1、Designation: F2548 12 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forExpanded Metal Fence Systems for Security Purposes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers selection and installation ofexpanded metal fence systems for applications on new orretr
3、ofit fences for commercial, industrial, governmental orinstitutional facilities as applicable to homeland security, orwhere the possibility of malevolent incursion is significant. SeeFig. 1 for typical examples of expanded metal fence applica-tions. This type of fence system is not recommended forre
4、sidential or public recreational facilities such as pools,schools, and kindergartens.1.2 This specification is intended to guide those responsiblefor or concerned with the design and installation of anexpanded metal fence system capable of denying or delayingunwanted access into or out of an area.1.
5、3 No recommendation is made or implied here as to themerits of the product from any particular manufacturer. Choiceof component selection for the expanded metal system shouldbe made by the writer of the project specification based on theirown perception of the products merit and the consequence ofa
6、malevolent incursion.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. Any values given in parentheses are for informa-tion only.1.5 This specification does not purport to address all of thesafety and security concerns, if any, associated with homelandsecurity. It is the respo
7、nsibility of the user of this standard toestablish the required and appropriate level of security.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International
8、Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts, Stud
9、s, andThreaded Rod 60 000 PSI Tensile StrengthB117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusF934 Specification for Standard Colors for Polymer-CoatedChain Link Fence MaterialsF1043 Specification for Strength and Protective Coatings onSteel Industrial Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pi
10、pe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1267 Specification for Metal, Expanded, Steel2.2 American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE):3ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standar
11、d:3.1.1 expanded metal fence systemcombines expandedmetal panels and structural framework posts and rails, ifrequired with accessories and fasteners, assembled and evalu-ated as a complete system. Fig. 1 shows typical applications.3.1.2 expanded metal panelelement used as filler for thefence system.
12、 The following terms are used to further definecharacteristics of the expanded metal panels (see Fig. 2 andFig. 3).3.1.3 fittingany type of formed metal with the intent ofsecuring mesh filler to a framework.3.1.4 flattened expanded metal (F)expanded metal whichhas been cold rolled leaving a flat, sm
13、ooth surface.3.1.5 LWDlong way of diamond, nominal dimension (seeFig. 2).3.1.6 regular (raised) expanded metal (R) expanded metalas it comes from the press after being simultaneously slit and1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fencesand is the direct responsibility
14、 of Subcommittee F14.35 on Architectural MetalFence Systems.Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originallyapproved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F254812. DOI:10.1520/F2548-12R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcon
15、tact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 1801 AlexanderBell Dr., Reston, VA 20191, http:/www.asce.org.Copyright ASTM
16、International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standa
17、rds, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1stretched having the strands and bonds form a uniform angle tothe original plane of the solid sheet from which it was formedcreating an open mesh diamond making one continuous paneltha
18、t cannot unravel.3.1.7 SWDshort way of diamond, nominal dimension (seeFig. 2).3.1.8 strand thicknessthickness of base metal.3.1.9 strand widthamount of material fed under the die toproduce one strand.4. Classification4.1 Expanded metal used on fences for security applicationsshall meet the material
19、requirements of Specification F1267.Expanded metal referenced in this specification is classified bytypes and classes as follows:4.2 Type4.2.1 Type 1Expanded (see Fig. 2 Type 1)4.2.2 Type 2Expanded and flattened (see Fig. 2 Type 2)NOTE 1While it is not the intent of this specification to limit these
