1、Designation: F2877 11An American National StandardStandard Test Method forShock Testing of Structural Insulation of a Class DivisionsConstructed of Steel or Aluminum1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.TABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionSection 1 ScopeSection 2 Referenced DocumentsSe
3、ction 3 TerminologySection 4 Significance and UseSection 5 Shock Test Prior to Fire Resistance TestSection 6 Criteria to Evaluate Shock Test SpecimenSection 7 Post Shock Fire Resistance TestSection 8 Criteria to Evaluate the Fire Resistance of the Shock Test SpecimenSection 9 Test ReportSection 10 P
4、recision and BiasSection 11 Key WordsINTRODUCTIONPassive fire protection materials have been required and used on commercial ships for decades. Thepassive systems include the non-combustible insulation material and its means of attachment to steelor aluminum divisions. The passive system has been ev
5、aluated in a standard fire test using a standardsteel or aluminum structural core. No impact loading has been required prior to testing for fireresistance.The United States Navy requires shock testing of passive fire protection prior to fire resistancetesting; this test is defined in MIL-STD-3020, F
6、ire Resistance of U.S. Naval Surface Ships, 7November, 2007. The technology to economically shock test the passive fire protection systems wasdeveloped 50 years ago, and equipment in commercial laboratories is available.After the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 it is our responsibility that w
7、e add a level of shockprotection to our passive fire protection systems on commercial ships where appropriate.2Many of thepassive fire protection systems used today are mechanically fastened and will perform the intendedfunction after a shock event.Passive fire protection insulation may have thermal
8、 or acoustic treatments added to the insulateddivision. These treatments add mass to the fire protection system and their effect on shock is notincluded in this specification.1. Scope1.1 The purpose of the specification is to evaluate insulationinstalled on steel or aluminum structural division as d
9、efined inIMO resolution A.754 (18) to ensure the insulation is notdegraded in the event of a shock.1.2 The non-combustible passive fire protection insulationshall be installed, which will meet the highest level ofcommercial fire resistance expected. Lower levels of fireresistance will be allowed wit
10、hout additional shock testing.1.3 This test method is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of thematerials, products
11、or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Shipsand Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.02 onInsulation/Processes.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. DOI:10.1520/F2877-11.
12、2JOM, 53(12), 2001 pp 8-12 and www.nist.gov/public.affairs/releases/wtc-briefing-april0505.htm1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-guards for personnel and property s
13、hall be employed inconducting these tests.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two
14、systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility
15、 of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E176 Terminology of Fire Standards2.2 International Maritime Code: International Code forApplication of Fire Test Procedures, ISBN 92-801-1452-24:A.754 (18) Recommendation on Fire Resistance Tests for“A,” “B,” and “F”
16、 Class Divisions2.3 United States Military Documents:MIL-S-901D Requirements for Shock Tests H.I. (High Im-pact) Shipboard Machinery, Equipment, and Systems5NAVSEAINST 9491.ID Approved Class HI Shock TestingMachines6MIL-STD-3020 Fire Resistance of U.S. Navy SurfaceShips73. Terminology3.1 Refer to Te
17、rminology E176 for general terms associatedwith fire issues.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 A-Class division“A” class divisions in accordancewith Part 3 of IMO FTP Code are those divisions formed bybulkheads and decks which comply with the following criteria:(a) They are constructed of steel or other equivale
18、nt mate-rial;(b) They are suitably stiffened;(c) They are insulated with approved non-combustible ma-terials such that the average temperature of the unexposed sidewill not rise more than 140C above the original temperature,nor will the temperature, at any one point, including any joint,rise more th
19、an 180C above the original temperature, with thetime listed below:class “A-60” 60 minclass “A-30” 30 minclass “A-15” 15 minclass “A-0” 0 min(d) They are so constructed as to be capable of preventingthe passage of smoke and flame to the end of the one-hourstandard fire test; and(e) The Administration
20、 required a test of a prototype bulk-head or deck in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Codeto ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity andtemperature rise.3.2.2 fire resistance, nthe ability of a material, product, orassembly to withstand fire or give protection from it for a
21、period of time.3.2.2.1 DiscussionFire resistance is the ability of a divi-sion or boundary (typically a bulkhead or overhead) to with-stand fire, give protection from it, prevent fire spread toadjoining compartments, and retain structural integrity underfire. Structural integrity is the ability to c
