1、Designation: F2461 161F2461 18Standard Practice forManufacture, Construction, Operation, and Maintenance ofAquatic Play Equipment1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2461; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorially corrected references to ASTM standards in January 2017.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers inform
3、ation for manufacture, construction, operations and maintenance of aquatic play equipment andprovides safety performance standards for various types of public aquatic play components and aquatic play composite structures.1.2 Inclusions:1.2.1 Climbable and climb-resistant aquatic play components, com
4、posite aquatic play structures, user controls, water sprays,fountains, and slides that occur on wet decks and wading, swimming or leisure pools. The play components specified herein occurfor use in aquatic play areas.1.2.2 Play equipment, fall zones, use zones for wet decks, wading pools, swimming p
5、ools and leisure pools.1.2.3 This standard is intended to apply toAquatic Play Equipment that is located in and around re- circulated and potable waterrecreational facilities. Such facilities include but are not limited to amusement parks, theme parks, water parks, familyentertainment centers, munic
6、ipal swimming pools and municipal parks.1.2.4 Waterslides 6 ft in height or smaller.1.3 Exclusions:1.3.1 Playground equipment that does not have an entry or an exit onto or into a wet deck, wading pool, swimming pool oraquatic recreation pool.1.3.2 Home playground or home pool equipment or play equi
7、pment as scoped in Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF1148 and ANSI/NSPI-5.1.3.3 Waterslides as scoped in Practice F2376.1.3.4 Flotation devices used on water slides or in swimming pools.1.3.5 Swimming pools as specified by ANSI/NSPI-1 or ANSI/IAF-9.1.3.6 Products or facility elements specifi
8、cally designed to provide access to and from pools for people with disabilities.1.3.7 Water rides such as log flumes, raft rides, inner tube rides, waterslides or other attractions where the participant sits in avehicle or is physically propelled or moved by or with water.1.3.8 Sports equipment, fit
9、ness equipment, and diving equipment.1.4 Compliance:1.4.1 Where water is indirectly or directly added or applied to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487 playequipment, the equipment shall comply with this standard. Where a requirement for compliance to a section of the ConsumerSafety Perf
10、ormance Specification F1487 standard is required by this standard, the section number is preceded with the standardsdesignation.1.4.2 Soft contained play structures with aquatic play components shall comply with Safety Performance Specification F1918except as modified by this standard.1.4.3 Aquatic
11、play components and composite play structures represented, as complying with this safety performance standardshall meet all applicable requirements specified herein. Anyone representing compliance with this standard shall keep suchessential records as are necessary to document any claim that the req
12、uirements within this standard have been met.1.5 This standard includes the following sections:1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F24 on Amusement Rides and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F24.70 on WaterRelated Amusement Rides and Devices.Current ed
13、ition approved Nov. 1, 2016May 1, 2018. Published December 2016May 2018. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092016 asF2461 09.F2461 161. DOI: 10.1520/F2461-16E01.10.1520/F2461-18.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM s
14、tandard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by
15、ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Scope Section 1Referenced Documents Section 2Terminology Section 3Manufacturing and Materials Section 4Design Section 5Performance Requirem
16、ents Section 6Operator Responsibilities Section 7Manufacturer/DesignerResponsibilitiesSection 8Installer Responsibilities Section 91.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for i
17、nformation only and are not considered standard. (The conversion factor frominch-pound to metric units is 1 in. = 25.4 mm, and 1 lb = 4.4482 N.)1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this stand
18、ard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Deci
19、sion on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2F770 Practice for Ownership, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Amusement
20、Rides and DevicesF853 Practice for Maintenance Procedures for Amusement Rides and Devices (Withdrawn 2014)3F1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground EquipmentF1193 Practice for Quality, Manufacture, and Construction of Amusement Rides and DevicesF1292 Specification for Impa
21、ct Attenuation of Surfacing Materials Within the Use Zone of Playground EquipmentF1487 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public UseF1918 Safety Performance Specification for Soft Contained Play EquipmentF2291 Practice for Design of Amusement Rides and DevicesF237
22、6 Practice for Classification, Design, Manufacture, Construction, and Operation of Water Slide Systems2.2 ANSI Standards:4ICC/ANSI A117.1 Accessible and Usable Buildings and FacilitiesANSI A10.11 Personal and Debris NetsANSI/IAF-9 American National Standard for Aquatic Recreation FacilitiesANSI/NSPI
23、-1 American National Standard for Public Swimming PoolsANSI/NSPI-5 American National Standard for Residential Inground Swimming Pools2.3 Other Standards:NFPA 70 National Electric Code (NEC)5OSHA Subpart D 1910.28 Duty to have fall protection and falling object protection63. Terminology3.1 Reserved f
24、or future inclusions.4. Manufacturing and Materials4.1 Aquatic play components shall comply with Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487 Section 4 except asmodified by this standard.4.2 DurabilityAquatic play components and composite play systems shall be manufactured and constructed only of
25、 materialsthat have a demonstrated durability in the aquatic playground, swimming pool or similar setting.4.2.1 Any new materials shall have documented performance and material properties or tested accordingly for durability by theequipment manufacturer.4.3 CompatibilityMaterials used in the manufac
26、ture of aquatic play components shall not create an unsanitary or toxiccondition for users and the aquatic environment in which they are installed.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standard
27、svolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org
28、.5 Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.6 Available from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210, http:/www.osha.gov.F2461 1824.4 Materials:4.4.1 Metals
