1、Designation: F2881 11 (Reapproved 2015)F2881/F2881M 18Standard Specification for12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm Polypropylene (PP) Dual WallPipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Storm SewerApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2881;F2881/F2881M; the number immediately following
2、the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specificat
3、ion covers requirements and test methods for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominal insidediameters covered are 12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressurestorm sewer sy
4、stems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with PracticeD2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall (Fig.1).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units
5、or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values statedin each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precaut
6、ionary statement caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, healt
7、h, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Interna
8、tional Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A666 Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat BarD256 Test Methods for D
9、etermining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of PlasticsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD792 Test Methods for D
10、ensity and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion PlastometerD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD2122 Test
11、Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 P
12、ractice for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (FallingWeight)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition appro
13、ved Aug. 1, 2015April 1, 2018. Published November 2015May 2018. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112015 asF2881F288111(2015).11. DOI: 10.1520/F288111R15.10.1520/F288118.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Servic
14、e at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous
15、version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes
16、section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer
17、 Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Polyolefins by Differential Scanning CalorimetryD4101 Classification System and Basis for Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion MaterialsD4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Bl
18、ack Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD4389/D4389M Specification for Finished Glass Fabrics Woven From RovingsD6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-TemperatureSuperposition Using the Stepped Isothermal
19、 MethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic Pipe2.2 AASHTO Standard:3LRFD, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Section 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel LinersM288 Geotextile Specification for Highway
20、Applications2.3 Federal/Military Standards:4Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600, unless otherwise
21、specified. The abbreviation for polypropylene is PP.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 dual wall, nIn this case, the dual pipe wall construction provides an interior wall in the waterway and includes ribs,corrugations, or other shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that
22、helps brace the pipe against diametrical deformation.3.2.2 silt-tight joint, nJoint that prevents the passage of silt or soil, does not restrict water passage.3.2.3 water-tight joint, nJoint that retrains the passage of water to not exceed a specified limit.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for prod
23、uct made to this specification shall include the following information to adequately describe the desiredproduct:4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Diameters,4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.4 Pipe laying length,4.1.5 Joint requirements4.1.6 Fitting type(s):4.1
24、.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline and branch diameters, and4.1.6.2 Number of fittings per diameter.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Pipe and Fabricated FittingsPolypropylene CompoundsPolypropylene compounds used in the manufacture of the dualwall pipe and fittings shall have the mini
25、mum properties as shown in Table 1. Polypropylene compounds shall be comprised ofthe base unfilled copolymer polypropylene virgin resin and all additives, colorants, UV inhibitors and stabilizers. Conditioning,3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHT
26、O), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4 Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.FIG. 1 Interior Smooth Wall and an Annular Corrugated Profile Outer WallF2881/F2881M
27、 182sampling, preparation and testing of molded specimens shall be in accordance with the requirements in Specification D4101.Compounds shall be tested and validated on an annual basis or for any new formulations.NOTE 1Stress-cracking has not been shown to be a concern with polypropylene resins, so
28、no slow-crack growth test protocol has been developedfor assessing it.5.2 Color and Ultraviolet Stabilization for Pipe and Fabricated FittingsThe pipe shall be colored or black. Blackpolypropylene compounds shall have between 2.0 and 3.0 percent carbon black when tested in accordance with the proced
29、ures inTest Method D4218. Colored polypropylene compounds shall be protected from Ultraviolet (UV) degradation with UV stabilizers.NOTE 2Pipe users should consult with the pipe manufacturer about the outdoor exposure life of the product under consideration.5.3 Rework PlasticClean polypropylene rewor
30、k plastic, generated from the manufacturers own production of the product andhaving the same minimum physical properties, may be used by the manufacturer, provided that the pipe produced meets all therequirements of this specification.5.4 Elastomeric Seal MaterialsElastomeric compounds and thermopla
