1、Designation: F 2780 09Standard Guide forDesign and Construction of Expanded Metal SecurityFences and Barriers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2780; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of l
2、ast revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides assistance for the site securitydesigner to select the proper components required to design asite s
3、pecific expanded metal physical security perimeter bar-rier.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thephysical protection security concerns, if any, associated with itsuse. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard toestablish the appropriate design for the level of physica
4、lprotection required and determine the applicability of regula-tory requirements or limitations prior to use.1.3 It is recommended that Specification F2548 to be usedin conjunction with this guide.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM
5、 Standards:2A121 Specification for Metallic-Coated Carbon SteelBarbed WireA123/A123M Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized)Coatings on Iron and Steel ProductsA307 Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60000 PSI Tensile StrengthF626 Specification for Fence FittingsF1043 Specification f
6、or Strength and Protective Coatingson Steel Industrial Chain Link Fence FrameworkF1083 Specification for Pipe, Steel, Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Welded, for Fence StructuresF1910 Specification for Long Barbed Tape ObstaclesF2200 Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Con-structionF2548
7、Specification for Expanded Metal Fence Systems forSecurity PurposesF2656 Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of PerimeterBarriers2.2 US Dept. of Defense:UFC 4-010-01 United Facilities Criteria, DoD MinimumAntiterrorism Standards for BuildingsUFC 4-020-01 United Facilities Criteria, DoD SecurityEng
8、ineering Facilities Planning Manual2.3 US Dept. of State:SD-STD-02.01 Revision A, March 2003 Test Method forVehicle Crash Gate Testing of Perimeter Barriers andGates2.4 General Services Administration:The Site Security Design Guide, U.S. General ServicesAdministration (GSA)2.5 American Society of Ci
9、vil Engineers (ASCE):ASCE/SEI 7-05 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings andOther Structures (Manufacturer shall demonstrate frame-work design for wind load criteria for the selection of lineposts and line post spacing)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 access contro
10、lfor the purposes of these standards,any combination of barriers, gates, electronic security equip-ment, or guards, or a combination thereof, that can deny entryto unauthorized personnel or vehicles.3.1.2 active barrierabarrier that requires manual or mo-torized action to operate. Action barriers ma
11、y be command orsensor activated to prevent or impede unauthorized passage.3.1.3 anti-ram vehicle barriera device or barrier thatprevents vehicle access to provide pedestrian protection and/orbuilding security. Anti-Ram vehicle barriers may be eitheractive or passive barriers. A rated anti-ram barrie
12、r is aDepartment of State-approved perimeter barrier that does notexceed the defined penetration level for a 15,000-lb gross1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F14 on Fences and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee F14.50 on High Security Fences andPerimeter Barriers.Curre
13、nt edition approved Oct. 15, 2009. Published October 2009.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Co
14、pyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.weight vehicle traveling perpendicular to the barrier at nominalspeeds of 50, 40, or 30 mph. Reference Test Method F2656 forperformance criteria.3.1.4 assettangible or intangible items, pe
15、rsonnel, oroutdoor gatherings, (in whole or in part), which may be subjectto manmade or natural hazards.3.1.5 barrieran object used to separate or impede themovement of a vehicle or pedestrian.3.1.6 design basis tacticsidentify the specific acts andmethods that the building and sites countermeasures
16、 mustprotect against and form the basis for the site security design.(U.S. General Services Administration)3.1.7 design criteriadefines the design direction thatemerges, based on inputs from the risk assessment, consider-ation of the design basis tactics, and the required level ofprotection. (U.S. G
17、eneral Services Administration)3.1.8 level of protectionthe degree to which an asset (forexample, a person, a piece of equipment, or an object, etc.) isprotected against injury or damage from an attack.3.1.9 passive vehicle barrierstationary barriers creatingperimeter or edge protection, such as fix
18、ed bollards, concretewalls, concrete jersey barriers, concrete planters, boulders,excavations and ditches, vehicle restraint cable systems, kingtut blocks, bastion barriers, bin barriers, reinforced masonrywalls, berms, ponds/basins, existing trees, intrusion detectiondevices, and reinforced streets
19、cape elements sculpture etc.Passive vehicle barriers have no moving parts. A passivevehicle barrier system consists of a permanent or portablestructure positioned to slow, delay or deny access to a protectedsite or restricted area.3.1.10 perimeter barriera fence, gate, bollard, wall,fence, planter,
20、other structure, or natural topographic featurethat provides protection against a vehicle gaining access to acompound or facility.3.1.11 physical securitythe part of security concernedwith physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; toprevent unauthorized access to equipment, installations, m
21、ate-rial, and documents; and to safeguard against espionage,sabotage, damage and theft. (U.S. Army)3.1.12 portable barriera passive or active barrier de-signed to be removed and relocated as required. Includes anymovable object that can be moved in place to stop themovement of vehicles and/or people
