1、Designation: F2881 11 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Specification for12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm Polypropylene (PP) Dual WallPipe and Fittings for Non-Pressure Storm SewerApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2881; the number immediately following the designation indicates th
2、e year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements and test me
3、thodsfor dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominalinside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. 300 to 1500 mm.1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended toprovide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use fornon-pressure storm sewer systems. Pipe and fittings producedin a
4、ccordance with this specification shall be installed incompliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with aninterior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outerwall (Fig. 1).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded
5、separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement caveat pertainsonly to
6、the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of
7、regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A666 Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked AusteniticStainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat BarD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plast
8、ics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1238 Test Method f
9、or Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsD2122 Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Ther-moplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underg
10、round Installation of Thermoplas-tic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External LoadingCharacteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resis-tance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by
11、Means of aTup (Falling Weight)D2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and FlexuralCreep and Creep-Rupture of PlasticsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3895 Test Method for Oxidative-Induction Time of Poly-olefins by Differential Sca
12、nning CalorimetryD4101 Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extru-sion MaterialsD4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon BlackContent in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD4389/D4389M Specification for Finished Glass FabricsWoven From RovingsD6992 Test Method for Ac
13、celerated Tensile Creep andCreep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-Temperature Superposition Using the Stepped IsothermalMethod1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.62 on Sewer.C
14、urrent edition approved Aug. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F288111. DOI:10.1520/F288111R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Bo
15、ok of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastome
16、ric Seals (Gaskets) for Join-ing Plastic Pipe2.2 AASHTO Standard:3LRFD, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifi-cations Section 12 Buried Structures and Tunnel LinersM288 Geotextile Specification for Highway Applications2.3 Federal/Military Standards:4Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civ
17、il Agencies)MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with Termi-nology D1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation forpolypropylene is PP.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific
18、 to This Standard:3.2.1 dual wall, nIn this case, the dual pipe wall construc-tion provides an interior wall in the waterway and includesribs, corrugations, or other shapes, which can be either solid orhollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametrical deforma-tion.3.2.2 silt-tight joint, nJoint
19、that prevents the passage ofsilt or soil, does not restrict water passage.3.2.3 water-tight joint, nJoint that retrains the passage ofwater to not exceed a specified limit.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product made to this specification shallinclude the following information to adequately de
20、scribe thedesired product:4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Diameters,4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.4 Pipe laying length,4.1.5 Joint requirements4.1.6 Fitting type(s):4.1.6.1 Size and type of fittings, including mainline andbranch diameters, and4.1.6.2 Numb
21、er of fittings per diameter.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Pipe and Fabricated FittingsPolypropyleneCompoundsPolypropylene compounds used in the manufac-ture of the dual wall pipe and fittings shall have the minimumproperties as shown in Table 1. Polypropylene compoundsshall be comprised of the bas
22、e unfilled copolymer polypropyl-ene virgin resin and all additives, colorants, UV inhibitors andstabilizers. Conditioning, sampling, preparation and testing ofmolded specimens shall be in accordance with the require-ments in Specification D4101. Compounds shall be tested andvalidated on an annual ba
23、sis or for any new formulations.NOTE 1Stress-cracking has not been shown to be a concern withpolypropylene resins, so no slow-crack growth test protocol has beendeveloped for assessing it.5.2 Color and Ultraviolet Stabilization for Pipe and Fabri-cated FittingsThe pipe shall be colored or black. Bla
24、ckpolypropylene compounds shall have between 2.0 and 3.0percent carbon black when tested in accordance with theprocedures in Test Method D4218. Colored polypropylenecompounds shall be protected from Ultraviolet (UV) degrada-tion with UV stabilizers.NOTE 2Pipe users should consult with the pipe manuf
25、acturer aboutthe outdoor exposure life of the product under consideration.5.3 Rework PlasticClean polypropylene rework plastic,generated from the manufacturers own production of theproduct and having the same minimum physical properties,may be used by the manufacturer, provided that the pipeproduced
26、 meets all the requirements of this specification.3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.4Available from DLA Document Services, Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Ave.,Phi
27、ladelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/quicksearch.dla.mil.FIG. 1TABLE 1 Polypropylene Compound PropertiesProperty ASTM Test Method Units (SI Units) Minimum Value Maximum ValueMelt Flow Rate D1238 g/10 min 0.25 at 230C 1.50 at 230CDensity D792, D1505 lb/in.3(g/cm3) 0.0325 (0.900) 0.0343 (0.950)Tensile Stre
28、ngth at Yield D638 psi (N/mm2) 3500 (24) 5000 (34)Elongation at Yield D638 % (%) 5 (5) 25 (25)Flexural Modulus (1% secant) D790 Procedure B psi (N/mm2) 175 000 (1200) 325 000 (2250)IZOD Impact Strength (73F (23C) D256 ft-lb/in.2(kJ/m2) 23.8 (50) No BreakOxidative-Induction Time (392F (200C) D3895 mi
