1、Designation: F2947 121F2947/F2947M 14 An American National StandardStandard Specification for150 to 1500 mm 6 to 60 in. Annular Corrugated Profile-WallPolyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary SewerApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2947;F2947/F2947M; the number
2、 immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTESecti
3、on 2 and 5.1 were editorially revised in November 2013.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittingswith an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 150 to 1500 mm 6 to 60 in.1.2 The requ
4、irements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressuresanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance withPractice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fi
5、ttings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).1.4 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text theImperial (inch-pound) units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be ex
6、act equivalents:equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result innon-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This st
7、andarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
8、STM Standards:2A666 Specification for Annealed or Cold-Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat BarD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin PlasticsD2122
9、Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and FittingsD2321 Practice for Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow ApplicationsD2412 Test Method for Determination of External Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate LoadingD2
10、444 Test Method for Determination of the Impact Resistance of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings by Means of a Tup (FallingWeight)D2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2990 Test Methods for Tensile, Compressive, and Flexural Creep and Creep-Rupture of Plast
11、icsD3212 Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric SealsD3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings MaterialsD4218 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Black Content in Polyethylene Compounds By the Muffle-Furnace TechniqueD4389 Spec
12、ification for Finished Glass Fabrics Woven From RovingsD4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or Sheets1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
13、 F17.62 on Sewer.Current edition approved May 1, 2012March 15, 2014. Published May 2012March 2014. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asF2947121 DOI: 10.1520/F2947-1210.1520/F2947-142 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM C
14、ustomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to
15、 the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summa
16、ry of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D6992 Test Method for Accelerated Tensile Creep and Creep-Rupture of Geosynthetic Materials Based on Time-TemperatureSuperpositio
17、n Using the Stepped Isothermal MethodF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF477 Specification for Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining Plastic PipeF2136 Test Method for Notched, Constant Ligament-Stress (NCLS) Test to Determine Slow-Crack-Growth Resistance of HDPEResins or HDPE Corru
18、gated PipeG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 AASHTO Standard:3LRFD, Section 12 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Section 12
19、Buried Structures and Tunnel Liners3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology F412 and abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600, unless otherwise specified. The abbreviation for polyethylene is PE.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1
20、profile wall, nin this case, the profile pipe wall construction provides an interior liner in the waterway and includes ribs,corrugations, or other shapes, which can be either solid or hollow, that helps brace the pipe against diametrical deformation.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for product mad
21、e to this specification shall include the following information to adequately describe the desiredproduct:4.1.1 This ASTM designation and year of issue,4.1.2 Diameters,4.1.3 Total footage of each pipe diameter involved,4.1.4 Pipe laying length,4.1.5 Fitting type(s):4.1.5.1 Size and type of fittings,
22、 including mainline and branch diameters, and4.1.5.2 Number of fittings per diameter.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 Pipe and Fabricated FittingsThe pipe and fabricated fittings shall be made offrom virgin PE compound meeting therequirements of Specification D3350 with a minimum cell classification
23、of 435400C. The carbon black content in the pipe shallbe 435400C or 435400E. Black compound shall have a carbon black content equal to or greater than 2.0 wt % and shall not exceed3.0 wt %. wt % per 6.1.2. Colored compounds shall contain sufficient UV stabilizers to protect against UV degradation. F
24、or qualityassurance purposes, the cell classification shall be performed on compression molded plaque, made according to Test MethodD4703 and cooled at 15C/min. 15C/min 27F/min. The pipe density shall be corrected for percentage carbon black accordingto Specification D3350. Compounds that have a hig
25、her cell classification in one or more performance properties shall be permittedprovided all other product requirements are met.NOTE 1Pipe users should consult with the pipe manufacturer about the outdoor exposure life of the product under consideration. Evaluation of UVstabilizer in Code E color PE
26、 compound using Practice D2565, Practice G154 or Practice G155 may be useful for this purpose. Exposure to sunlight3 Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.FIG. 1
27、 Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe ProfileF2947/F2947M 142during normal construction periods is not harmful. It is good practice to store pipe and fittings under suitable cover prior to installation.5.2 ReworkClean rework generated from the manufacturers own pipe and fittings production of this produc
28、t shall bepermitted to be used by the same manufacturer. Rework shall be the same cell classification as new PE compound with which itis blended and the pipe produced shall meet all the requirements of this specification.6. General Requirements6.1 WorkmanshipThe pipe and fittings shall be homogeneou
29、s throughout and black or color; shall be homogeneousthroughout; and shall be as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks,holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect
30、 the wall integrity.The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely through valleys.6.1.1 Visible defects, cracks, creases, splits, and delaminations in pipe are not permissible.6.1.2 Carbon black content in this pipe or fitting shall be tested in accordance with Test Method D1603 or Test Method D4218.6.
