1、Designation: F2461 161Standard Practice forManufacture, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance ofAquatic Play Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially corrected references to ASTM standards in January 2017.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers information for
3、 manufacture,construction, operations and maintenance of aquatic playequipment and provides safety performance standards forvarious types of public aquatic play components and aquaticplay composite structures.1.2 Inclusions:1.2.1 Climbable and climb-resistant aquatic playcomponents, composite aquati
4、c play structures, user controls,water sprays, fountains, and slides that occur on wet decks andwading, swimming or leisure pools. The play componentsspecified herein occur for use in aquatic play areas.1.2.2 Play equipment, fall zones, use zones for wet decks,wading pools, swimming pools and leisur
5、e pools.1.2.3 This standard is intended to apply to Aquatic PlayEquipment that is located in and around re- circulated andpotable water recreational facilities. Such facilities include butare not limited to amusement parks, theme parks, water parks,family entertainment centers, municipal swimming po
6、ols andmunicipal parks.1.2.4 Waterslides 6 ft in height or smaller.1.3 Exclusions:1.3.1 Playground equipment that does not have an entry oran exit onto or into a wet deck, wading pool, swimming poolor aquatic recreation pool.1.3.2 Home playground or home pool equipment or playequipment as scoped in
7、Consumer Safety Performance Speci-fication F1148 and ANSI/NSPI-5.1.3.3 Waterslides as scoped in Practice F2376.1.3.4 Flotation devices used on water slides or in swimmingpools.1.3.5 Swimming pools as specified by ANSI/NSPI-1 orANSI/IAF-9.1.3.6 Products or facility elements specifically designed topr
8、ovide access to and from pools for people with disabilities.1.3.7 Water rides such as log flumes, raft rides, inner tuberides, waterslides or other attractions where the participant sitsin a vehicle or is physically propelled or moved by or withwater.1.3.8 Sports equipment, fitness equipment, and di
9、vingequipment.1.4 Compliance:1.4.1 Where water is indirectly or directly added or appliedto Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487 playequipment, the equipment shall comply with this standard.Where a requirement for compliance to a section of theConsumer Safety Performance Specification F14
10、87 standard isrequired by this standard, the section number is preceded withthe standards designation.1.4.2 Soft contained play structures with aquatic play com-ponents shall comply with Safety Performance SpecificationF1918 except as modified by this standard.1.4.3 Aquatic play components and compo
11、site play struc-tures represented, as complying with this safety performancestandard shall meet all applicable requirements specifiedherein. Anyone representing compliance with this standardshall keep such essential records as are necessary to documentany claim that the requirements within this stan
12、dard have beenmet.1.5 This standard includes the following sections:Scope Section 1Referenced Documents Section 2Terminology Section 3Manufacturing and Materials Section 4Design Section 5Performance Requirements Section 6Operator Responsibilities Section 7Manufacturer/DesignerResponsibilitiesSection
13、 8Installer Responsibilities Section 91.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F24 on AmusementRides
14、 and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2016. Originallyapproved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as F2461 09. DOI:10.1520/F2461-16E01.Copyright ASTM Inte
15、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,
16、 Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1and are not considered standard. (The conversion factor frominch-pound to metric units is 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb =4.4482 N.)1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
17、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F770 Practice for Ownership, Oper
18、ation, Maintenance, andInspection of Amusement Rides and DevicesF853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for AmusementRides and Devices (Withdrawn 2014)3F1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification forHome Playground EquipmentF1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Constructionof Amusement R
19、ides and DevicesF1292 Specification for Impact Attenuation of SurfacingMaterials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Play-ground Equipment for Public UseF1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft ContainedPlay EquipmentF2291 Practice fo