22、ontinue to carry astructural load. Fire resistance does not address reaction to fireproperties such as ignitability, surface flame spread, heatrelease rates, smoke density, fire gas toxicity, or other materialfire performance limits.3.2.2.2 fire resistance ratinga measure of the elapsed timeduring w
23、hich a material, product, or assembly continues toexhibit fire resistance under specified exposure conditions.3.2.2.3 restricted applicationwhen a division will onlyprotect against a fire threat with the insulation installed on thefire side only, the division is designated as fire resistant withrest
24、ricted application.3.2.2.4 un-restricted applicationwhen a division is pro-tected against a fire threat from both sides, the division isdesignated as fire resistant with unrestricted application.3.2.3 non-combustible insulationan insulation materialwhen tested in accordance with the FTP Code,Annex 1
25、, Part 1,and meet the acceptance criteria are non-combustible.3.2.4 standard steel or aluminum structural corea struc-tural core used to construct the test specimen. It is constructedof either steel or aluminum with the dimensions and stiffenersshown in Figs. 1-4.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test
26、 method evaluates the ability of a non-combustible passive fire protection system installed on struc-tural divisions on commercial ships to function after shockloading.4.2 The shock loading is accomplished by conducting im-pact testing of a test specimen consisting of insulation on astandard steel o
27、r aluminum structural core installed on amedium weight shock test machine.4.3 Following the shock testing the shocked test specimenand an unshocked test specimen are tested for fire resistance.Both shocked and unshocked test specimens are installedside-by-side in a fixture and fire tested at the sam
28、e time.4.4 The fire resistance for both specimens is measured andrecorded.4.5 Other passive fire protection systems using the sameinsulation materials and attachment methods and having lowerfire resistance ratings will be accepted without additional shocktesting.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit
29、 the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from IMO Publishing Service, 4 Albert Embankment, London SE17SR, United Kingdom, email:
30、 publication-salesimo.org5Available on the internet at 5 66Available on the internet at nsdb.navsses.navy.mil/Approved %20Class%20HI%20Shock%20Testing% 20Machines.pdf7Available on the internet at 1125. Shock Test Prior to Fire Resistance Test5.1 Fire resistant divisions, bulkheads and decks, withp
31、assive fire protection and associated attachments, shall beshock tested in accordance with MIL-S-901D, Section 3.1.2 (b)Medium Weight Shock Test. The test specimen construction,orientations, fixture and assembly details are provided asguidance in Figs. 1-8. Testing shall be performed using bothdeck
32、and bulkhead orientations. Test shall be performed for theorientations being evaluated, that is bulkhead, or deck, or both.FIG. 1 Steel Test Specimen Construction Details for A-ClassBulkheadFIG. 2 Aluminum Test Specimen Construction Details for A-ClassBulkheadFIG. 3 Steel Test Specimen Construction
33、Details for A-Class DeckFIG. 4 Aluminum Test Specimen Construction Details for A-ClassDeckF2877 1135.2 The test specimens to be insulated are 1220 by 3050 mm48 by 120 in. Two specimens shall be constructed for eachconfiguration to be tested. Both specimens will be insulatedwith passive fire protecti
34、on, only one will be shock tested.5.2.1 The steel bulkhead test specimen is shown in Fig. 1.5.2.1.1 The aluminum bulkhead test specimen is shown inFig. 2.5.2.2 The steel deck test specimen is shown in Fig. 3.5.2.2.1 The aluminum deck test specimen is shown in Fig.4.5.2.3 The bulkhead or deck shall b
35、e insulated on thestiffened side with a passive fire protection system for thedesired fire resistance rating. The most severe test for thebulkhead is A-60 unrestricted, and for the deck A-60.5.2.4 The deck shall be insulated on the stiffened side withpassive fire protection system of an expected A-6
36、0 rating.5.2.5 The insulated test specimen shall be mounted into thetest fixture as shown:5.2.5.1 In Fig. 5, Typical Deck Mounting Detail.5.2.5.2 In Fig. 6, Cross Section of Bulkhead MountingDetail.5.2.6 Each test specimen shall be exposed to three hammerblows per each of the three orientations as s
37、hown:5.2.6.1 In Fig. 7, Bulkhead Orientations.5.2.6.2 In Fig. 8, Deck Orientations.5.2.7 The shocked test specimen shall be evaluated to thecriteria in Section 6. If it is deemed to meet the criteria, theshocked and unshocked specimens shall be sent to the firetesting laboratory for the testing as s
38、tated in Section 7.6. Criteria to Evaluate Shock Test Specimens6.1 If pins or mechanical fasteners are used to install theinsulation, the performance of insulation or other passive fireprotection materials shall be based on visual observations. Thefollowing factors would degrade the performance of t
39、heinsulation. If anyone of the following is evident, the testspecimen is deemed to have failed the shock test.6.1.1 More than 10 % of the pins or fasteners used to holdthe insulation become loose from the test specimen.Aloose pinor fastener is one which is no longer attached to the structuralcore.6.