31、2 Dimensions and Tolerance:6.2.1 Nominal SizeThe nominal size for the pipe and fittings shall be the inside diameter shown in Table 1.NOTE 2The actual inside diameter of a pipe depends on the material distribution, construction and stiffness. It may be considerably higher than theminimums specified
32、in this table. For more information, see the manufacturers documentation.6.2.2 Mean Inside DiameterThe manufacturers stated mean inside diameter shall be as shown in Table 1, when measured inaccordance with 7.3.1.NOTE 3The outside diameters and the corrugation pitch of products manufactured to this
33、specification are not specified; therefore, compatibilitybetween pipe and fittings made to this specification from different manufacturers must be verified.6.2.3 Laying LengthThe pipe shall be supplied in any laying length agreeable to both the owner and the manufacturer. Layinglength shall not be l
34、ess than 99 % of stated quantity when measured in accordance with 7.3.2.6.2.4 Liner ThicknessThe minimum liner thickness of the pipe shall meet the requirements given in Table 1 when measuredin accordance with 7.3.3.6.3 Pipe StiffnessMinimum pipe stiffness at 5 % deflection shall meet the requiremen
35、ts given in Table 1 when tested inaccordance with 7.4.NOTE 4The 5 % deflection criterion, which was selected for testing convenience, is not a limitation with respect to in-use deflection. The engineeris responsible for establishing the acceptable deflection limit.6.4 Pipe FlatteningThere shall be n
36、o evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams, separation ofthe valley and liner, or combinations thereof, when tested in accordance with 7.5.6.5 Pipe Impact StrengthThere shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, breaking, separation of corrugation seams,separation
37、 of the valley and liner, or combinations thereof, on any specimen when tested in accordance with 7.6.6.6 Fittings and Joining Systems:6.6.1 Only fittings fabricated from pipe meeting this specification and supplied or recommended by the pipe manufacturer shallbe used. Fabricated fittings shall be i
38、nstalled in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations.6.6.2 The joining system(s) shall be of a design that preserves alignment during construction and prevents separation at thejoints.TABLE 1 Pipe Stiffness and Pipe DimensionsNominalDiameterMean InsideDiameterMinimum Pipe StiffnessStiffness
39、 5% DeflectionMinimum LinerThicknessmm in. mm in. kPa lb/in./in. mm in.150 6 145 5.91 441 64 1.0 0.039200 8 195 7.87 414 60 1.1 0.043225 9 220 8.86 407 59 1.2 0.047250 10 245 9.84 400 58 1.3 0.051300 12 294 11.57 372 54 1.4 0.055375 15 369 14.51 310 45 1.7 0.067400 16 392 15.43 303 44 1.8 0.071450 1
40、8 450 17.72 297 43 1.9 0.074500 20 490 19.29 276 40 2.0 0.079600 24 588 23.15 262 38 2.2 0.087750 30 751 29.56 228 33 2.4 0.094800 32 785 30.91 200 29 2.6 0.102900 36 902 35.49 179 26 2.7 0.1061000 40 985 38.79 179 26 2.9 0.1141050 42 1051 41.39 172 25 3.2 0.1261200 48 1185 46.65 152 22 3.5 0.138150
41、0 60 1501 59.10 138 20 4.0 0.157F2947/F2947M 1436.6.3 Pipe and fittings shall have a watertight bell/spigot joint that complies with the laboratory tests defined and described inTest Method D3212 and utilizes a gasket that complies with the requirements of Specification F477.All joints shall show no
42、 signsof leakage when tested in accordance with Specification D3212. Note that special provisions must be taken in order that jointsmade to field cut pipe meet the requirements of Specification D3212.Any component used in the joining material shall be resistantto effluents being carried in the pipe.
43、6.6.4 Optional Bell Restraining BandsBell restraining bands, when used, shall be made of corrosion resistant materials suchas fiberglass (Specification D4389) or stainless steel (Specification A666).6.6.5 Joint Proof-of-DesignTo assess the effects of longterm properties of the pipe and gasket materi
44、al under a joint assembly,a joint proof-of-design test shall be conducted on the pipe joints using the test method outlined in 7.8. Each joint proof of designpressure test shall be conducted by an independent third party, which provides written certification for each test. This test is aone-time val
45、idation test for the specific pipe diameter, profile geometry, gasket and joint configuration supplied by themanufacturer. This proof-of-design test shall be conducted on at least one pipe diameter within the prescribed diameter range andshall be conducted on each diameter that differs in joint desi
46、gn. If the joint design does not change within the prescribed range,the largest diameter shall be tested. If the diameter range includes more than 5 different pipe diameters, then two sizes shall betested; the largest and smallest diameters.6.7 Slow Crack Growth ResistancePipeFor slow crack-growth r
47、esistance, the pipe shall be evaluated using the notchedconstant ligament stress (NCLS) test according to the procedure described in 7.7. The NCLS test shall be conducted on moldedplaques, and the average failure time of the five test specimens shall exceed 41 h with no single test specimens failure
48、 time lessthan 29 h.6.8 Structural Design:6.8.1 The manufacturer shall supply appropriate data necessary to satisfy the requirements of deflection, thrust, buckling,bending stress and long-term strain in accordance with the design criteria of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification(LRFD, Section
49、 12). The design engineer shall verify that the data provided by the manufacturer satisfy the product requirements.6.8.2 The minimum long-term (50-year) design values for modulus of elasticity and tensile strength for the PE compounds shallbe 152 MPa (22,000 psi) and 6.2 MPa (900 psi), respectively. The maximum allowable long-term (50-year) tensile strain limit fordesign shall be 5 %.6.8.2.1 Creep Rupture StrengthSpecimens fabricated in the same manner and composed of the same materials as the finishedpipe shall have a 50-year