20、r Design ofAmusement Rides and DevicesF2376 Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture,Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems2.2 ANSI Standards:4ICC/ANSI A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings andFacilitiesANSI A10.11 Personal and Debris NetsANSI/IAF-9 American National Standard fo
21、r Aquatic Rec-reation FacilitiesANSI/NSPI-1 American National Standard for PublicSwimming PoolsANSI/NSPI-5 American National Standard for ResidentialInground Swimming Pools2.3 Other Standards:NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)53. Terminology3.1 Reserved for future inclusions.4. Manufacturing and M
22、aterials4.1 Aquatic play components shall comply with ConsumerSafety Performance Specification F1487 Section 4 except asmodified by this standard.4.2 DurabilityAquatic play components and compositeplay systems shall be manufactured and constructed only ofmaterials that have a demonstrated durability
23、 in the aquaticplayground, swimming pool or similar setting.4.2.1 Any new materials shall have documented perfor-mance and material properties or tested accordingly for dura-bility by the equipment manufacturer.4.3 CompatibilityMaterials used in the manufacture ofaquatic play components shall not cr
24、eate an unsanitary or toxiccondition for users and the aquatic environment in which theyare installed.4.4 Materials:4.4.1 MetalsRefer to Consumer Safety PerformanceSpecification F1487, Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.4.4.2 PlasticsRefer to Consumer Safety PerformanceSpecification F1487, Section 4.1.1.4.4.3
25、 WoodRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Speci-fication F1487, Section 4.1.3.4.4.4 ConcreteConcrete footings and slabs shall complywith local jurisdiction or equal to the requirements of theInternational Building Code.4.4.5 FoamFoam materials used in aquatic play compo-nents shall be skinned or of
26、a closed cell type. Foam materialsthat are subject to ultraviolet (UV) degradation shall beprotected against ultraviolet light or include ultraviolet degra-dation inhibitors. Foam products shall not leach any chemicalsthat could affect water chemistry.4.4.6 Automotive or industrial tires are not per
27、mitted in theaquatic play environment.4.5 Components:4.5.1 NettingNetting material for structural purpose, sub-ject to UV degradation, shall be protected from U/V exposureor include U/V degradation inhibitors.4.5.2 Fasteners and CablesFasteners are required to com-ply with Practice F2291, Section 16
28、 and also Consumer SafetyPerformance Specification F1487 Section 4.2.1 to Section 4.2.2inclusive.4.5.2.1 Fasteners in aquatic play components when locatedon walking, stepping, sitting and sliding surfaces of aquaticplay components and wet decks shall be flush, and without anysharp or abrasive finish
29、.4.5.2.2 All fasteners used to construct Aquatic Play Equip-ment shall be maintained and consistent as specified by themanufacturer.4.5.2.3 All fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shallbe corrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion-resistantcoating.4.5.2.4 When installed in accordanc
30、e with the manufactur-ers specifications, fasteners, connecting, and covering devicesshall not loosen or be removable without the use of tools.4.5.2.5 Hardware in moving joints shall also be securedagainst unintentional loosening.4.5.2.6 Moving suspended elements shall be connected tothe fixed suppo
31、rt with bearings or bearing surfaces that serve toreduce friction or wear.4.5.2.7 Steel cable that is permanently affixed to a hangerassembly performs as a bearing surface. Cable ends shall be2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at ser
32、viceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floo
33、r, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.F2461 1612inaccessible or capped to prevent injury from frayed wires.Cables and steel-cored ropes should be protected to preventfraying
34、, loosening, unraveling, or excessive shifting of joints.4.5.3 Electrical ComponentsElectrical components thatrequire power to operate, should be installed with the materials,voltage and grounding requirements as required by localgoverning authorities and NFPA 70.4.5.4 Coatings shall comply with Con
35、sumer Safety Perfor-mance Specification F1487, Section 4.1.4.5.5 Replacement Parts for Aquatic Play Equipment shallbe:4.5.5.1 Procured from the original manufacturer of theaquatic play equipment, using the appropriate manufacturer-supplied identifying nomenclature; or4.5.5.2 Procured or produced to