29、n 25 200F2881 11 (2015)25.4 Elastomeric Seal MaterialsElastomeric compoundsand thermoplastic elastomeric compounds used in the manu-facture of sealing rings or gaskets shall meet the requirementsof Specification F477.5.5 LubricantThe lubricant used for assembly of gasketedjoints shall have no detrim
30、ental effect on the gasket or the pipe.5.6 Optional Bell Retaining BandsBell retaining bands, ifused, shall meet the requirements in 6.6.4 and shall be made ofcorrosive resistant materials such as fiberglass (SpecificationD4389/D4389M) or stainless steel (Specification A666).5.6.1 The Specification
31、D4389/D4389M fiberglass rovingshall be an E type glass, free of any alkali, dirt or otherimpurities. The band shall consist of a continuous, overlappingfilament fiber and not a fabric.NOTE 3Compound and material properties are typically tested tovalidate a formulation; they are not routine quality a
32、ssurance tests. Usersrequiring such testing for quality assurance purposes should insert thesecriteria in their project specifications.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homoge-neous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practicalin color, opacity, and densit
33、y. The pipe walls shall be free ofcracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or otherdefects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect thewall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarelythrough valleys.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, in pipe are notperm
34、issible.6.2 Dimensions and Tolerance:6.2.1 Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the pipe andfittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 2.6.2.2 Laying LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in anylaying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufac-turer. Laying length shall not be less than 99
35、% of statedquantity when measured in accordance with 7.3.2.6.2.3 Minimum Wall, Crown, Valley and Liner ThicknessThe minimum thickness of pipe sections shall meet therequirements given in Table 2 when measured in accordancewith 7.3.3.NOTE 4The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of productsma
36、nufactured to this specification are not specified; therefore, compatibil-ity between pipe and fittings made to this specification from differentmanufacturers should be verified.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflec-tion shall meet the requirements given in Table 2 when testedin acc
37、ordance with 7.4.NOTE 5The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for testingconvenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. Theengineer is responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.6.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, brea
38、king, separation of seams, separation ofthe outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, when testedin accordance with 7.5.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall be no evidence ofsplitting, cracking, breaking, separation of seams, separation ofthe outer and inner wall, or combinations thereof, whenco
39、nditioned in accordance with 7.1 and tested in accordancewith 7.6 and examined under normal light and the unaided eye.The minimum pipe impact strength at 73F (23C) shall be 140ft-lbf (190 J).NOTE 6Discoloration or “whitening” of the pipe during pipe flatten-ing and impact tests is normal and does no
40、t represent a failure criteria foreither test.6.6 Fabricated Fittings and Joining Systems:6.6.1 Only fabricated fittings and joining systems suppliedor recommended by the pipe manufacturer shall be used.Fabricated fittings shall be installed in accordance with themanufacturers recommendations and me
41、et the same materialrequirements as the pipe.TABLE 2 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsPipe InsideDiameterInside DiameterTolerancesMinimum PipeStiffness at 5 %DeflectionMinimumInner LinerThicknessMinimumValleyThicknessMinimumCrownThicknessin. mm in. mm lb/in/in kPa in. mm in. mm in. mm12 300 0.12 3.
42、070 482 0.045 1.1 0.103 2.6 0.052 1.315 400 0.15 3.860 413 0.050 1.3 0.126 3.2 0.068 1.718 450 0.18 4.656 386 0.055 1.4 0.132 3.4 0.074 1.924 600 0.24 6.150 344 0.060 1.5 0.144 3.7 0.093 2.430 750 0.30 7.646 317 0.065 1.7 0.148 3.8 0.108 2.736 900 0.36 9.140 275 0.070 1.8 0.153 3.9 0.132 3.442 1050
43、0.42 10.7 35 241 0.070 1.8 0.158 4.0 0.160 4.148 1200 0.48 12.230 206 0.072 1.8 0.179 4.6 0.165 4.254 1350 0.54 13.726 175 0.078 2.0 0.194 4.9 0.178 4.560 1500 0.60 15.225 170 0.085 2.2 0.215 5.5 0.180 4.6F2881 11 (2015)3NOTE 7Fittings may be fabricated from the pipe by a variety ofprocesses includi
44、ng hot plate welding, spin welding or other processes.6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design thatpreserves alignment at the joints while maintaining the speci-fied level of watertight requirements in accordance with 6.6.3.6.6.3 Pipe and fittings shall be specified in 4.1.5 and haveeither s
45、ilt-tight bell/spigot joints that utilize a gasket thatcomplies with the requirements of Specification F477 orwatertight bell/spigot joint that complies with the laboratorytests defined and described in Specification D3212 and utilizesa gasket that complies with the requirements of SpecificationF477
46、. It is permissible to supply silt-tight bell/spigot jointswith geotextile wrapping meeting the requirements of M 288 inlieu of a rubber gasket. Note that special provisions must betaken in order to join field cut pipe that must have watertightjoints meeting the requirements of Specification D3212.N
47、OTE 8Specification D3212 testing only confirms laboratory short-term watertight integrity of the joint design. If long-term watertightperformance is required, field testing of the joint should be conducted aminimum 30-days after installation. This testing assesses the impact oflong-term material pro
48、perties and installation quality.6.6.4 Optional retaining bands, when used and tested inaccordance with 6.6.3, shall show no signs of cracking,separation, splitting or delamination from the pipe during thistest.6.7 PerforationsPerforations shall be cleanly cut, placedin the valley of the corrugation
49、 rib, and uniformly spaced alongthe length and circumference of the pipe. Dimensions of theperforations and the minimum perforation inlet area shall be aslisted in Table 3. Other perforation dimensions and configura-tions shall be permitted, where required to meet the needs ofthe specifier. All measurements shall be made in accordancewith 7.3.4. Pipe connected by bell and sp
