1、Designation: F2825 10 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Practice forClimatic Stressing of Packaging Systems for Single ParcelDelivery1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2825; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis for evaluating, ina laboratory, the ability of a packaging system
3、 to withstand arange of climatic stresses that a packaging system may beexposed to during distribution throughout the world and stillprovide the product protection from damage or alteration.1.2 This practice is designed as conditioning prior to testingfor overnight or two-day delivery systems of a s
4、ingle parcelpackaging system or as a standalone test for climatic stressingof packaging systems.1.3 This practice does not cover refrigerated, frozen foodstorage, or cryogenic storage conditions. Only the climaticenvironments encountered in various regions of the world arecovered by this practice.1.
5、4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information
6、 onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the Measur
7、ement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)F17 Terminology Relating to Flexible Barrier Packaging2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 2233 PackagingComplete, Filled Transport Packages:Conditioning for Testing3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions used in this practice, see TerminologiesD996 and F17.3.1.
8、2 climatic stressingexposing packaging system testsamples to conditions of temperature and humidity for aspecified period of time which would simulate expectedconditions seen in the defined storage and distribution system.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Products shipped through the distribution environmen
9、t,regardless of mode of transportation, encounter various cli-matic and physical environments as they pass through differentparts of the world at various times of the year. This practice isdesigned to provide guidance when establishing the climaticstresses imparted to packaging systems using expecte
10、d climaticconditions and durations that they can encounter in distributionin order to evaluate its ability to provide protection to thepackage contents or devices.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a method for conditioning pack-aging systems using climatic conditions that occur in ac
11、tualdistribution. The recommended exposure levels are based onavailable information on shipping, handling and storageenvironments, current industry practices, and published stud-ies. They are not absolute extremes, but recorded daily aver-ages in cold and hot climates of the world.6. Apparatus6.1 Ro
12、om (or Cabinet) of such size that sample containersor packages may be individually exposed to circulating air atthe temperature and relative humidity chosen.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F02 on FlexibleBarrier Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F0
13、2.50 onPackage Design and Development.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originallyapproved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2825 101. DOI:10.1520/F282510R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,
15、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.1.1 Control Apparatus, capable of maintaining the room atthe required atmospheric conditions within the tolerance limits.6.2 HygrometerThe instrument used to indicate the rela-tive humidity should be accurate to 6
16、2 % relative humidity. Apsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement ofrelative humidity or for checking the hygrometer (see TestMethod E337).6.3 ThermometerAny temperature-measuring device maybe used provided it can accurately indicate the temperature towithin 0.1C or 0.2F. The dry-bulb t
17、hermometer of thepsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement or forchecking the temperature-indicating device.7. Procedure7.1 Define Packaging SystemDescribe the packaging sys-tem in terms of size, weight, and materials of construction andestablish the unit of test (shipping box, multipac
18、k, pallet load,and so forth).7.2 Identify the various modes and durations of transporta-tion that will be used to store and distribute the products tocustomers. For example, the product will be delivered to itsdestination via truck and air over a two-day transit period.7.3 When used as a standalone
19、test, predetermine theacceptance criteria.7.4 Write a test plan using the sequence, conditions andexposure times cited in Table 1. If data is available for theusers distribution environment indicating different conditionsand exposure times, they should be used.NOTE 1Exposing packaging system materia
20、ls to warm/humid climaticstresses first may cause the materials to absorb moisture that may remainwith the materials throughout the remaining exposures.7.5 Conditions and exposure times may be based on knownstorage and distribution systems and conditions.7.6 Test Specimen:7.6.1 Test specimens should
21、 consist of representative pack-aging systems, including actual contents or devices. Contentswith blemishes or minor defects may be used if the defectivecomponent is not to be studied and if the defect is documentedin the report. Simulated contents are also acceptable as long asthey duplicate the lo
22、ad characteristics of the actual contents.7.6.2 Care must be taken to ensure that no degradation hasoccurred to both the packaging system and the contents prior toinitiating the climatic stress exposure. This is particularlyimportant in situations where the samples are shipped to aremote test site.7
23、.7 Perform climatic conditioning per the plan.7.8 Continue with the packaging system performance test orevaluate the results of the conditioning against any predeter-mined acceptance criteria when performing a standalone test.8. Climatic Conditions8.1 The conditions listed in Table 1 are based on in
24、dustryexperience, global climate, time products spend in distributionsystems and guidance from Practice D4332 and ISO 2233.9. Report9.1 The report shall include the following:9.1.1 Temperature, relative humidity, and time of exposure.9.1.1.1 Preconditioning atmosphere and time of exposurewhen used.9
25、.1.2 Statement of compliance with this procedure.9.1.3 Variations from this procedure, including the testingtemperature and relative humidity, if different from the condi-tioning atmosphere, the time elapsed, and so forth.9.1.4 When used as a standalone test, whether the accep-tance criteria have be
26、en met and the nature of noncompliance.10. Precision and Bias10.1 A statement of precision and bias is not applicable tothis practice.11. Keywords11.1 desert; distribution environment; freeze; handling;packaging systems; shipping; storage conditions; transit; tropi-calTABLE 1 Climatic ConditionsNOTE
27、 1The time between each condition should be documented in the test plan. It can be determined by the user. It may be as little as no time betweenconditions (worst case) or up to several hours depending on factors as distribution environment data, test facility capacities and test schedules. If thean
28、ticipated time between exposures will exceed one hour, a controlled storage condition such as 23 5C and 50 10 % relative humidity (RH) shouldbe considered.Condition Description Temperature Relative Humidity Exposure Time1 Cold 20 3C not specified 4 h +30 min/02 Controlled Room Conditions 23 5C 50 10
29、 % See Note above3 Hot/Dry 50 3C 25 5 % 4 h +30 min/04 Controlled Room Conditions 23 5C 50 10 % See Note above5 Warm/Humid 30 3C 90 5 % 4 h +30 min/06 Controlled Room Conditions 23 5C 50 10 % See Note aboveEditorially corrected.F2825 10 (2015)2BIBLIOGRAPHY(1) Ritter, S., “How Hot? How Wet? How High?
30、”,Valley Labs, BoulderCO, ISTA Con 2001 Conference.(2) Kipp , B. and Russell, P., “European Express Shipping/Drop/ImpactStudy”, International Safe Transit Association Dimensions 06 Con-ference.(3) Cowland, R., “Global Thermal Profile Development”, InternationalSafe Transit Association Dimensions 07
31、Conference.(4) “Climates of the World,” published by the US Department ofCommerce and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this
32、standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years
33、 andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committe
34、e, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
35、2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 10 (2015)3