40、1.2 Three or more adjacent pins become loose from thetest specimen.FIG. 5 Typical Deck Mounting DetailFIG. 6 Cross Section Bulkhead Mounting DetailFIG. 7 Bulkhead OrientationsF2877 1146.1.3 The insulation develops a noticeable crack or voidwhich exposes the test specimen to direct heat transfer path
41、from the fire exposure.6.2 If adhesives are used to attach the insulation to thestandard structural core, any of the following observationswould deem the insulation system has failed the shock test.6.2.1 The insulation cracks exposing the test specimen.6.2.2 The insulation comes adrift forming a dir
42、ect heattransfer path to the test specimen.6.2.3 The insulation becomes loose and forms a noticeablevoid within the insulation itself or between the insulation andthe test specimen.7. Post Shock Fire Resistance Test7.1 The test specimens having met the shock criteria inSection 6 shall be tested by a
43、 flag state approved fire testinglaboratory.87.2 For bulkhead tests, the unshocked test specimen shall befire tested, side-by-side in the same vertical furnace, with theshock tested specimen. For deck tests, an unshocked testspecimen shall be fire tested, side-by-side in the same horizon-tal furnace
44、, with a shock tested specimen. The fire test shall beconducted for one hour.7.3 The furnace control shall be the same as stated in IMOResolution A.754(18) paragraph 8.3 of reference 2.1.7.4 The unexposed-face temperature thermocouples shall bedesigned and fixed to the unexposed face of the test spe
45、cimensas stated in IMO Resolution A.754(18) paragraph 7.4 ofreference 2.1.7.5 For testing of bulkhead and deck assemblies withinsulation only on one side, six thermocouples shall besymmetrically located on the unexposed face to determine theaverage and maximum unexposed temperatures. The thermo-coup
46、les shall be located on the centerline of the frame bays asshown in Fig. 9.7.5.1 Additional thermocouples shall be added at the dis-cretion of the laboratory engineer.8. Criteria to Evaluate the Fire Resistance of the ShockTested Specimen8.1 The average temperature rise of the shocked specimen,as de
47、termined by the average temperature rise of all sixthermocouples, shall not be greater than 10 % of the averagetemperature rise of the unshocked specimen at the end of thefire resistance test.8.2 The maximum temperature rise of any thermocouple onthe shocked fire test specimen shall not exceed 180C.
48、9. Test Report9.1 Atest report shall be written by the shock test laboratoryfor the shock test, irrespective of the outcome of the test.9.1.1 The shock test report shall be written by the shock testlaboratory personnel and shall include:9.1.1.1 Description of the insulation to include weights ofeach
49、 piece of material installed on the test specimen.8See http:/cqmix.uscg.mil/eqlabsFIG. 8 Deck OrientationsFIG. 9 Thermocouple Locations on Unexposed Side of ShockTest Specimen for A-Class Bulkhead and DecksF2877 1159.1.1.2 Description and photographs of the attachment toinclude location of all attachments and method of installingcomponents on the test specimen.9.1.1.3 Data log describing the observations made after eachof the hammer blows.9.1.1.4 Video of each hammer blow and photographs o
