1、Designation: F2928 18Standard Practice forSpecimens and Testing Conditions for Testing Polyethylene(PE) Pipe Butt Fusions Using Tensile and Hydrostatic TestMethods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2928; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice provides standardized sample butt fusionpreparation
3、, conditioning, and testing conditions for tensiontesting of specimens prepared from sample butt fusion joints orhydrostatic tests of sample butt fusion joints in accordancewith:1.1.1 Test Method D638, tension testing;1.1.1.1 The preparation or use of tensile specimens otherthan Test Method D638 Typ
4、e I through Type V is beyond thescope of this practice.1.1.2 Test Method D1598, constant (sustained) hydraulicpressure testing;1.1.3 Test Method D1599, short-term hydraulic pressuretesting.1.1.4 It is not within the scope of this practice to includeplastic materials other than polyethylene or other
5、tests for buttfusions. The exclusion of other plastic materials and other testsdoes not imply that other plastic materials are suitable orunsuitable for butt fusion, or that the tests cited herein areadequate or inadequate for qualitative characterization and forresearch and development of butt fusi
6、on joints, or that othertests do not have lesser, equal, or greater utility for suchpurpose.1.1.5 The evaluation of test results and the determination oftest result evaluation criteria are not within the scope of thispractice. This practice is limited to standardized butt fusion testspecimens and te
7、sting conditions for the comparison of testdata from multiple parties.1.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to beregarded as standard. The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.1.7 In this
8、 standard, text in parentheses, notes in the bodyof the standard and appendices are informational and non-mandatory. For tables in the body of the standard, table notesare mandatory.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
9、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
10、 user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environ-mental practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in
11、 the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for
12、Tensile Properties of PlasticsD1598 Test Method for Time-to-Failure of Plastic PipeUnder Constant Internal PressureD1599 Test Method for Resistance to Short-Time HydraulicPressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and FittingsD1600 Terminology forAbbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-ticsF412 Terminology Relati
13、ng to Plastic Piping SystemsF2620 Practice for Heat Fusion Joining of Polyethylene Pipeand Fittings1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Pub
14、lished August 2018 Originallyapproved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F292813. DOI:10.1520/F2928182For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to
15、 the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with inter
16、nationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.12.2 PPI Standards:3PPI2 TR-3 Policies and Proced
17、ures for Developing Hydro-static Design Basis (HDB), Pressure Design Basis (PDB),Strength Design Basis (SDB), and Minimum RequiredStrength (MRS) Ratings for Thermoplastic Piping Mate-rials or PipePPI TR-33 Generic Butt Fusion Joining Procedure for FieldJoining of Polyethylene Pipe3. Terminology3.1 D
18、efinitions shall be in accordance with TerminologyF412, Test Method D638, Test Method D1598, and TestMethod D1599 as applicable. Abbreviations and initialismsshall be in accordance with Terminology F412 and D1600.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 failure, hydraulic, nany conti
19、nuous loss of pressurewith or without the transmission of test fluid through the bodyof the specimen under test.3.2.2 ductile failure, hydraulic, nthe continuous loss ofpressure through a break in the pipe specimen under test wherelocalized expansion (deformation, elongation, necking down,or balloon
20、ing) of the pipe wall at the break is apparent.3.2.3 non-ductile failure, hydraulic, nthe continuous lossof pressure through a break in the pipe specimen under testwhere localized expansion (deformation, elongation, neckingdown, or ballooning) of the pipe wall at the break is notapparent.3.2.4 press
21、ure depletion, hydraulic, na temporary loss oftest sample source pressurization due to equipment or controlfailure, power loss, etc.4. Summary of Practice4.1 This practice specifies procedures for preparing samplebutt fusions, preparing test specimens from sample buttfusions, sample and specimen con
22、ditioning, and requirementsfor testing sample butt fusions or specimens from sample buttfusions in accordance with Test Method D638, Test MethodD1598, and Test Method D1599.4.2 Alternate testing conditions for research, developmentor other purposes are allowed.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practic
23、e provides requirements for standardizedpreparation of sample butt fusions, preparation of specimensfrom sample butt fusions, and conditioning for testing inaccordance with Test Method D638, Test Method D1598,orTest Method D1599. This practice is intended to improve theability to reliably compare te
24、st results from multiple parties.6. Sample Butt Fusions6.1 Sample PreparationEach sample butt fusion shall beat least two lengths of PE pipe that are joined together inaccordance with a butt fusion joining procedure that has beenselected by the parties involved. All pipe lengths in the samplebutt fu
25、sion shall be the same length plus or minus five percent.The minimum pipe length shall be as specified in 7.1 or 8.1.2or 9.1.2.6.1.1 Multiple Joint Sample Butt FusionsFor Test MethodD1598 or D1599, sample butt fusions containing multiple buttfusion joints shall be acceptable. The pipe length between
26、 buttfusion joints shall be the same length plus or minus five percentand shall not be less than the minimum pipe length specified in8.1.2 or 9.1.2. The overall length of multiple joint sample buttfusions shall not exceed testing equipment capabilities.6.2 Sample butt fusions shall be conditioned to
27、 the testtemperature in accordance with Table 1.NOTE 1Butt fusion procedures such as Practice F2620 require coolingthe fusion joint to ambient temperature before pulling, installation orrough handling. Conditioning in this practice is intended to stabilize testsamples to test temperature. Additional
28、 conditioning time may be neces-sary when testing at temperatures significantly above or below 73 F(23 C), or when samples have been temporarily stored at temperaturessignificantly above or below test temperature.6.3 Each sample butt fusion shall be marked, labeled,tagged or otherwise identified so
29、that information relating tothe sample butt fusion joint such as date, time, operator,location, joining procedure, pipe material, etc., and testingresults will be cross-referenced and documented.6.3.1 Each Test Method D638 tension test specimen shall bemarked, labeled, tagged or otherwise identified
30、 so that infor-mation relating to the tension test specimen such as date, time,operator, location, joining procedure, pipe material, etc., andtesting results will be cross-referenced and documented.7. Tension Testing7.1 Tension Test Specimen PreparationPrepare samplebutt fusions in accordance with S
31、ection 6 and 7.1.1. Preparetension test specimens from the sample butt fusions in accor-dance with 7.1.3 7.1.5 .7.1.1 The minimum pipe length on each side of the buttfusion shall be at least 6-in (152 mm) so that the sample buttfusion is at least 12-in (305 mm) in overall length.3Available from Plas
32、tics Pipe Institute (PPI), 105 Decker Court, Suite 825,Irving, TX 75062, http:/www.plasticpipe.org.TABLE 1 Minimum Sample Butt Fusion Conditioning TimeMinimum Conditioning Time in Medium at Test TemperaturePipe Wall ThicknessACirculating water per Practice D618, Procedure D Circulating air per Pract
33、ice D618, Procedure A#1-in (#25 mm) 1 h 4 h1 in (250 mm) to #2.5in(64mm) 2h 8h2.5 in (64 mm) to #4 in (102 mm) 3 h 12 h4 in (102 mm) 4 h 16 hAFor butt fusions between unequal wall thickness pipes, use the greater wall thickness of the two pipes.F2928 1827.1.2 For pipe smaller than 1-in (25 mm) outsi
34、de diameter,each sample butt fusion shall be cut longitudinally in half. Forpipe 1-in (25 mm) outside diameter and larger, each samplebutt fusion shall be cut longitudinally into quadrants.7.1.3 Depending on pipe wall thickness and the Test MethodD638 specimen type, tension test specimens are prepar
35、ed fromall or parts of the pipe wall. Where wall thickness exceeds thethickness of the chosen Test Method D638 specimen type, pipewall is machined away to achieve the thickness specified forthe Test Method D638 specimen type.NOTE 2Where the thickness of the Test Method D638 specimen typespans all or
36、 most of the pipe wall thickness, equal amounts of inside wallthickness and outside wall thickness are removed to achieve the requiredspecimen thickness.7.1.3.1 From each sample butt fusion half or quadrant,machine Type I, II, III, IV or V test specimens in accordancewith Test Method D638.(Note 3) T
37、he butt fusion shall be in thecenter of the test specimen gauge length. The center shall behalf the gauge length plus or minus five percent of the gaugelength. Pipe wall curvature shall be ignored.NOTE 3Tension test specimens should be the same type. Tensiontesting results from different tension spe
38、cimen types may not be compa-rable. The specimen type should be determined by agreement among theinvolved parties.7.1.3.2 For pipe wall thickness less than or equal to TestMethod D638 tension specimen thickness, machine tension testspecimens using the full wall thickness. Pipe wall curvature inthe g
39、auge area shall be ignored. Machining to remove pipe wallcurvature in the grip area is permissible.7.1.3.3 For pipe wall thickness greater than Test methodD638 tension specimen thickness but less than three timestension specimen thickness, and where the parties have notdetermined a specific wall are
40、a such as outside, middle orinside wall for testing, specimens shall be prepared from thecenter of the pipe wall. Machine Type I, II, III, IV or V tensiontest specimens, and for the length of the tension test specimen,remove equal amounts of material from the pipe outsidesurface and the pipe inside
41、surface so that the tension testspecimen gauge area thickness is from the center of the pipewall.7.1.3.4 For pipe wall thickness greater than three timesspecimen thickness, section the pipe wall into one-thirdsections, for example, outer one-third, middle one-third, andinner one-third, and prepare t
42、ension test specimens from theouter, middle, and inner pipe wall.NOTE 4Where greater wall thickness and specimen type permit,additional specimens from between the inner and middle wall and frombetween the middle and outer wall (for example, one-fifth thicknesssections) may be prepared to provide add
43、itional data.7.1.4 Tension test specimen machining shall producesmooth surfaces in the gauge length area. Machining toolmarks in the distance between the grips (see Test MethodD638, Fig. 1) shall be parallel to the long axis of the tensilespecimen. Machining tool marks in the distance between thegri
44、ps that are not parallel to the long axis of the tensilespecimen shall be smoothed with abrasive paper (No. 00 orfiner). Finish sanding strokes shall be made in a direction thatis parallel to the long axis of the tension test specimen. Fusionbead removal during specimen machining shall be acceptable
45、.There shall be no indented printline pipe markings in thetension test specimen gauge area.7.1.5 Fusion beadsThe presence or absence of fusionbeads on tensile specimens shall be by agreement among theparties making and testing the joints. All tensile specimens fora test set shall be consistent with
46、both, one outside or oneinside, or no fusion beads.7.2 Tension Test Specimen ConditioningTension testspecimens shall be conditioned in air in accordance withPractice D618, Procedure A for not less than 4 hours at thetesting temperature without regard to humidity, or in water inaccordance with Practi
47、ce D618, Procedure D for not less thanone hour at the testing temperature.7.3 TestingTension test specimens shall be tested in ac-cordance with Test Method D638. Unless otherwise specified,the test shall be conducted at 73 F (23 C), and the gripseparation rate shall be 2 in/min (50 mm/min). Testing
48、at analternate temperature or grip separation rate shall be byagreement among the parties making and testing the joints.7.3.1 Gauge area measurementMeasure the width andthickness of the tension test specimen in the gauge area to thenearest 0.001 in (0.025 mm) using a measuring device such asa microm
49、eter caliper. Measurements shall be taken at bothsides of the fusion, excluding fusion beads if present, and thesmaller measurement shall be used to calculate the crosssection of the gauge area. Calculate and record the gauge areacross section by multiplying the minimum width and thicknessmeasurements.7.3.2 Record the load and extension curve of the specimen7.3.3 Record the load and extension at the yield point andthe load and extension at the moment of specimen separation.7.3.3.1 If testing is discontinued before specimenseparation, record the load and extensi