36、meet or exceed the manu-facturers minimum specification.5. Design5.1 Load Calculations:5.1.1 Slide BedsRefer to Consumer Safety PerformanceSpecification F1487, Section 12.4.1.4.5.1.2 Loading Test CriteriaRefer to Consumer SafetyPerformance Specification F1487, Section 12.2.5.1.3 Components and Struc
37、tures Subjected to VerticalLoadsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF1487, Section 12.4 through Section 12.4.1.1 inclusive.5.1.4 Structures Containing Two or More LongitudinalComponentsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specifi-cation F1487, Section 12.4.1.2.5.1.5 Individual Surfaces
38、Refer to Consumer Safety Per-formance Specification F1487, Section 12.4.1.3.5.1.6 Components with Designated OccupancyRefer toConsumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section12.4.1.5.5.1.7 Components Subjected to Lateral LoadsRefer toConsumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section12
39、.5 through Section 12.5.2 inclusive.5.1.8 Alternative Testing for Structural IntegrityRefer toConsumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section12.6.5.2 Structural Design:5.2.1 Structural integrity tests shall be conducted by manu-facturers as per Practice F2291, Section 8.6 through 8.16inclus
40、ive.5.2.1.1 In multi-level, composite play structures providelateral sway brace loads of 24 lb per ft (350 N/m) parallel and10 lb per ft (145.9 N/m) perpendicular to the floor or platformlevel.5.2.1.2 Wind LoadFor structures with elevated platformswhere the height of the platform is larger than the
41、width ordepth of the elevated platform, the composite structure shall bedesigned to withstand 100 mph wind (3 s gust) for non-operational conditions. The calculation shall take into accountroofs, dump buckets, awnings, flags, banners, or any otherelement that may affect the wind load calculations.5.
42、2.1.3 Structural calculations shall consider the combina-tion of loads corresponding to foreseeable severe conditions.5.2.2 Platforms, Walking or Climbing SurfacesStructuralengineering of composite play structure platforms with 20 %slope or less shall be based upon a live load as per PracticeF2291,
43、Section 8.15 and occupancy of 3 ft2per person.5.2.3 Stairs, Guardrails, and Handrails:5.2.3.1 Guardrails shall be designed to comply with PracticeF2291 Section 14, with the exception that the maximumopening size shall reject a torso probe as specified in ConsumerSafety Performance Specification F148
44、7 Fig A1.2 (see Appen-dix X1).5.2.3.2 Stairs and handrails shall be designed to complywith Practice F2291 Section 14.5.2.4 Netting Reserved for future.5.2.5 For the purposes of calculations, the water load on anaquatic play component surfaces other than water slides shallbe designed to the amount of
45、 live load on an aquatic playcomponent or other surfaces of the composite play structure.Where used, Design/Engineers shall consider impact anddynamic loads such as water bucket dumps, and shall beincluded in the live loading design of structures, platforms androofs.5.2.6 Overhead play elements. Ove
46、rhead climbing elementsshall be designed to withstand a 200-lb (890 N) per lineal footlive load. Their mounting and connectors shall be designed toaccommodate the total live loading of the free spannedelement.5.3 Access and EgressAquatic play components shallcomply with Consumer Safety Performance S
47、pecificationF1487 Section 6 and 7 except as provided herein.5.3.1 Composite play structures utilizing multiple aquaticplay components are permitted in wet decks, wading pools andas a means of access to a pool when it conforms to therequirements of Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF1487 Secti
48、ons 9.7 and 9.8 and the requirements of thisstandard.5.3.2 Unenclosed level, stair or ramp entries are permitted.5.3.3 Unless otherwise specified herein, aquatic play com-ponents are permitted to be accessed to and from wet decks andfrom the perimeter of or from within wading pools, swimmingpools or
49、 leisure pools.5.3.4 All means of entry and egress shall be slip resistant.5.3.5 Access to and from composite play structures and softcontained play systems is permitted from pool decks, wetdecks and from inside the pool.5.4 Climb ResistanceThe following are climb-resistantunder this standard:5.4.1 Aquatic play components that lack a designated playsurface or handgrips, or both, within 84 in. of the ground ordeck.5.4.2 Equipment flush with the play surface. Protrusionsfrom play surfaces shall not exceed VA thickness and shallhave rounded, radiused, or