20、lection of expanded metal “Type” to a specific fence application,historical practice is a relevant factor to consider during the selectionprocess. Construction of new expanded metal fence systems and retrofit ofchain link fences historically involved the use of Type 1 expanded metalpanels; retrofit
21、of ornamental picket fences historically involved the use ofType 2 expanded metal panels.4.3 Class4.3.1 Class 1Uncoated4.3.2 Class 2Hot-dip zinc coated (galvanized)4.3.3 Class 3Corrosion-resisting steel5. Ordering/Specifying Information5.1 When ordering or specifying expanded metal fencesystems for
22、security applications, the appropriate mesh type,mesh description, fence height, post size, post spacing, allow-able mesh to framework attachment methods, and finish shouldall be defined to ensure that expanded metal panels and allassociated system components will work compatibly in thetotal system
23、installation.6. Materials6.1 Expanded Metal PanelsFIG. 1 Expanded Metal Fencing ApplicationsFIG. 2 Diamond DescriptionRegular and FlattenedFIG. 3 Mesh DescriptionStandard and Reversed DiamondF2548 12 (2018)26.1.1 Panels shall be manufactured in accordance with therequirements and within the allowabl
24、e tolerances of Specifica-tion F1267. Table 1 and Fig. 4 show selection options ofexpanded metal panels for use in security applications.6.2 Acceptable panel types shall conform to these minimumrequirements.6.2.1 The minimum allowable weight per square foot forany expanded metal panel specified or u
25、sed in security fencesystem applications shall not be less than nominal 1.47 lbs persquare foot prior to galvanizing or color coating.6.2.2 No expanded metal specified or used for above-ground security purposes shall have an opening larger thanthree square inches.6.3 The overall width and height of
26、expanded metal panelscan be as large as 8 ft by 12 ft. Other factors such as panelweight, transportation, galvanizing and color coating maydictate a more practical panel size. Expanded metal securitybarrier systems vary as do production limitations.6.4 Finish6.4.1 If galvanized mesh is selected, the
27、 panels shall becompletely and uniformly zinc coated by the hot-dip process inaccordance with Specification A123/A123M, after expanding,shearing, and deburring, shall be free from excessive accumu-lations of zinc in the apexes of diamond openings, and freefrom bare spots.6.4.2 If color coated mesh i
28、s required, specify type ofcoating, color, and thickness of finish. Specification F934 isnoted as a guideline for color selection, though color coatingshall not be limited to the listed colors. The coating shall showno effect after 1000 h of salt spray exposure in accordance withPractice B117.6.5 Fr
29、amework6.5.1 Posts and horizontal rails, (round or shapes), shall beselected to meet the size and strength requirements fromSpecifications F1043 or F1083, as applicable. If color coated,specify type of coating, color, and thickness of finish.6.5.2 Fences used for security shall be a minimum of 8 ft
30、inheight.6.5.3 Fences less than 10 ft in height shall have a top andbottom rail; middle rail is optional. Fences 10 ft and highershall have additional rail(s) equally spaced in accordance withmanufacturers recommendation. Instead of a bottom rail,panels may be imbedded in concrete.6.6 Fittings6.6.1
31、The nuts and threaded portions of fasteners used tosecure expanded metal panels to the framework must either beinaccessible from the attack side of the fence structure with thethreads peened, or, if exposed, must be tamper-proof, peened,or welded to prevent removal. Fasteners and fittings shall be o
32、fsufficient size, strength and design to prevent removal of thefabric.6.6.2 Fittings used in securing mesh panels to the frame-work shall have a strength that closely approximates the loadstrength of the specified threaded fastener (see SpecificationA307).6.6.3 Welding galvanized or color coated mes
33、h to frame-work is not recommended since it will compromise the finish.6.7 Gates6.7.1 Gate frames shall be of a welded construction andfabricated to allow for the weight of the expanded metal filler.See 7.2.6.8 Anti-Climb Panels (see Fig. 1).6.8.1 Anti-climb panels may be used as an addition to thes
34、ecurity fence structure, extending above the vertical portion ofthe fence to prevent circumvention by climbing.6.8.2 The length and overall shape of the anti-climb panelshall vary as required by user. Framework size, (O.D.), mayneed to be increased to accommodate the additional weight ofthis panel.