22、.3.1.13 risk acceptancethe degree of risk associated withan asset or endeavor that a decision-maker perceives and willaccept under a given set of circumstances and with associatedcosts.3.1.14 standoffthe area between a protected structure andthe perimeter protecting the asset against potential attac
23、ks.Sometimes referred to as setback. Distance from the insideedge of a barrier to the nearest surface of the building beingprotected.4. Summary of Guide4.1 It is the responsibility of the design team to consider thedesign criteria, understand the design basis tactics, and levelsof protection that sh
24、aped them, and provide effective andbalanced design solutions that respond to the threat.4.2 Concerns for security throughout the design process willidentify the need for appropriate levels of protection around thesite perimeter, site access, required standoff distances, parking,and other specific a
25、ssets. All of these areas may require someform of physical security to equally balance the level ofsecurity with an acceptable risk.4.3 Perimeter barriers are used to define the limits of aperimeter, standoff, activity, or area, to define ingress andegress points, to form a psychological deterrent,
26、and toestablish an acceptable level of protection. They delay unau-thorized individuals to facilitate their apprehension by responseforces, direct traffic along designated routes of travel forenhanced surveillance and control, and can preclude visualcompromise by unauthorized individuals.5. Design C
27、riteria for Perimeter Fences and Barriers5.1 Cost EffectivenessBudgetary allotments for securityplans should be set after the performance requirements forfences and barriers have been determined.5.2 Determine the threat and risk acceptance. This standardguide should be used in conjunction with site-
28、specific riskassessments as necessary to attain an appropriate level ofprotection from natural and or manmade hazards.5.3 Determine the level of security for the fence systemrequired based on acceptable risk. Part of this determinationwould be the height of the fence. Fences used for the purposeof s
29、ecurity shall be a minimum of 8-ft high.5.4 Determine the function for the fence or barrier based onthe application icons listed in Fig. 1.5.4.1 Expanded metal barriers may take different forms andprovide perimeter security and access control to protect assets.Expanded metal fencing can be mounted o
30、n moveable K Ratedconcrete highway barriers creating active barriers that are alsoportable barriers to meet changing or evolving levels ofsecurity. Reference Fig. 2.FIG. 1 ApplicationsF27800926. Materials and Sizes6.1 Expanded Metal Mesh Panels:6.1.1 Select the expanded mesh panel material from Tabl
31、e 1and Fig. 3. The panel descriptions listed in Fig. 3 arecommonly used with expanded metal fence systems used insecurity applications. Other patterns offering different sizes andshapes may be used as long as the mesh panel dimensions meetSpecification F2548.6.1.2 After selecting expanded metal mesh
32、 panels choosethe type of coating:6.1.2.1 Hot dip galvanized in accordance with SpecificationA123/A123M.6.2 Fence Framework:6.2.1 Terminal and Line Posts Determine the size andstrength of the fence framework. When designing a fence as aformidable structure intended to deny, deter and delay accessthe
33、 heightened level of security generally results in an increasein the height of the fence and or a reduction in the size of theopenings of the mesh. Both of these factors will result in addedwind load resistance. Line post selection and the spacing of theposts should be designed to meet the anticipat
34、ed wind loadsbased on the site geographical location and weather conditions.Increased post sizes or specific post spacing may be required tocompensate for wind loading or increased security. Determinethe wind load requirements for a minimum 90 mph up to 150mph wind. For basic recommendations refer t
35、oASCE/SEI 7-05or consult the fence system manufacturer. After calculating thepost spacing and post dimensions select the post specificationand protective coating from Specification F1043, Table 3,Heavy Industrial Fence Framework or Specification F1083.6.2.2 Gate posts shall be specified by the expan
36、ded metalfence manufacturer. Reference 6.6.6.3 Rails top, bottom, and intermediate rail(s) when speci-fied shall be in accordance with Specification F1043, Table 3,Heavy Industrial Fence Framework or Specification F1083.6.3.1 Top rail should be installed 8 in. below the top of theexpanded metal mesh
37、 panel and the bottom rail should beinstalled 8 in. above the bottom of the mesh panel.6.3.2 Constructed of an expanded metal fence greater than10 ft in height requires an intermediate rail.6.3.3 The intermediate rail shall be installed at a midpointbetween the top and bottom rails. When two panels
38、are stackedto reach a required height the upper panel shall overlap thelower panel and be secured to a rail.6.4 FittingsFittings are to be in accordance with Specifi-cation F626. All fittings shall be steel having a hot dippedgalvanized coating with a minimum 1.20 oz/ft2of zinc coatingof the surface
39、 area.6.4.1 When an expanded metal mesh fence is supported bya chain link type framework, (vertical posts and horizontalrails) post caps, barb arms, offset line rail clamps may berequired and shall be manufactured using pressed steel inaccordance with Specification F626.6.4.2 Consideration should be
40、 given to the overall strengthof the fittings used in a security fence system. There is a directrelationship between the strength of material connectors andFIG. 2 Expanded Metal on Concrete BarriersPortable BarriersTABLE 1 Panel DescriptionDescription Panels Used in Security Fence Applications12-in.
