio of water being pumped may be lowered.5.3.3.2 A liquid prepolymer having a solids content of 75 to95 %, and a specific gravity of greater than 1.00.5.3.3.3 A liquid prepolymer
45、 having a viscosity of between100 and 1500 centipoise at 70F that can be pumped through500 ft of12-in. hose with a 1000-psi head at a flow rate of1ozs.5.3.3.4 The water used to react the prepolymer should haveapHof5to9.5.3.3.5 A cure time appropriate for the conditions encoun-tered.5.3.3.6 A relativ
46、ely rapid viscosity increase oftheprepolymer/water mix. Viscosity should increase rapidly inthe first minute for 1 to 8 prepolymer/water ratio at 50F.5.3.3.7 Areaction (curing) that produces a chemically stableand non-biodegradable, tough, flexible gel.5.3.3.8 The ability to increase mix viscosity,
47、density, gelstrength, and resistance and shrinkage by the use of additives.6. Optional Additives6.1 Additives enhance the performance of the chemicalsealing materials and can be used for specific applications.Owners Representative should consult with grout manufactur-ers to determine appropriate add
48、itives.7. Sewer Line Cleaning Procedures7.1 The intent of sewer line cleaning is to remove foreignmaterials from the lines to obtain proper seating of the packer.Refer to NASSCO Specification Guidelines.8. Sewer Flow Control8.1 When sewer line depth of flow at the upstream manholeof the section bein
49、g worked on is above the maximumallowable for televisioinspection, joint testing or sealing, orcombination thereof, the flow shall be reduced to the levelshown below by operation of pump stations, plugging, orblocking of the flow, or by pumping and bypassing of the flowas specified in Table 1.8.2 Depth of flow shall not exceed that shown in Table 2 forthe respective pipe sizes as measured in the manhole whenperforming television inspection, joint testing, or sealing, orcombination thereof.8.3 Plugging and BlockingWhen authorized by sewerowner/operator, a sewer