31、stic elastomeric compounds used in the manufacture ofsealing rings or gaskets shall meet the requirements of Specification F477.5.5 LubricantThe lubricant used for assembly of gasketed joints shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or the pipe.5.6 Optional Bell Retaining BandsBell retaining b
32、ands, if used, shall meet the requirements in 6.6.4 and shall be made ofcorrosive resistant materials such as fiberglass (Specification D4389/D4389M) or stainless steel (Specification A666).5.6.1 The Specification D4389/D4389M fiberglass roving shall be an E type glass, free of any alkali, dirt or o
33、ther impurities.The band shall consist of a continuous, overlapping filament fiber and not a fabric.NOTE 3Compound and material properties are typically tested to validate a formulation; they are not routine quality assurance tests. Users requiringsuch testing for quality assurance purposes should i
34、nsert these criteria in their project specifications.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical in color,opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusio
35、ns, or other defects that are visibleto the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely through valleys.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, in pipe are not permissible.6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:6.2.1 Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the
36、 pipe and fittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 2.6.2.2 Laying LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in any laying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufacturer. Layinglength shall not be less than 99 % of stated quantity when measured in accordance with 7.3.2.6.2.3 Minimum Wall,
37、 Crown, Valley and Liner ThicknessThe minimum thickness of pipe sections shall meet the requirementsgiven in Table 2 when measured in accordance with 7.3.3.NOTE 4The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of products manufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibility
38、between pipe and fittings made to this specification from different manufacturers should be verified.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection shall meet the requirements given in Table 2 when tested inaccordance with 7.4.NOTE 5The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for te
39、sting convenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. The engineeris responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.TABLE 1 Polypropylene Compound PropertiesProperty ASTM Test Method Units (SI Units) Minimum Value Maximum ValueMelt Flow Rate D1238 g/10 min 0.25 at 2
40、30C 1.50 at 230CDensity D792, D1505 lb/in.3 (g/cm3) 0.0325 (0.900) 0.0343 (0.950)Tensile Strength at Yield D638 psi (N/mm2) 3500 (24) 5000 (34)Elongation at Yield D638 % (%) 5 (5) 25 (25)Flexural Modulus (1% secant) D790 Procedure B psi (N/mm2) 175 000 (1200) 325 000 (2250)IZOD Impact Strength (73F
41、(23C) D256 ft-lb/in.2 (kJ/m2) 23.8 (50) No BreakOxidative-Induction Time (392F (200C) D3895 min 25 200TABLE 1 Polypropylene Compound PropertiesProperty ASTM Test Method Units SI Units Minimum Value Maximum ValueMelt Flow Rate D1238 g/10 min 0.25 at 230 C 1.50 at 230 CDensity D792, D1505 lb/in.3 g/cm
42、3 0.0325 0.900 0.0343 0.950Tensile Strength at Yield D638 psi N/mm2 3500 24 5000 34Elongation at Yield D638 % % 5 5 25 25Flexural Modulus (1 % secant) D790 Procedure B psi N/mm2 175 000 1200 325 000 2250IZOD Impact Strength (73 F 23 C) D256 ft-lb/in.2 kJ/m2 23.8 50 No BreakOxidative-Induction Time (
43、392 F 200 C) D3895 min 25 200F2881/F2881M 1836.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation of the outerand inner wall, or combinations thereof, when tested in accordance with 7.5. Additionally, at or below the average deflection limit
44、defined in Eq 1 for dual wall profiles the specimen shall be considered as failing this test when the load does not increasecontinuously with increasing deflection.Average Buckling Deflection Limit:50.0107S D0.5Do 2 Di!D (1)where: = minimum buckling deflection limit (in./in. mm/mm)D = mean diameter
45、(centroid) of pipe (in. mm)0.5 (Do Di ) = height of the corrugation (outside diameter minus inside diameter) (in. mm)NOTE 6Eq 1 is based on the results from NCHRP Report 6315 and is defined as being derived from the standard parallel plate test equation andmodified for polypropylene. The values for
46、the diameter measurements are based on each producers specific corrugation dimensions.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation of theouter and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when conditioned in accordance with 7.1 and
47、tested in accordance with 7.6 andexamined under normal light and the unaided eye. The minimum pipe impact strength at 73F (23C)73 F 23 C shall be 140ft-lbf (190 J).190 J.NOTE 7Discoloration or “whitening” of the pipe during pipe flattening and impact tests is normal and does not represent a failure
48、criteria for eithertest.6.6 Fabricated Fittings and Joining Systems:6.6.1 Only fabricated fittings and joining systems supplied or recommended by the pipe manufacturer shall be used. Fabricatedfittings shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations and meet the same material
49、 requirements as thepipe.5 National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 631: Updated Test and Design Methods for Thermoplastic Drainage Pipe. DOI: 10.17226/23045TABLE 2 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsPipe InsideDiameterInside DiameterTolerancesMinimum PipeStiffness at 5 %DeflectionMinimumInner LinerThicknessMinimumValleyThicknessMinimumCrownThicknessin. mm in. mm lb/in/in kPa in. mm in. mm in. mm12 300 0.12 3.0 70 482 0.045 1.1 0.1
