1、Designation: F2821 10Standard Test Methods forBasket Type Rescue Litters1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2821; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses
2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods will enable the user to determine ifa rescue litter meets their requirement for strength dependingupon their particular applications and m
3、ethods of use.1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designedto test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for
4、 informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
5、regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 basket type litter, na conveyance for the sick orinjured usually consisting of a tubular metal frame enclosing amolded plastic or wire shell. Also known as a basket stretcher.2.1.2 litter bridl
6、e, na manufactured or improvised systemthat attaches the litter to the raising or lowering system.2.1.3 horizontal lift, nrefers to the patient being in ahorizontal position with the head and feet at approximately thesame level. In this configuration the litter bridle attaches to thelitter at four p
7、oints.2.1.4 anchor plate, na device installed inside the litterthat is used to attach the litter to the bed of the test apparatus.It must be of sufficient size and stiffness to distribute the forceson the litter shell or frame, thereby allowing the test of theattachment points.2.1.5 vertical lift, n
8、refers to the patient being in a head upand feet down position. In this configuration the litter bridleattaches to the litter at the head end only.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Horizontal test method is designed to test the litterattachment points and the resistance of the litter to folding orcurling
9、.3.2 Vertical test method is designed to test the structuralstrength of the head end of the litter or the manufacturersdesignated bridle attachment points or both, and for a two-piece litter, to also test the connection between the two sectionsof the litter.3.3 These tests are destructive in nature
10、and will require anew litter for each test.4. Significance and Use4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducibledata from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifi-cations can be developed for basket type rescue litters.5. Apparatus5.1 GeneralUse calibrated electronic load mea
11、suring de-vices. The testing equipment shall have sufficient capacity toprevent yielding of its components under the anticipatedultimate load, and shall have sufficient stiffness to ensure thatthe applied tension loads remain parallel to the axis of theanchors.5.2 Anchor Plate(if used) Shall be inst
12、alled in the litter insuch a way that the force distributes equally and does notconcentrate on a single element. The purpose is to test theattachment points of the litter bridle, the connection points thathold the halves of two-piece litter together, and the littersability to resist folding or bendi
13、ng both longitudinally andlaterally. The anchor plate size must be kept to a minimum sothat it does not provide any increased resistance to the litterbending during a test. In cases where the litter does not have aframe, the plate shall span any ribs or other structural elementswithin the shell in o
14、rder that the forces are distributed over awide enough area that unintentional damage does not occur.5.3 Sample OrientationThe litter subject to test can beloaded either horizontally or vertically depending upon the testapparatus being used.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Comm
15、ittee F32 onSearch and Rescue and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.01 onEquipment, Testing, and Maintenance.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. DOI: 10.1520/F2821-10.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428
16、-2959, United States.6. Hazards6.1 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applicabil-ity of regulatory limitatio
17、ns prior to use.6.2 These tests are destructive in nature and there is thepotential for injury from flying objects that are ejected duringthe tests. The person performing the tests shall wear appropri-ate safety equipment, the test apparatus shall be properlyguarded, and the tests shall not be perfo
18、rmed alone.7. Procedure for Horizontal Litter Test7.1 Attach a 4 leg litter bridle to the litter at pointsdesignated by the litter manufacturer.7.1.1 The bridle shall be constructed of chain or cable toeliminate stretching or the potential for any adjuster buckleslippage or both.7.1.2 The internal a
19、ngle of the bridle legs attached to thehead and foot ends of the litter shall be 90 6 2.7.2 Secure the litter to the bed of the test machine using ananchor plate of approximately 40 by 40 cm (16 by 16 in.)inside the litter. The plate shall be centered between the railsand ends of the litter and shal
20、l span at least two rails (or ribs)and cross rails (or ribs) to distribute the forces in the litter. Incases where the litter does not have a frame, or if the specifiedplate size does not span the frame rails, the size can beincreased to span structural elements in the shell or the frame.7.3 Apply a
21、 pulling force to the bridle at the rate of 30 6 2.5cm (12 6 1 in.) a minute. The test concludes when any part ofthe litter fails or when any part of a structural element isdeformed more than 5 6 0.5 cm (2 6 0.2 in.).8. Procedure for Vertical Litter Test8.1 Attach test apparatus to the head end of t
22、he litter atpoints designated by the litter manufacturer. If the litter isequipped with designated connection points then those connec-tion points shall be used. If the manufacturer suggests that thelitter be attached with a system using rope or webbing wrappedaround the frame rails, then those inst
23、ructions shall be fol-lowed.8.1.1 The bridle shall be constructed of chain or cable toeliminate stretching or the potential for any adjuster buckleslippage or both. If rope or webbing is used it shall be ofsufficient strength to minimize elongation and to insure that thelitter is tested and not the
24、attachment method or material.8.2 The internal angle of the bridle shall be as small aspossible. If manufactured connections on the litter are in sucha location that the bridle contacts the shell of the litter, thebridle shall be extended just enough to eliminate contact withthe litter shell.8.3 Sec
25、ure the litter to the bed of the test machine using ananchor plate approximately 40 by 40 cm (16 by 16 in.) insidethe litter. The plate shall be centered between the rails (or ribs)at the end of the litter opposite of the bridle. The plate shallspan any rails or cross rails to distribute the load on
26、 the litterframe or shell. In cases where the litter does not have a frame,or if the specified plate size does not span the frame rails, thesize can be increased to span structural elements in the shell orthe frame.8.4 Apply a pulling force to the bridle at the rate of 30 6 2.5cm (12 6 1 in.) a minu
27、te. The test concludes when any part ofthe litter fails or when any part of a structural element isdeformed more than 5 6 0.5 cm (2 6 0.2 in.)9. Report9.1 Report the force on the litter at the time any structuralelement fails or the deformation of any structural elementexceeds 5 60.5 cm (2 6 0.2 in.
28、). Report the attachment pointsused, location of the failure, the dimensions of the bridle beforeand after the test, the internal angle of the bridle before andafter the test, and any special concerns observed.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Insufficient information is currently available to char-acteriz
29、e the precision and bias of the test method describedhere. As the test method is more widely used, the precision andbias will be characterized.11. Keywords11.1 lifting bridle; rescue litter; rescue stretcher; stretcherAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. Sample Test SetupsX1.1 Horizontal Litter Tes
30、tX1.1.1 Fig. X1.1 shows a suggested schematic of a testsetup. The key point to remember is that the reaction plate shallbe large enough to span frame members or structural elementsin the shell but not so large as to inhibit bending or curling ofthe frame, especially on the horizontal test.X1.2 Verti
31、cal Litter TestX1.2.1 Fig. X1.2 shows the bridle attached to a frame downtube but depending upon the litter and the manufacturersinstructions it may be connected to designated attachmentpoints or other locations on the frame.F2821 102This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsibl
32、e technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful cons
33、ideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 B
34、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).FIG. X1.1FIG. X1.2F2821 103