41、13R12-in.13R (0.188)34-in.9R34-in.9F 1 in.7R (0.240) 112-in.6RWidth of Panel (ft) 36 36 36 36 35 35Height of Panel (ft) 612 612 612 612 612 612Diamond Dimensions (in.) SWD by LWD 0.500 by 1.20 0.500 by 1.20 0.923 by 2.00 0.923 by 2.10 1.00 by 2.40 1.330 by 3.00Percent Open Area 57 % 25 % 68 % 63 % 5
42、2 % 63 %Strand Thickness (in.) 0.092 0.09 0.134 0.120 0.170 0.198Strand Width (in.) 0.096 0.188 0.150 0.164 0.240 0.203Weight per ft21.47 2.82 1.80 1.71 3.50 2.50Weight galvanized per ft21.73 3.1 1.95 1.86 3.70 2.73F2780093the level of security provided by the design of the fencesystem. For expanded
43、 metal security fences and barriersfittings securing the mesh to the framework shall be a mini-mum of 10GA steel and having a width of 1 in. Wire ties asused with chain link fencing are not acceptable for expandedmetal security fencing applications.6.4.3 Barbed wire arms are available in various con
44、figura-tions to accommodate three to six strands of barbed wire, selectthe design to meet the security requirement.6.4.4 Barbed wire when specified select design number12-4-3-14R having 4-point barbs spaced 3 in. on center or12-4-5-14R having 4-point barbs spaced 5 in. on center inaccordance with Sp
45、ecification A121.6.4.5 Barbed tape when specified, select the diameter, de-sign and configuration in accordance with Specification F1910.6.5 Threaded Fasteners:6.5.1 All bolts securing fabric to framework or rails to posts,when applicable, shall be carriage bolts. All nuts and bolts,including those
46、used on gates, hinges, latches, barbed arms,fittings, shall be installed having the nuts located on the insideof the secured area, and peened or welded to prevent easyremoval. Reference Specification A307 to further understandthe strength of the fasteners used in different expanded metalfence system
47、s and the varying levels of security they mayprovide.6.6 Gates should be constructed with special attention to theadded weight of expanded metal. When specifying swinggates, cantilever gates and or overhead slide gates contact theexpanded metal fence manufacturer for assistance.6.7 Post Setting:6.7.
48、1 Set posts in concrete in holes of a diameter and depthas follows. Intended use, local conditions and codes shalldetermine post footing dimensions; that is, under normalconditions the diameter shall be four times the largest crosssection of the post. The depth shall be a minimum of 24 in. plusan ad
49、ditional 3 in. for each 1-ft increase in the fence heightover 4 ft.6.7.2 Dig or drill holes in the line of the fence in accordancewith 5.1. Forms are not necessary.6.7.3 Set posts in a vertical position, plumb and in line.Backfill concrete (2500 psi minimum) into the excavation andextend 2 in. above grade. An alternative method is to stopfooting 2 in. below grade to allow for cover with sod, blacktop, or other materials. Crown the concrete at the top to shedwater and extend the concrete encasement a minimum of 2 in.below the bottom of the post.