35、Panels must join on extension posts.6.9 Below Grade Tunneling Prevention (see Fig. 1).6.9.1 Tunneling barrier panels are a below grade barrierintended to prevent tunneling and shall be installed to aspecified depth and installed to the vertical fence using thespecified systems attachment method. A s
36、pace no more than12 in. between the end of the panel and the post shall bepermitted.6.9.2 Tunneling barrier mesh panel selection and installa-tion shall follow the manufacturers recommendation.7. Recommendations, Cautions, and Methods7.1 Refer to the manufacturers guidelines for installationinstruct
37、ions. Security, location, terrain, and other design pa-rameters must also be factored into proper installation tech-niques and fittings usage.7.2 Caution Regarding Wind LoadsFramework selectionmust meet local building codes and wind load requirements.Due to the nature of this product, in general, ha
38、ving more steelper square foot than many other types of fencing, it is advisableTABLE 1 Panel DescriptionDescriptionPanels Used in Security Fence Applications12 in.13R12 in.13R (.188)34 in.9R34 in.9F 1 in.7R (.240) 112 in. 6RWidth of Panel (ft) 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6 3 5 3 5Height of Panel (ft 6 12 6 12 6
39、12 6 12 6 12 6 12Diamond Dimensions (in.) SWD by LWD 0.500 by 1.20 0.500 by 1.20 0.923 by 2.00 0.923 by 2.10 1.00 by 2.40 1.330 by 3.00Percent Open Area 57 % 25 % 68 % 63 % 52 % 63 %Strand thickness (in.) 0.092 0.09 0.134 0.120 0.170 0.198Strand Width (in.) 0.096 0.188 0.150 0.164 0.240 0.203Weight
40、per ft21.47 2.82 1.80 1.71 3.50 2.50Weight galvanized per ft21.73 3.1 1.95 1.86 3.70 2.73F2548 12 (2018)3FIG. 4 Panels commonly used in expanded metal security barriers. Other panels may be used provided the opening sizes and weightper square foot meet the specific security requirements noted in 6.2
41、.F2548 12 (2018)4to select framework capable of supporting acceptable windload. Reducing the space between posts may also be required.If wind screens are to be installed at time of erection or at alater time, the additional resistance to wind must be consideredat the time of selecting framework and
42、post spacing. Increasingthe height of the barrier by adding any additional type offormed top panel to deter climbing as well as snow or icingconditions must also be considered in determining the pre-scribed framework. For additional information, see ASCE/SEI7-05 (Manufacturer shall demonstrate frame
43、work design forwind load criteria for the selection of line posts and line postspacing.).7.3 Positioning Expanded Metal Panels7.3.1 When expanded metal is installed continuously on theattack side of the fence, it shall be firmly affixed in such amanner that the attack side of the post and rails is o
44、n the sameplane (to enable secure attachment of the expanded metalpanels to the framework). The LWD, long way of diamond,may be installed either vertically or horizontally.7.3.2 When installed between posts, expanded metal panelsshall be securely fastened to both vertical and horizontalframework mem
45、bers. The overlap of adjacent panels shall besecurely attached using the specified systems attachmentmethod.7.3.3 Panels shall have no more than a 1-in. space betweenthe bottom of the mesh and grade. Backfilling should beperformed where appropriate.7.4 Line post spacing shall be set to allow panels
46、to join online posts where possible. Any panels joining between postsshall overlap a minimum of three diamonds, (or a minimum of3 in. depending upon diamond size), except to allow for slightvariations in terrain. Panels shall (at a minimum) also overlapthe outside edge of each terminal post as not t
47、o permit anyspace to compromise the barrier.7.5 When connecting panels to line and terminal posts,connection points shall not exceed 18 in. When connectingpanels to horizontal rails, connection points shall not exceed 18in.7.6 Exposed edges of cut expanded metal panels are verysharp and should be av
48、oided. Overlapping panels more than thestated minimum above, 7.4 is the normal practice and isacceptable.8. Keywords8.1 expanded metal fences; fence; fences; metal fencing;security fencing; specifications; steel fencingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
49、 asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsa
