1、Designation: F2927 12Standard Test Method forDoor Systems Subject to Airblast Loadings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method identifies the standard procedures thatshall be followed when utilizing either a shock tube or acontrolled open-air explosion
3、to evaluate the blast capacity ofa door system. This test method is designed for all types ofswinging doors, including single and double doors construc-tion. This method is used to test complete door assemblies. Adoor assembly includes the door panel(s), latching hardware,hinges, post mullion (if ap
4、plicable), frame and frame connec-tion to a rigid reaction structure. The door panel(s) may alsocontain one or more integral vision lites (glazing systems). Theglazing system may include, but not be limited to thosefabricated from monolithic glass, laminated glass, plastic,glass-clad plastics, glass
5、/plastic glazing materials, and filmed-backed glass. The results gathered from this method can beused for door installations in non-rigid wall openings. The testmethod may be adapted to horizontal sliding and vertical-liftdoors.1.2 The scaled range or standoff of the charge shall be 1 m(3 ft, 3 in.)
6、 or greater from the specimen in order to reduce oreliminate any punching effect the blast may have on thespecimen. A charge-in-contact blast test is not covered by thismethod.1.3 This test method and the resulting data are valid for thedoor size tested and smaller doors of identical construction.Ac
7、ceptance criteria are divided into five Door ResponseDamage Categories (Categories I, II, III, IV and V). Refer tosection 7.1 and Table 1 for a description of each category.1.4 A door assembly may also contain ancillary hardwaresuch as pulls, closers, kickplates, coordinators, gaskets, etc.Although
8、these hardware components may not influence blastresistance performance, the specifier may wish to verify thatthese items do not dislodge from the door or frame during a testand become a flying debris hazard.1.5 For doors equipped with a vision lite, the door shall beevaluated using the Door Respons
9、e Damage Categories intro-duced in section 1.3 and defined in Table 1 and the glazing andglazing system of the vision lite shall also be evaluated usinga No Break, No Hazard, Minimal Hazard, Very Low Hazard,Low Hazard and High Hazard rating system. Refer to section7.5 and Table 2 for glazing hazard
10、definitions.1.6 This method is intended to test the blast capacity of adoor assembly from a shock wave. It does not attempt toaddress all testing required of door assemblies. These tests mayinclude, but are not limited to, charge-in-contact blastresistance, forced entry resistance, bullet resistance
11、, fireresistance, sound attenuation, and gas or water leakage. Thesetypes of tests are not covered by this test method.1.7 This test method does not verify the blast performanceof the wall that a tested door will be placed in.1.8 The values stated in SI units (International System ofUnits) are to be
12、 regarded as the standard. The values given inparentheses are provided for information only.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health pract
13、ices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E699 Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved inTesting, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of BuildingComponentsF1642 Test Method for Glazing and Glazing Systems Sub-ject to Ai
14、rblast Loadings2.2 Other Standards:3ISO/IEC International Standard 17025 General Require-ments for the Competence of Testing and CalibrationLaboratories3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F12 on SecuritySystems and Equipment and is the direct re
15、sponsibility of Subcommittee F12.10 onSystems Products and Services.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. DOI:10.1520/F2927-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
16、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock
17、en, PA 19428-2959. United States1TABLE 1 Door Response Damage Categories and DescriptionsDamage Rating Description of Door / Frame ResponseDamage LevelCategoryUndamaged The door specimen is substantially unchanged after the airblast loading and is fullyoperable. Any permanent deformation shall be wi
18、thin 3 mm (18 in.) of the pretestcondition. The door must be checked that it is operable by unlatching and swingingthe door open and then closed and latched. The door can be secured. The externalportion of the frame, frame anchorage, latches, and hinges shall not show any visibledamage. If strain ga
19、uges were used, the recorded stresses in the door material arewithin the specifiers acceptable limits.IDamaged butOpenableThe door panel, the frame, and/or the hardware has acceptable permanentdeformation or damage; however, the door remains openable. The door must bechecked that it is openable by u
20、nlatching and swinging the door open far enough toallow ingress / egress. Acceptable permanent deformation or damage and degree ofopening to permit ingress / egress is determined by the specifier based on the enduse of the door.IINon-catastrophicFailureThe door may get lodged into the frame from the
21、 blast force or the door may swingopen in rebound. The door may be inoperable and may hinder ingress / egress.Acceptable permanent deformation or damage is determined by the specifier basedon the end use of the door. The door and hardware components are not permitted todetach from the frame and be t
22、hrown into the test structure witness area. The frameand frame anchorage must remain and integral system and attached to the teststructure wall.IIILimited Hazard Failure The door leaf becomes separated frame or the frame anchorage fails and the entiredoor leaf and frame assembly become separated fro
23、m the test structure wall and arethrown into the test structure witness area. The dislodged door leaf or assembly mustremain within the3m(120in.)finishfloor as shown in Fig. 1. There shall be noevidence of any dislodged hardware component striking the witness panel mountedon the back wall of the tes
24、t structure. Note: A door assembly equal to or exceeding 3m (120 in.) in height cannot obtain a “Limited Hazard Failure Category IV Rating”due to the size limitation of the test structure witness area.IVHigh Hazard Failure The door leaf becomes separated frame or the frame anchorage fails and the en
25、tiredoor leaf and frame assembly become separated from the test structure wall and arethrown into the test structure witness area and strikes the witness panel above the“High Hazard Threshold” shown in Fig. 1. There shall be no evidence of anydislodged hardware component striking the witness panel a
26、bove the High HazardThreshold.VTABLE 2 Glazing Hazard Levels and DescriptionsHazard Rating Description of Doors Glazing Response Hazard LevelNo Break The glazing is observed not to fracture and there is no visible damage to the glazingsystem.H1No Hazard The glazing is observed to fracture but is ful
27、ly retained in the doors vision lite frameand the rear surface (the side opposite the airblast loaded side of the specimen) isunbroken.H1Minimal Hazard The glazing is observed to fracture and the total length of tears in the glazing plus thetotal length of pullout from the edge of the vision lite fr
28、ame is less than 20 % of theglazing sight perimeter. Also, there are three or less perforations caused by glazingslivers and no fragment indents anywhere in a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.) from the interior face of the specimen and there are fragments with a sum totalunited dimension of 2
29、5 cm (10 in.) or less on the floor between0mto1m(0in.to40 in.) from the interior face of the specimen. Glazing dust and slivers are notaccounted for in the rating. Fragments are defined as any particle with a uniteddimension of 2.5 cm (1 in.) or greater. The united dimension of a glass particle isde
30、ter- mined by adding its width, length, and thickness. Glazing dust and slivers areall smaller particles.H2Very Low Hazard The glazing is observed to fracture within1m(40in.)oftheoriginallocation. Also,there are three or less perforations caused by glazing slivers and no fragment indentsanywhere in
31、a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespecimen and there are fragments with a sum total united dimension of 25 cm (10 in.)or less on the floor between1m(40in.)and3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthe specimen. Glazing dust and slivers are not accounted for in the rating.H3Lo
32、w Hazard The glazing is observed to fracture, but the glazing fragments generally fall between 1m (40 in.) of the interior face of the specimen and 50 cm (20 in.) or less above thefloor of a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespecimen. Also, there are ten or fewer perfor
33、ations in the area of a vertical witnesspanel located3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespecimen and higher than 50cm (20 in.) above the floor and none of the perforations penetrate through the fullthickness of the foil backed insulation board layer of the witness panel.H4High Hazard Glazing is obser
34、ved to fracture and there are more than ten perforations in the areaof a vertical witness panel located3m(120in.)fromtheinteriorfaceofthespecimenand higher than 50 cm (20 in.) above the floor or there are one or more perforationsin the same witness panel area with fragment penetration through the fi
35、rst layer andinto the second layer of the witness panel.N/AF2927 1223.1.1 actual door sizefor swing doors, the exact width andheight of the door panel itself.3.1.2 ambient temperaturerefers to the temperature of theair that surrounds the test specimen.3.1.3 blast mata steel or concrete pad upon whic
36、h highexplosives may be detonated to reduce the incidence of ejecta.3.1.4 blast-resistant doora door assembly that is designedand manufactured to resist a specified series of impulsepressures of designated magnitude in kilopascals (kPa) (orpounds-force) and duration in milliseconds (msec). Blast may
37、result from an accidental or planned explosion or pressurerelease. The door assembly may be made from any materialsthat the door vendor/manufacturer or specifier desires.3.1.5 door clearancerefers to the space between the top ofthe door and header rabbet, the door and jamb rabbets, and thebottom of
38、the door and the finished floor.3.1.6 effective positive phase durationduration, in milli-seconds (msec), of an idealized triangular-shaped positive airblast, having an instantaneous rise-time to the measured peakpositive pressure and a linear decay to ambient conditions. Theimpulse of the idealized
39、 pressure/time history equals themeasured positive phase impulse of the air blast pressure/timehistory.3.1.7 door opening size:3.1.7.1 heightthe distance measured vertically betweenthe frame head rabbet and the bottom of the frame. Equal to theActual Door Height + Undercut + Top Clearance.3.1.7.2 wi
40、dththe distance measured horizontally betweenthe jamb rabbets. Equal to the Actual Door Width (or widthsfor pairs) + Door Edge Clearance.3.1.8 glazingtransparent materials used for windowswithin the doors vision lite.3.1.9 glazing systemthe assembly comprised of theglazing, its framing system, and a
41、nchoring devices of thevision lite that mount to the door panel.3.1.10 headerthe main horizontal member that forms thetop of the door frame.3.1.11 jambthe main vertical members forming the sidesof the door frame.3.1.12 latchbolta bolt or bolts, typically spring-activatedand beveled, in the edge of t
42、he door to keep the door closed.3.1.13 peak positive pressurethe maximum measuredpositive phase air blast pressure in kilopascals (kPa) (orpounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force per squareinch (psi).3.1.14 permanent deformationthe permanent displace-ment from an original position remaini
43、ng after an applied loadhas been removed, measured in millimeters (mm) (or inches(in.).3.1.15 positive phase durationthe duration, in millisec-onds (msec), of a classic air blast pressure/time history, havinga nearly instantaneous rise-time to the peak positive pressureand an exponential decay to am
44、bient conditions. A negativephase of the air blast pressure will follow the positive phase.However, it does not need to be included in this test methodunless required by the specifier.3.1.16 positive phase impulsethe integral of the measuredpositive phase air blast pressure/time history, expressed i
45、nkilopascals-millisecond (kPa-msec) (or pounds-force persquare foot-millisecond (psf-msec) or pounds-force per squareinch-millisecond (psi-msec).3.1.17 post mulliona slender vertical member that subdi-vides a door opening.3.1.18 rabbetthe recess or offset in the frame to receivethe door.3.1.19 rebou
46、ndstress reversal in the material of the door.3.1.20 seating pressurean applied pressure that causes thedoor to seat against the frame, expressed in kilopascals (kPa)(or pounds-force per square foot (psf) or pounds-force persquare inch (psi).3.1.21 shock tubean apparatus that produces a shock loadus
47、ed for testing building components.3.1.22 specifierindividual or party requiring that a doorassembly meets specific blast resistance criteria.3.1.23 strike platea metal plate affixed to the door jambwith a hole or holes for the latchbolt(s) of the door. When thedoor is closed, the latchbot(s) extend
48、 into the hole(s) and holdsthe door closed.3.1.24 test agencythe party performing the testing anddocumenting the test results.3.1.25 test directorthe individual identified by the testagency as being responsible to complete the specified tests asrequired and to document the results in accordance with
49、 thistest method. The test director must sign all of the test reports.3.1.26 test framethe rigid steel fixture supporting the testspecimen at the end of a shock tube or in an open-air arena.Thefixture allows for the installation of the door assembly onto theshock tube or at a particular standoff distance from anexplosion in an open-air arena. The door assembly will beinstalled to the test frame in a manner similar to the way itwould be installed into a steel subframe.3.1.27 test loadthe specified pressure differential (positiveor negative) for w