29、Refer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Sections 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.4.4.2 PlasticsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 4.1.1.4.4.3 WoodRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 4.1.3.4.4.4 ConcreteConcrete footings and slabs shall c
30、omply with local jurisdiction or equal to the requirements of theInternational Building Code.4.4.5 FoamFoam materials used in aquatic play components shall be skinned or of a closed cell type. Foam materials that aresubject to ultraviolet (UV) degradation shall be protected against ultraviolet light
31、 or include ultraviolet degradation inhibitors.Foam products shall not leach any chemicals that could affect water chemistry.4.4.6 Automotive or industrial tires are not permitted in the aquatic play environment.4.5 Components:4.5.1 NettingNetting material for structural purpose, subject to UV degra
32、dation, shall be protected from U/V exposure orinclude U/V degradation inhibitors.4.5.2 Fasteners and CablesFasteners are required to comply with Practice F2291, Section 16 and also Consumer SafetyPerformance Specification F1487 Section 4.2.1 to Section 4.2.2 inclusive.4.5.2.1 Fasteners in aquatic p
33、lay components when located on walking, stepping, sitting and sliding surfaces of aquatic playcomponents and wet decks shall be flush, and without any sharp or abrasive finish.4.5.2.2 All fasteners used to construct Aquatic Play Equipment shall be maintained and consistent as specified by themanufac
34、turer.4.5.2.3 All fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shall be corrosion resistant or be provided with a corrosion-resistantcoating.4.5.2.4 When installed in accordance with the manufacturers specifications, fasteners, connecting, and covering devices shallnot loosen or be removable without
35、the use of tools.4.5.2.5 Hardware in moving joints shall also be secured against unintentional loosening.4.5.2.6 Moving suspended elements shall be connected to the fixed support with bearings or bearing surfaces that serve toreduce friction or wear.4.5.2.7 Steel cable that is permanently affixed to
36、 a hanger assembly performs as a bearing surface. Cable ends shall beinaccessible or capped to prevent injury from frayed wires. Cables and steel-cored ropes should be protected to prevent fraying,loosening, unraveling, or excessive shifting of joints.4.5.3 Electrical ComponentsElectrical components
37、 that require power to operate, should be installed with the materials,voltage and grounding requirements as required by local governing authorities and NFPA 70.4.5.4 Coatings shall comply with Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 4.1.4.5.5 Replacement Parts for Aquatic Play Equi
38、pment shall be:4.5.5.1 Procured from the original manufacturer of the aquatic play equipment, using the appropriate manufacturer-suppliedidentifying nomenclature; or4.5.5.2 Procured or produced to meet or exceed the manufacturers minimum specification.5. Design5.1 Load Calculations:5.1.1 Slide BedsR
39、efer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 12.4.1.4.5.1.2 Loading Test CriteriaRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 12.2.5.1.3 Components and Structures Subjected to Vertical LoadsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487,Section 12.4
40、 through Section 12.4.1.1 inclusive.5.1.4 Structures Containing Two or More Longitudinal ComponentsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance SpecificationF1487, Section 12.4.1.2.5.1.5 Individual SurfacesRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 12.4.1.3.5.1.6 Components with Desig
41、nated OccupancyRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 12.4.1.5.5.1.7 Components Subjected to Lateral LoadsRefer to Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 12.5through Section 12.5.2 inclusive.5.1.8 Alternative Testing for Structural IntegrityRefer to Consu
42、mer Safety Performance Specification F1487, Section 12.6.5.2 Structural Design:5.2.1 Structural integrity tests shall be conducted by manufacturers as per Practice F2291, Section 8.6 through 8.16 inclusive.5.2.1.1 In multi-level, composite play structures provide lateral sway brace loads of 24 lb pe
43、r ft (350 N/m) parallel and 10 lbper ft (145.9 N/m) perpendicular to the floor or platform level.5.2.1.2 Wind LoadFor structures with elevated platforms where the height of the platform is larger than the width or depthof the elevated platform, the composite structure shall be designed to withstand
44、100 mph wind (3 s gust) for non-operationalconditions. The calculation shall take into account roofs, dump buckets, awnings, flags, banners, or any other element that mayaffect the wind load calculations.F2461 1835.2.1.3 Structural calculations shall consider the combination of loads corresponding t
45、o foreseeable severe conditions.5.2.2 Platforms, Walking or Climbing SurfacesStructural engineering of composite play structure platforms with 20 % slopeor less shall be based upon a live load as per Practice F2291, Section 8.15 and occupancy of 3 ft2 per person.5.2.3 Stairs, Guardrails, and Handrai
46、ls:5.2.3.1 Guardrails shall be designed to comply with Practice F2291 Section 14, with the exception that the maximum openingsize shall reject a torso probe as specified in Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487 Fig A1.2 (see Appendix X1X2).5.2.3.2 Stairs and handrails shall be designed to
47、comply with Practice F2291 Section 14.5.2.4 Netting Reserved for future.5.2.5 For the purposes of calculations, the water load on an aquatic play component surfaces other than water slides shall bedesigned to the amount of live load on an aquatic play component or other surfaces of the composite pla
48、y structure. Where used,Design/Engineers shall consider impact and dynamic loads such as water bucket dumps, and shall be included in the live loadingdesign of structures, platforms and roofs.5.2.6 Overhead play elements. Overhead climbing elements shall be designed to withstand a 200-lb (890 N) per
49、 lineal foot liveload. Their mounting and connectors shall be designed to accommodate the total live loading of the free spanned element.5.3 Access and EgressAquatic play components shall comply with Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487Section 6 and 7 except as provided herein.5.3.1 Composite play structures utilizing multiple aquatic play components are permitted in wet decks, wading pools and as ameans of access to a pool when it conforms to the requirements of Consumer Safety Performance Specification F1487 Sections9.7 and 9.8 and t
